Difference between revisions of "Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives"

Latest revision as of 16:58, 31 July 2024

◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️

Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Lesson 21: Using infinitives

In the world of language learning, mastering the infinitive form of verbs is like having a reliable compass on a journey — it guides you through the intricacies of expressing purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility in the Persian language. This lesson will empower you to navigate these concepts with confidence, enriching your ability to communicate in everyday situations.

We often find that the infinitive form adds depth to our sentences, allowing us to articulate intentions and desires clearly. By the end of this lesson, you'll not only understand how to use infinitives but also feel comfortable incorporating them into your conversations.

In this lesson, we will cover the following key areas:

Understanding Infinitives in Persian[edit | edit source]

Infinitives in Persian correspond to the base form of the verb and typically end in “-an”. They serve as the foundation for expressing various grammatical functions. Let's explore how they work.

Infinitives for Purpose[edit | edit source]

Infinitives can indicate purpose or intention. For instance, if you want to say "to eat" in Persian, the infinitive form is "خوردن" (khordan). This allows you to create sentences that express why you do something.

Infinitives for Obligation[edit | edit source]

When discussing obligations, infinitives play a crucial role. They help express what one “must” or “should” do. For example, "باید بخوانم" (bāyad bekhānam) translates to "I must read".

Infinitives for Permission[edit | edit source]

Infinitives can also indicate permission. When you want to say "to be allowed to go," you can use "اجازه دادن" (ejāze dādan). This aspect is particularly useful in everyday conversations regarding activities.

Infinitives for Possibility[edit | edit source]

Lastly, infinitives can express possibility. For example, "می‌تواند بیاید" (mitavānad biyāyad) means "He/She can come".

Examples of Infinitives in Use[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding, let’s look at some examples. Each table below illustrates how infinitives are utilized in various contexts.

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
خوردن	khordan	to eat
نوشیدن	nushidan	to drink
رفتن	raftan	to go
دیدن	didan	to see
نوشتن	neveshtan	to write
بازی کردن	bāzi kardan	to play
خواندن	khāndan	to read
گوش دادن	gūsh dādan	to listen
یاد گرفتن	yād gereftan	to learn
خریدن	kharidan	to buy

Now, let's explore how these infinitives can be used in sentences expressing purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility.

Infinitives for Purpose[edit | edit source]

1. من می‌روم تا بخورم.

(man miravam tā bekhoram.)

"I go to eat."

2. او می‌خواند تا یاد بگیرد.

(ū mikhānad tā yād begirad.)

"He/She reads to learn."

3. ما می‌رویم تا بازی کنیم.

(mā miravim tā bāzi konim.)

"We go to play."

4. شما می‌نویسید تا توضیح دهید.

(shomā minevisid tā tozih dahid.)

"You write to explain."

5. آنها می‌خواهند تا سفر کنند.

(ānhā mikhāhand tā safar konand.)

"They want to travel."

Infinitives for Obligation[edit | edit source]

1. من باید بخوانم.

(man bāyad bekhānam.)

"I must read."

2. او باید به خانه برگردد.

(ū bāyad beh khāneh bargardad.)

"He/She must return home."

3. ما باید زود برویم.

(mā bāyad zood beravim.)

"We must leave early."

4. شما باید تمرین کنید.

(shomā bāyad tamrin konid.)

"You must practice."

5. آنها باید بیاموزند.

(ānhā bāyad biyāmuzand.)

"They must learn."

Infinitives for Permission[edit | edit source]

1. او اجازه دارد که برود.

(ū ejāze dārad keh beravad.)

"He/She is allowed to go."

2. من اجازه می‌خواهم تا بیایم.

(man ejāze mikhwāham tā biyāyam.)

"I want permission to come."

3. شما اجازه دارید که بازی کنید.

(shomā ejāze dārid keh bāzi konid.)

"You are allowed to play."

4. آنها اجازه می‌دهند که سفر کنیم.

(ānhā ejāze midahand keh safar konim.)

"They allow us to travel."

5. ما اجازه نداریم که دیر بیاییم.

(mā ejāze nadārim keh dir biyāyim.)

"We are not allowed to come late."

Infinitives for Possibility[edit | edit source]

1. او می‌تواند بیاید.

(ū mitavānad biyāyad.)

"He/She can come."

2. من می‌توانم بخوانم.

(man mitavānam bekhānam.)

"I can read."

3. ما می‌توانیم بازی کنیم.

(mā mitavānim bāzi konim.)

"We can play."

4. شما می‌توانید یاد بگیرید.

(shomā mitavānid yād begirid.)

"You can learn."

5. آنها می‌توانند سفر کنند.

(ānhā mitavānad safar konand.)

"They can travel."

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored how to use infinitives in various contexts, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises to reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct infinitive form of the verb in parentheses.

1. من می‌روم تا __________ (بازی کردن).

2. او باید __________ (خواندن).

3. ما اجازه داریم که __________ (رفتن).

4. شما می‌توانید __________ (دیدن).

5. آنها باید __________ (نوشیدن).

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Persian using the correct infinitive form.

1. I must eat.

2. She wants to learn.

3. We can play.

4. You are allowed to go.

5. They need to read.

Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives[edit | edit source]

Using the infinitives provided, create your own sentences expressing purpose, obligation, permission, or possibility.

1. (یاد گرفتن)

2. (نوشتن)

3. (خوردن)

4. (گوش دادن)

5. (بازی کردن)

Exercise 4: Multiple choice[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct infinitive form to complete the sentence.

1. من می‌خواهم __________ (رفتن / رفتن).

a) رفتن

b) رفتن

2. او باید __________ (نوشید / نوشیدن).

a) نوشید

b) نوشیدن

3. ما می‌توانیم __________ (بازی / بازی کردن).

a) بازی

b) بازی کردن

4. شما اجازه دارید __________ (بیایید / آمدن).

a) بیایید

b) آمدن

5. آنها می‌خواهند __________ (خوردن / خوردن).

a) خوردن

b) خوردن

Exercise 5: Match the verbs[edit | edit source]

Match the infinitive verbs with their English meanings.

1. خواندن

2. نوشتن

3. خوردن

4. رفتن

5. دیدن

a) to see

b) to eat

c) to write

d) to read

e) to go

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Let's go through the solutions to the exercises together.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

1. بازی کنم (bāzi konam)

2. بخواند (bekhānad)

3. برویم (beravim)

4. دیدن (didan)

5. نوشید (nushid)

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

1. من باید بخورم. (man bāyad bekhoram.)

2. او می‌خواهد یاد بگیرد. (ū mikhāhad yād begirad.)

3. ما می‌توانیم بازی کنیم. (mā mitavānim bāzi konim.)

4. شما اجازه دارید که بروید. (shomā ejāze dārid keh beravid.)

5. آنها باید بخوانند. (ānhā bāyad bekhānd.)

Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives[edit | edit source]

1. من می‌خواهم یاد بگیرم. (man mikhwāham yād begiram.)

2. او می‌نویسد. (ū minevisad.)

3. ما باید بخوریم. (mā bāyad bekhorim.)

4. شما گوش می‌دهید. (shomā gūsh midahid.)

5. آنها می‌خواهند بازی کنند. (ānhā mikhāhand bāzi konand.)

Exercise 4: Multiple choice[edit | edit source]

1. a) رفتن

2. b) نوشیدن

3. b) بازی کردن

4. a) بیایید

5. b) خوردن

Exercise 5: Match the verbs[edit | edit source]

1. خواندن - d) to read

2. نوشتن - c) to write

3. خوردن - b) to eat

4. رفتن - e) to go

5. دیدن - a) to see

As we wrap up this lesson, remember that infinitives are powerful tools in your linguistic toolkit. They allow you to express intentions, obligations, permissions, and possibilities, making your conversations in Persian much richer and more meaningful. Don't hesitate to practice these concepts regularly!

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

Unit 6: Food and drink

Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

Unit 9: Travel and transportation

Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

Unit 11: Persian history and geography

Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 {{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Lesson 21: Using infinitives</div>
+In the world of language learning, mastering the infinitive form of verbs is like having a reliable compass on a journey — it guides you through the intricacies of expressing purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility in the Persian language. This lesson will empower you to navigate these concepts with confidence, enriching your ability to communicate in everyday situations.
+We often find that the infinitive form adds depth to our sentences, allowing us to articulate intentions and desires clearly. By the end of this lesson, you'll not only understand how to use infinitives but also feel comfortable incorporating them into your conversations.
-<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives</div>
+In this lesson, we will cover the following key areas:
 __TOC__
-Welcome to Unit 10 of our Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course. In this lesson, we will learn about using infinitives in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. Infinitives are verb forms that are not inflected for tense, person, or number. They function as either nouns or adjectives in a sentence.
+=== Understanding Infinitives in Persian ===
+Infinitives in Persian correspond to the base form of the verb and typically end in “-an”. They serve as the foundation for expressing various grammatical functions. Let's explore how they work.
+==== Infinitives for Purpose ====
+Infinitives can indicate purpose or intention. For instance, if you want to say "to eat" in Persian, the infinitive form is "خوردن" (khordan). This allows you to create sentences that express why you do something.
+==== Infinitives for Obligation ====
+When discussing obligations, infinitives play a crucial role. They help express what one “must” or “should” do. For example, "باید بخوانم" (bāyad bekhānam) translates to "I must read".
+==== Infinitives for Permission ====
+Infinitives can also indicate permission. When you want to say "to be allowed to go," you can use "اجازه دادن" (ejāze dādan). This aspect is particularly useful in everyday conversations regarding activities.
+==== Infinitives for Possibility ====
-<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-5:-Present-tense-conjugation-of-regular-verbs|Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Come|Come]].</span>
+Lastly, infinitives can express possibility. For example, "می‌تواند بیاید" (mitavānad biyāyad) means "He/She can come".
-== Infinitives as nouns ==
-Infinitives can be used as the subject or the direct object of a sentence. In this use, they are similar to gerunds in English. Here are some examples:
+=== Examples of Infinitives in Use ===
+To solidify your understanding, let’s look at some examples. Each table below illustrates how infinitives are utilized in various contexts.
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| خوردن || khordan || to eat
+|-
+| نوشیدن || nushidan || to drink
+|-
+| رفتن || raftan || to go
+|-
+| دیدن || didan || to see
+|-
+| نوشتن || neveshtan || to write
 |-
-| دیدن || didan || Seeing
+| بازی کردن || bāzi kardan || to play
 |-
-| خوردن || khordan || Eating
+| خواندن || khāndan || to read
 |-
-| خواندن || khɒːndæn || Reading
+| گوش دادن || gūsh dādan || to listen
+|-
+| یاد گرفتن || yād gereftan || to learn
+|-
+| خریدن || kharidan || to buy
 |}
-* دیدن خوب است. (Didan khub ast.) Seeing is good.
+Now, let's explore how these infinitives can be used in sentences expressing purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility.
-* خوردن حرام است. (Khordan haram ast.) Eating is forbidden.
-* خواندن کتاب علاقه‌مندی من است. (Khɒːndæn-e ketab elaqe-mandi-mæn ast.) Reading books is my hobby.
+==== Infinitives for Purpose ====
+. من می‌روم تا بخورم.
+(man miravam tā bekhoram.)
+"I go to eat."
+. او می‌خواند تا یاد بگیرد.
+(ū mikhānad tā yād begirad.)
+"He/She reads to learn."
+. ما می‌رویم تا بازی کنیم.
+(mā miravim tā bāzi konim.)
+"We go to play."
+. شما می‌نویسید تا توضیح دهید.
+(shomā minevisid tā tozih dahid.)
+"You write to explain."
+. آنها می‌خواهند تا سفر کنند.
+(ānhā mikhāhand tā safar konand.)
+"They want to travel."
+==== Infinitives for Obligation ====
+. من باید بخوانم.
+(man bāyad bekhānam.)
+"I must read."
+. او باید به خانه برگردد.
+(ū bāyad beh khāneh bargardad.)
+"He/She must return home."
+. ما باید زود برویم.
+(mā bāyad zood beravim.)
+"We must leave early."
+. شما باید تمرین کنید.
+(shomā bāyad tamrin konid.)
+"You must practice."
+. آنها باید بیاموزند.
+(ānhā bāyad biyāmuzand.)
+"They must learn."
+==== Infinitives for Permission ====
+. او اجازه دارد که برود.
+(ū ejāze dārad keh beravad.)
+"He/She is allowed to go."
+. من اجازه می‌خواهم تا بیایم.
+(man ejāze mikhwāham tā biyāyam.)
+"I want permission to come."
+. شما اجازه دارید که بازی کنید.
+(shomā ejāze dārid keh bāzi konid.)
+"You are allowed to play."
+. آنها اجازه می‌دهند که سفر کنیم.
+(ānhā ejāze midahand keh safar konim.)
+"They allow us to travel."
+. ما اجازه نداریم که دیر بیاییم.
+(mā ejāze nadārim keh dir biyāyim.)
+"We are not allowed to come late."
+==== Infinitives for Possibility ====
+. او می‌تواند بیاید.
+(ū mitavānad biyāyad.)
+"He/She can come."
+. من می‌توانم بخوانم.
+(man mitavānam bekhānam.)
+"I can read."
+. ما می‌توانیم بازی کنیم.
+(mā mitavānim bāzi konim.)
+"We can play."
+. شما می‌توانید یاد بگیرید.
+(shomā mitavānid yād begirid.)
+"You can learn."
+. آنها می‌توانند سفر کنند.
+(ānhā mitavānad safar konand.)
+"They can travel."
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+Now that we've explored how to use infinitives in various contexts, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises to reinforce what you've learned.
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks ====
+Complete the sentences with the correct infinitive form of the verb in parentheses.
+. من می‌روم تا __________ (بازی کردن).
+. او باید __________ (خواندن).
+. ما اجازه داریم که __________ (رفتن).
+. شما می‌توانید __________ (دیدن).
+. آنها باید __________ (نوشیدن).
+==== Exercise 2: Translate the sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Persian using the correct infinitive form.
+. I must eat.
+. She wants to learn.
+. We can play.
+. You are allowed to go.
+. They need to read.
+==== Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives ====
+Using the infinitives provided, create your own sentences expressing purpose, obligation, permission, or possibility.
+. (یاد گرفتن)
+. (نوشتن)
+. (خوردن)
+. (گوش دادن)
+. (بازی کردن)
+==== Exercise 4: Multiple choice ====
+Choose the correct infinitive form to complete the sentence.
+. من می‌خواهم __________ (رفتن / رفتن).
+a) رفتن
+b) رفتن
+. او باید __________ (نوشید / نوشیدن).
+a) نوشید
+b) نوشیدن
+. ما می‌توانیم __________ (بازی / بازی کردن).
+a) بازی
+b) بازی کردن
+. شما اجازه دارید __________ (بیایید / آمدن).
+a) بیایید
+b) آمدن
+. آنها می‌خواهند __________ (خوردن / خوردن).
+a) خوردن
+b) خوردن
+==== Exercise 5: Match the verbs ====
+Match the infinitive verbs with their English meanings.
+. خواندن
+. نوشتن
+. خوردن
+. رفتن
+. دیدن
+a) to see
+b) to eat
+c) to write
+d) to read
+e) to go
+=== Solutions and Explanations ===
+Let's go through the solutions to the exercises together.
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks ====
+. بازی کنم (bāzi konam)
+. بخواند (bekhānad)
+. برویم (beravim)
+. دیدن (didan)
+. نوشید (nushid)
+==== Exercise 2: Translate the sentences ====
+. من باید بخورم. (man bāyad bekhoram.)
+. او می‌خواهد یاد بگیرد. (ū mikhāhad yād begirad.)
+. ما می‌توانیم بازی کنیم. (mā mitavānim bāzi konim.)
+. شما اجازه دارید که بروید. (shomā ejāze dārid keh beravid.)
+. آنها باید بخوانند. (ānhā bāyad bekhānd.)
-And here is an example with an infinitive as a direct object:
+==== Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives ====
-* من دوست دارم شیرینی خوردن. (Man dust daram shirini khordan.) I like to eat sweets.
+. من می‌خواهم یاد بگیرم. (man mikhwāham yād begiram.)
-== Infinitives as adjectives ==
+. او می‌نویسد. (ū minevisad.)
-Infinitives can also function as adjectives in Persian. In this use, they describe a noun by indicating its purpose. Here is an example:
-* کتاب‌های خواندنی (Ketabhaye khɒːndæni.) Books to read (i.e. readable books)
+. ما باید بخوریم. (mā bāyad bekhorim.)
-Here, "khɒːndæni" functions as an adjective that describes the purpose of the books.
+. شما گوش می‌دهید. (shomā gūsh midahid.)
-== Infinitives with prepositions ==
+. آنها می‌خواهند بازی کنند. (ānhā mikhāhand bāzi konand.)
-Infinitives can also be used with prepositions in Persian to express different meanings. Here are some common prepositions used with infinitives:
-* برای (baraye): for, to
+==== Exercise 4: Multiple choice ====
-* بدون (bedun): without
-* به (be): to, for
-* در (dar): in, at, by
-* با (bɒː): with
-Here are some examples:
+. a) رفتن
-* من برای خواندن کتاب به کتابخانه می‌روم. (Man baraye khɒːndæn-e kitab be ketabkhane miravam.) I go to the library to read books.
+. b) نوشیدن
-* او بدون خوردن غذا کار می‌کند. (Ou bedun khordan-e ghaza kar mikonad.) He works without eating food.
-* آیت الکرسی را برای حفظ قرآن می‌خوانم. (Ayat al-kursi ra baraye hefz-e qur'an mikhanam.) I recite Ayat al-Kursi to memorize the Quran.
-== Infinitives for obligation, permission, and possibility ==
+. b) بازی کردن
-Infinitives can also be used with modal verbs to express obligation, permission, and possibility in Persian. The modal verb comes first, followed by the infinitive. Here are some examples:
-* باید بخواند. (Bayad bkhɒːnad.) Must read. (i.e. he must read)
+. a) بیایید
-* می‌توان خورد. (Mitavan khordan.) Can eat. (i.e. he can eat)
-* نمی‌توان دید. (Namitavan didan.) Cannot see. (i.e. he cannot see)
-* باید هر روز ورزش کرد. (Bayad har ruz varzesh kard.) Must exercise every day.
-* می‌توان به فرانسه سفر کرد. (Mitavan be Faranse safar kard.) Can travel to France.
-* نمی‌توان پول بسیار دارد. (Namitavan pool-e basiyar darad.) Cannot have a lot of money.
-Note that the present tense form of the modal verb is used to express present or future obligation, permission, or possibility. The past tense form is used to express past obligation, permission, or possibility.
+. b) خوردن
-== Conclusion ==
+==== Exercise 5: Match the verbs ====
-In this lesson, we learned about using infinitives in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. We saw how infinitives can be used as either nouns or adjectives in a sentence, and how they can be combined with prepositions and modal verbs to convey different meanings. I hope this lesson was useful for you, and I encourage you to practice using infinitives in your own Persian sentences.
-== Sources ==
+. خواندن - d) to read
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar Persian grammar]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive Infinitive]
+. نوشتن - c) to write
+. خوردن - b) to eat
+. رفتن - e) to go
+. دیدن - a) to see
+As we wrap up this lesson, remember that infinitives are powerful tools in your linguistic toolkit. They allow you to express intentions, obligations, permissions, and possibilities, making your conversations in Persian much richer and more meaningful. Don't hesitate to practice these concepts regularly!
-<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives
-|keywords=Persian Grammar, Iranian Persian Grammar, Persian infinitives, Persian classes online
+|title=Using Infinitives in Iranian Persian
-|description=Learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission and possibility in our free Persian classes online for beginners.
+|keywords=Persian infinitives, Persian grammar, learn Persian, Iranian Persian for beginners
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use infinitives in Iranian Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility.
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 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-say-goodbye|How to say goodbye]]
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-22:-Complex-sentences-and-conjunctions|Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions]]
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Difference between revisions of "Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives"

Latest revision as of 16:58, 31 July 2024

Understanding Infinitives in Persian[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Purpose[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Obligation[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Permission[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Possibility[edit | edit source]

Examples of Infinitives in Use[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Purpose[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Obligation[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Permission[edit | edit source]

Infinitives for Possibility[edit | edit source]

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: Multiple choice[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Match the verbs[edit | edit source]

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: Create sentences using infinitives[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: Multiple choice[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Match the verbs[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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