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{{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
{{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood</div>
Welcome to Lesson 20 of our "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course"! In this lesson, we will explore the '''imperative mood''', a vital aspect of Persian grammar that allows you to give commands, make requests, and express permission or prohibition. Understanding the imperative mood is essential for effective communication in everyday situations, whether you’re ordering food, giving directions, or simply telling someone to pay attention.


<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood</div>
Through this lesson, you will learn how to form the imperative in Persian, differentiate between formal and informal usage, and discover how to express both permission and prohibition. By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the tools to use the imperative mood confidently in your conversations.
 
== Lesson Outline ==
 
* '''Introduction to the Imperative Mood'''
 
* '''Forming the Imperative'''
 
* '''Regular Verbs'''
 
* '''Irregular Verbs'''
 
* '''Negative Imperative'''
 
* '''Expressing Permission and Prohibition'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises'''
 
* '''Conclusion'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Persian language teacher with more than 20 years of experience, I believe that mastering the imperative mood is essential for effective communication in Persian. In this lesson, you will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood and to express permission and prohibition in Persian.
=== Introduction to the Imperative Mood ===
 
The imperative mood is used to give commands or instructions. It can be as simple as telling a friend to "listen" or as polite as asking someone to "please wait." In Persian, the way you form the imperative can vary based on the level of formality and the relationship between the speakers.
 
Here's why mastering the imperative mood is crucial:
 
* '''Daily Communication''': You'll find yourself using imperatives in various situations, such as when you’re at a restaurant or giving directions.
 
* '''Cultural Nuances''': Understanding how to use the imperative appropriately reflects cultural norms and respect in Persian-speaking contexts.


== The imperative mood ==
=== Forming the Imperative ===


The imperative mood is used to give commands, orders, requests or advice. It is a very common and useful feature of Persian grammar, and it is marked by the use of the present tense without a subject. Unlike in English, the subject is usually omitted in Persian, and it is implied by the context or the verb form. For example, "Go!" is translated as "بَرو!" (baro!), which is the imperative form of the verb "to go" (رفتن, raftan).
Forming the imperative mood in Persian can be straightforward, especially for regular verbs. Let’s break it down.


The imperative mood is formed by taking the stem of the present tense and adding the appropriate endings. Here are the main forms in Persian:
==== Regular Verbs ====
 
Regular verbs in Persian follow a predictable pattern. Generally, you will drop the suffix of the verb in the present tense.
 
Here are some examples of regular verbs in the imperative form:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive !! Negative
 
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| بِگو! (bigu!) || نَگو! (nagu!)
 
| بخوان || bikhān || Read
 
|-
 
| بنویس || benevis || Write
 
|-
|-
| بِنَواز! (binavaz!) || نَنَواز! (nanavaz!)
 
| برو || boro || Go
 
|-
|-
| بِخَور! (bixor!) || نَخور! (naxor!)
 
| بیا || biyā || Come
 
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | Note: To form the negative imperative, the word نَ (na) is added before the stem of the present tense verb.
 
| بپرس || bepors || Ask
 
|}
|}


Notice that the endings of the imperative mood are different for the second person singular (you) and second person plural (you-all), but they are the same for the first and third persons. Also, the negative imperative is formed by adding the word "na" (نَ) before the stem of the verb.
The above examples illustrate how the base form of the verb is used as the command. Notice that the verbs are in their root form, which is straightforward for everyday use.


Here are some examples of the imperative mood in use:
==== Irregular Verbs ====


* بِگو! (bigu!) - Speak!
Some verbs do not follow the regular pattern and have unique forms in the imperative mood. Here are a few examples:
* بیا! (biya!) - Come!
* بِشین! (beshin!) - Sit!
* نَگو! (nagu!) - Don't say!
* نَباش! (nabash!) - Don't be!
* نِخور! (nikhor!) - Don't eat!


Note that the second person verb ending in the negative imperative is -n, which is added before the stem of the present tense verb.
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-


== Expressing permission and prohibition ==
| داشته باش || dāshté bāsh || Have (keep)


In Persian, permission and prohibition are usually expressed by using the verbs خواستن (khastan) and نَخواستن (naxastan), respectively. To indicate permission, the verb خواستن is used in the infinitive form, followed by the verb in the present tense. To indicate prohibition, the verb نَخواستن is used in the infinitive form, followed by the verb in the negative imperative.
|-


For example:
| بزن || bezan || Hit (play)


* می‌تونی بری. (mituni beri.) - You can go.
|-
* نَمی‌تونی بری. (namituni bari.) - You can't go.
* می‌شه بری؟ (mishe bari?) - May I go?
* نَمی‌شه بری. (namishe bari.) - You may not go.


Here are some examples with the verb نَخواستن (naxastan):
| ببین || bebin || See


* نَخواه اینجا بیای. (nakhah injā biāy.) - Don't come here.
|-
* نَباید اینو بخری. (nabāyad ino bexari.) - You shouldn't buy this.
* نَگذار من برم. (nagzar man beram.) - Don't let me go.


And here are some examples with the verb خواستن (khastan):
| بگو || begu || Say


* می‌خواهی چی برای ناهار بخرم؟ (mikhāhi chi barāye nāhār bexaram?) - What do you want me to buy for lunch?
|-
* می‌توانید برای مدت کوتاهی منتظر بمانید. (mitavānid barāye moddat-e kutāhi montazar bemanid.) - You may wait for a short time.
* خودتان وارد شوید. (khodetān vāred shavid.) - You can enter yourself.


=== Vocabulary ===
| دانستن || dānīstan || Know


Here are some imperative expressions you might find useful in everyday situations:
|}
 
These irregular forms are essential to remember as they are commonly used in conversation.
 
=== Negative Imperative ===
 
To form a negative imperative in Persian, you typically use the word "نکن" (nakan) for "do not." This is followed by the root form of the verb. Here’s how it works:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Persian !! Transliteration !! English
 
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| بیا! || biyā! || Come!
 
| نخوان || nakhān || Don't read
 
|-
|-
| بِرو! || bero! || Go!
 
| نرو || naro || Don't go
 
|-
|-
| بِشین! || beshin! || Sit!
 
| ننویس || nanvis || Don't write
 
|-
|-
| بِرِیز! || beriz! || Pour!
 
| نپرس || napors || Don't ask
 
|-
|-
| بِخُور! || bixor! || Eat!
 
|-
| نزن || nazan || Don't hit (play)  
| بِنواز! || binavaz! || Play (an instrument)!
 
|-
| نمی‌دانم! || nemidānam! || I don't know!
|-
| قول می‌دهم. || ghool midaham. || I promise.
|-
| بَگو! || bəgu! || Say (it)!
|-
| بِیا که نَداریم وقت! || biyā ke nadārim vaght! || Hurry up!
|}
|}


== Conclusion ==
Using the negative imperative allows you to express prohibitions clearly and effectively.
 
=== Expressing Permission and Prohibition ===
 
In Persian, you can also express permission or prohibition using specific phrases. Here are a few examples:
 
* '''برای رفتن اجازه داری؟''' (Barāye raftan ejāze dāri?) – Do you have permission to go?
 
* '''نرو!''' (Naro!) – Don’t go!
 
* '''می‌توانی بیایی؟''' (Mitavāni biyāyi?) – Can you come?
 
These phrases are practical for everyday situations where permission or prohibition is necessary.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have learned about the imperative mood, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!
 
==== Exercise 1: Form the Imperative ====
 
Instruction: Write the imperative form for the following verbs.
 
1. (بخواب) – to sleep
 
2. (بزن) – to hit/play
 
3. (بخر) – to buy
 
''Answers:''
 
1. بخواب (bikhāb) – Sleep
 
2. بزن (bezan) – Hit/Play
 
3. بخر (bekhar) – Buy
 
==== Exercise 2: Negative Imperative ====
 
Instruction: Convert the following commands into negative imperatives.
 
1. بخوان (Read)
 
2. برو (Go)
 
3. بخر (Buy)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. نخوان (nakhān) – Don’t read


In this lesson, we have covered the imperative mood and its use in giving commands, instructions and advice in Persian, as well as how to express permission and prohibition. Remember that the imperative form of the verb is used without a subject, and that the negative imperative is formed by adding "na" before the stem of the verb. Practice using these expressions by giving commands and instructions to others, and pay attention to how native speakers use them in everyday situations.  
2. نرو (naro) – Don’t go


Sources:
3. نخر (nakhār) – Don’t buy
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar Persian Grammar]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language Persian Language]
==== Exercise 3: Permission or Prohibition ====
 
Instruction: Decide if the following sentences express permission or prohibition.
 
1. می‌توانی بیایی؟
 
2. نرو!
 
3. اجازه داری؟
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Permission
 
2. Prohibition
 
3. Permission
 
==== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the correct imperative form of the verb provided.
 
1. (بیا) _____
 
2. (بپرس) _____
 
3. (نخر) _____
 
''Answers:''
 
1. بیا (biyā) – Come
 
2. بپرس (bepors) – Ask
 
3. نخر (nakhār) – Don’t buy
 
==== Exercise 5: Translate the Commands ====
 
Instruction: Translate the following commands into Persian.
 
1. Don’t talk.
 
2. Come here.
 
3. Don’t look.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. نگو (nagū) – Don’t talk.
 
2. بیا اینجا (biyā injā) – Come here.
 
3. نگاه نکن (negāh nakon) – Don’t look.
 
==== Exercise 6: Create Your Own Imperatives ====
 
Instruction: Write three commands you would use in a daily conversation.
 
''Example Answers:''
 
1. بخوان (bikhān) – Read.
 
2. بنویس (benevis) – Write.
 
3. برو خانه (boro khāneh) – Go home.
 
==== Exercise 7: Identify the Verb Forms ====
 
Instruction: Identify the verb form (imperative or negative) for the following sentences.
 
1. نرو!
 
2. بخر.
 
3. نپرس.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Negative Imperative
 
2. Imperative
 
3. Negative Imperative
 
==== Exercise 8: Matching Exercise ====
 
Match the command with its translation.
 
1. بیا (a) Don’t go
 
2. نخوان (b) Come
 
3. برو (c) Don’t read
 
''Answers:''
 
1. (b) Come
 
2. (c) Don’t read
 
3. (a) Don’t go
 
==== Exercise 9: Fill in the Gaps ====
 
Instruction: Use the correct form of the imperative or negative imperative in the following sentences.
 
1. _____ (بیا) زود!
 
2. _____ (نرو) به آنجا!
 
3. _____ (بپرس) سوال!
 
''Answers:''
 
1. بیا (biyā) – Come quickly!
 
2. نرو (naro) – Don’t go there!
 
3. بپرس (bepors) – Ask a question!
 
==== Exercise 10: Group Discussion ====
 
Instruction: In pairs, practice giving commands and asking for permission using the imperative mood.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing Lesson 20! You’ve learned how to use the imperative mood in Persian and how to express commands, permission, and prohibition. This foundational skill will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in everyday situations.
 
As you continue your journey in learning Iranian Persian, remember to practice these structures in your conversations. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. Keep up the great work, and see you in the next lesson!


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|title=Using the Imperative Mood in Iranian Persian
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to give commands and instructions using the imperative mood and to express permission and prohibition in Persian.
 
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==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-9:-Possessive-pronouns|Lesson 9: Possessive pronouns]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives|Comaratives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives|Lesson 21: Using infinitives]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


{{Iranian-persian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Iranian-persian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Lesson-19:-Travel-preparations-and-bookings|◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives|Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 16:57, 31 July 2024

◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood

Welcome to Lesson 20 of our "Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course"! In this lesson, we will explore the imperative mood, a vital aspect of Persian grammar that allows you to give commands, make requests, and express permission or prohibition. Understanding the imperative mood is essential for effective communication in everyday situations, whether you’re ordering food, giving directions, or simply telling someone to pay attention.

Through this lesson, you will learn how to form the imperative in Persian, differentiate between formal and informal usage, and discover how to express both permission and prohibition. By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the tools to use the imperative mood confidently in your conversations.

Lesson Outline[edit | edit source]

  • Introduction to the Imperative Mood
  • Forming the Imperative
  • Regular Verbs
  • Irregular Verbs
  • Negative Imperative
  • Expressing Permission and Prohibition
  • Practice Exercises
  • Conclusion

Introduction to the Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]

The imperative mood is used to give commands or instructions. It can be as simple as telling a friend to "listen" or as polite as asking someone to "please wait." In Persian, the way you form the imperative can vary based on the level of formality and the relationship between the speakers.

Here's why mastering the imperative mood is crucial:

  • Daily Communication: You'll find yourself using imperatives in various situations, such as when you’re at a restaurant or giving directions.
  • Cultural Nuances: Understanding how to use the imperative appropriately reflects cultural norms and respect in Persian-speaking contexts.

Forming the Imperative[edit | edit source]

Forming the imperative mood in Persian can be straightforward, especially for regular verbs. Let’s break it down.

Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Persian follow a predictable pattern. Generally, you will drop the suffix of the verb in the present tense.

Here are some examples of regular verbs in the imperative form:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
بخوان bikhān Read
بنویس benevis Write
برو boro Go
بیا biyā Come
بپرس bepors Ask

The above examples illustrate how the base form of the verb is used as the command. Notice that the verbs are in their root form, which is straightforward for everyday use.

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Some verbs do not follow the regular pattern and have unique forms in the imperative mood. Here are a few examples:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
داشته باش dāshté bāsh Have (keep)
بزن bezan Hit (play)
ببین bebin See
بگو begu Say
دانستن dānīstan Know

These irregular forms are essential to remember as they are commonly used in conversation.

Negative Imperative[edit | edit source]

To form a negative imperative in Persian, you typically use the word "نکن" (nakan) for "do not." This is followed by the root form of the verb. Here’s how it works:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
نخوان nakhān Don't read
نرو naro Don't go
ننویس nanvis Don't write
نپرس napors Don't ask
نزن nazan Don't hit (play)

Using the negative imperative allows you to express prohibitions clearly and effectively.

Expressing Permission and Prohibition[edit | edit source]

In Persian, you can also express permission or prohibition using specific phrases. Here are a few examples:

  • برای رفتن اجازه داری؟ (Barāye raftan ejāze dāri?) – Do you have permission to go?
  • نرو! (Naro!) – Don’t go!
  • می‌توانی بیایی؟ (Mitavāni biyāyi?) – Can you come?

These phrases are practical for everyday situations where permission or prohibition is necessary.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about the imperative mood, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Form the Imperative[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Write the imperative form for the following verbs.

1. (بخواب) – to sleep

2. (بزن) – to hit/play

3. (بخر) – to buy

Answers:

1. بخواب (bikhāb) – Sleep

2. بزن (bezan) – Hit/Play

3. بخر (bekhar) – Buy

Exercise 2: Negative Imperative[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Convert the following commands into negative imperatives.

1. بخوان (Read)

2. برو (Go)

3. بخر (Buy)

Answers:

1. نخوان (nakhān) – Don’t read

2. نرو (naro) – Don’t go

3. نخر (nakhār) – Don’t buy

Exercise 3: Permission or Prohibition[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Decide if the following sentences express permission or prohibition.

1. می‌توانی بیایی؟

2. نرو!

3. اجازه داری؟

Answers:

1. Permission

2. Prohibition

3. Permission

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the correct imperative form of the verb provided.

1. (بیا) _____

2. (بپرس) _____

3. (نخر) _____

Answers:

1. بیا (biyā) – Come

2. بپرس (bepors) – Ask

3. نخر (nakhār) – Don’t buy

Exercise 5: Translate the Commands[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Translate the following commands into Persian.

1. Don’t talk.

2. Come here.

3. Don’t look.

Answers:

1. نگو (nagū) – Don’t talk.

2. بیا اینجا (biyā injā) – Come here.

3. نگاه نکن (negāh nakon) – Don’t look.

Exercise 6: Create Your Own Imperatives[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Write three commands you would use in a daily conversation.

Example Answers:

1. بخوان (bikhān) – Read.

2. بنویس (benevis) – Write.

3. برو خانه (boro khāneh) – Go home.

Exercise 7: Identify the Verb Forms[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Identify the verb form (imperative or negative) for the following sentences.

1. نرو!

2. بخر.

3. نپرس.

Answers:

1. Negative Imperative

2. Imperative

3. Negative Imperative

Exercise 8: Matching Exercise[edit | edit source]

Match the command with its translation.

1. بیا (a) Don’t go

2. نخوان (b) Come

3. برو (c) Don’t read

Answers:

1. (b) Come

2. (c) Don’t read

3. (a) Don’t go

Exercise 9: Fill in the Gaps[edit | edit source]

Instruction: Use the correct form of the imperative or negative imperative in the following sentences.

1. _____ (بیا) زود!

2. _____ (نرو) به آنجا!

3. _____ (بپرس) سوال!

Answers:

1. بیا (biyā) – Come quickly!

2. نرو (naro) – Don’t go there!

3. بپرس (bepors) – Ask a question!

Exercise 10: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Instruction: In pairs, practice giving commands and asking for permission using the imperative mood.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing Lesson 20! You’ve learned how to use the imperative mood in Persian and how to express commands, permission, and prohibition. This foundational skill will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in everyday situations.

As you continue your journey in learning Iranian Persian, remember to practice these structures in your conversations. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. Keep up the great work, and see you in the next lesson!

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions


Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation


Unit 3: Talking about daily routines


Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns


Unit 5: Persian culture and customs


Unit 6: Food and drink


Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation


Unit 8: Persian literature and arts


Unit 9: Travel and transportation


Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences


Unit 11: Persian history and geography


Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Lesson 19: Travel preparations and bookings — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 21: Using infinitives ▶️

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