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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/French|French]]  → [[Language/French/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/French/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Agreement of Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/French|French]]  → [[Language/French/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/French/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Agreement of Adjectives</div>


In the previous lesson, we learned about the formation and use of adjectives in French. We discovered that adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and they agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. In this lesson, we will delve deeper into the agreement of adjectives with nouns in French. Understanding and mastering this concept is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ourselves accurately in French.
Welcome to today's lesson on the '''Agreement of Adjectives''' in French! Understanding how adjectives agree with nouns is essential for mastering the French language, as it affects clarity and expression. In French, adjectives must match the nouns they describe in both '''gender''' (masculine or feminine) and '''number''' (singular or plural). This lesson is particularly important for beginners, as it lays the groundwork for constructing accurate and meaningful sentences.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the following topics:


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Agreement of Adjectives with Nouns ==
=== Importance of Adjective Agreement ===
In French, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. This means that if the noun is feminine, the adjective must also be feminine, and if the noun is plural, the adjective must also be plural. Let's explore the rules and patterns for adjective agreement in more detail.
 
Adjectives enrich our language by adding detail and color to our descriptions. For example, saying "a beautiful flower" provides a clearer image than simply saying "a flower." In French, the adjective must agree with the noun it modifies, which means that if you're describing a feminine noun, you'll use a feminine form of the adjective. This concept may seem simple, but it is crucial for effective communication in French.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
* Overview of Adjective Agreement
 
* Gender and Number Agreement
 
* Examples of Agreement in Context
 
* Exercises for Practice
 
* Summary of Key Points
 
== Overview of Adjective Agreement ==
 
In French, adjectives can be categorized primarily by their '''gender''' (masculine or feminine) and '''number''' (singular or plural). Here’s a straightforward definition:
 
* '''Masculine singular''': The default form of the adjective.
 
* '''Feminine singular''': Often formed by adding an "-e" to the masculine form.
 
* '''Masculine plural''': Formed by adding an "-s" to the masculine singular.
 
* '''Feminine plural''': Formed by adding an "-es" to the feminine singular.
 
This might seem overwhelming, but fear not! With practice, it will become second nature.
 
=== Gender and Number Agreement ===
 
Let’s break down how adjectives change based on the gender and number of the nouns they modify.
 
==== Masculine and Feminine Forms ====
 
Most adjectives in French have distinct masculine and feminine forms. Here are some general rules:
 
* For adjectives ending in a consonant, add "-e" to form the feminine.
 
* For those already ending in "-e," the form remains the same in the feminine.
 
Examples of gender agreement include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| grand (masculine) || ɡʁɑ̃ || big
 
|-
 
| grande (feminine) || ɡʁɑ̃d || big
 
|-
 
| petit (masculine) || pə.ti || small
 
|-
 
| petite (feminine) || pə.tit || small
 
|-
 
| heureux (masculine) || ø.ʁø || happy
 
|-
 
| heureuse (feminine) || ø.ʁøz || happy
 
|}
 
==== Singular and Plural Forms ====
 
Next, we’ll look at how to form plural adjectives. Generally, adding an "-s" to the masculine or feminine singular form will create the plural.
 
Examples of number agreement include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| un livre intéressant (singular) || ɛ̃ li.vʁ ɛ̃.te.ʁɛ.sɑ̃ || an interesting book
 
|-
 
| des livres intéressants (plural) || de li.vʁ ɛ̃.te.ʁɛ.sɑ̃ || interesting books
 
|-
 
| une voiture rouge (singular) || yn vwa.tyʁ ʁuʒ || a red car
 
|-
 
| des voitures rouges (plural) || de vwa.tyʁ ʁuʒ || red cars
 
|}
 
== Examples of Agreement in Context ==
 
To illustrate the rules of adjective agreement, let's consider how adjectives work in sentences. Here are 20 examples that showcase both gender and number agreement:
 
1. '''Le chat noir''' (The black cat - masculine singular)
 
2. '''La chatte noire''' (The black cat - feminine singular)
 
3. '''Les chats noirs''' (The black cats - masculine plural)
 
4. '''Les chattes noires''' (The black cats - feminine plural)
 
5. '''Un homme gentil''' (A kind man - masculine singular)
 
6. '''Une femme gentille''' (A kind woman - feminine singular)
 
7. '''Des hommes gentils''' (Kind men - masculine plural)
 
8. '''Des femmes gentilles''' (Kind women - feminine plural)
 
9. '''Le livre intéressant''' (The interesting book - masculine singular)
 
10. '''La lettre intéressante''' (The interesting letter - feminine singular)
 
11. '''Les livres intéressants''' (The interesting books - masculine plural)
 
12. '''Les lettres intéressantes''' (The interesting letters - feminine plural)
 
13. '''Un chien mignon''' (A cute dog - masculine singular)
 
14. '''Une chienne mignonne''' (A cute dog - feminine singular)
 
15. '''Des chiens mignons''' (Cute dogs - masculine plural)
 
16. '''Des chiennes mignonnes''' (Cute dogs - feminine plural)
 
17. '''Le gâteau délicieux''' (The delicious cake - masculine singular)
 
18. '''La tarte délicieuse''' (The delicious pie - feminine singular)
 
19. '''Les gâteaux délicieux''' (The delicious cakes - masculine plural)
 
20. '''Les tartes délicieuses''' (The delicious pies - feminine plural)
 
As you can see from these examples, the adjectives change form based on the gender and number of the nouns they describe.
 
== Exercises for Practice ==
 
Now that you understand the concept of adjective agreement, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are 10 exercises designed to help you practice what you’ve learned.


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Feminine Nouns ===
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
When an adjective modifies a singular feminine noun, it usually takes an -e ending to agree with the noun. For example:
* Un chat noir (A black cat) - The adjective "noir" ends in -e to agree with the feminine noun "chat."


However, there are some exceptions to this rule. Some adjectives do not change their form when modifying feminine nouns. These adjectives typically end in -e, -é, or -u. For example:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.
* Un café chaud (A hot coffee) - The adjective "chaud" does not change its form when modifying the feminine noun "café."


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Plural Nouns ===
1. La maison est __________. (beau)
When an adjective modifies a plural noun, it usually takes an -s ending to agree with the noun. For example:
* Des chiens gentils (Nice dogs) - The adjective "gentils" ends in -s to agree with the plural noun "chiens."


However, just like with feminine nouns, there are exceptions to this rule. Some adjectives do not change their form when modifying plural nouns. These adjectives typically end in -s or -x. For example:
2. Les filles sont __________. (drôle)
* Des enfants heureux (Happy children) - The adjective "heureux" does not change its form when modifying the plural noun "enfants."


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Feminine Plural Nouns ===
3. Mon frère est __________. (grand)
When an adjective modifies a feminine plural noun, it usually takes an -es ending to agree with the noun. For example:
* Les fleurs rouges (The red flowers) - The adjective "rouges" ends in -es to agree with the feminine plural noun "fleurs."


Similarly to the previous cases, there are exceptions to this rule. Some adjectives do not change their form when modifying feminine plural nouns. These adjectives typically end in -es or -s. For example:
4. Ma sœur est __________. (petit)
* Les maisons bleues (The blue houses) - The adjective "bleues" does not change its form when modifying the feminine plural noun "maisons."


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Nouns Beginning with a Vowel ===
5. Les enfants sont __________. (heureux)
When an adjective modifies a noun that begins with a vowel, it takes the masculine singular form, regardless of the gender and number of the noun. For example:
* Un animal intelligent (An intelligent animal) - The adjective "intelligent" retains its masculine singular form, even though the noun "animal" is masculine and singular.


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Compound Nouns ===
=== Exercise 2: Match the Adjective ===
When an adjective modifies a compound noun, it agrees in gender and number with the main noun. The main noun is usually the last noun in the compound. For example:
* Un livre franco-américain (A Franco-American book) - The adjective "franco-américain" agrees with the masculine singular noun "livre."


It's important to note that if the compound noun is made up of a masculine and a feminine noun, the adjective takes the masculine form. For example:
Match the noun with the correct adjective.
* Une voiture franco-allemande (A Franco-German car) - The adjective "franco-allemande" takes the masculine form, even though the noun "voiture" is feminine.


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Proper Nouns ===
1. Un chien (a dog)
When an adjective modifies a proper noun, it usually takes the masculine singular form. This is because proper nouns are considered gender-neutral in French. For example:
* Le Paris romantique (Romantic Paris) - The adjective "romantique" retains its masculine singular form, even though the noun "Paris" is feminine.


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Indefinite Pronouns ===
a) noir 
When an adjective modifies an indefinite pronoun, it agrees in gender and number with the noun it replaces. For example:
* Quelques bonnes nouvelles (Some good news) - The adjective "bonnes" agrees with the feminine plural noun "nouvelles" that the indefinite pronoun "quelques" replaces.


=== Agreement of Adjectives with Numbers ===
b) noire 
When an adjective modifies a number, it agrees in gender and number with the noun it quantifies. For example:
* Deux grandes maisons (Two big houses) - The adjective "grandes" agrees with the feminine plural noun "maisons" that the number "deux" quantifies.


== Exceptions and Irregularities ==
2. Une voiture (a car) 
While we have discussed the general rules and patterns for adjective agreement in French, it's important to note that there are exceptions and irregularities. Here are a few common exceptions to be aware of:


* Some adjectives have irregular feminine forms. For example:
a) rouge 
** Un grand arbre (A big tree) - Une grande maison (A big house)
** Un bon livre (A good book) - Une bonne idée (A good idea)
** Un gros chien (A big dog) - Une grosse voiture (A big car)


* Some adjectives have irregular plural forms. For example:
b) rouge 
** Un nouvel ami (A new friend) - De nouveaux amis (Some new friends)
** Un bel homme (A handsome man) - De beaux paysages (Some beautiful landscapes)
** Un vieux livre (An old book) - De vieux objets (Some old objects)


* Some adjectives do not change their form at all. These are called invariable adjectives. For example:
=== Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Form ===
** Un élégant costume (An elegant suit) - Des élégants costumes (Elegant suits)
** Un orange fruit (An orange fruit) - Des orange fruits (Orange fruits)


It's important to familiarize yourself with these exceptions and irregularities in order to use adjectives correctly in French.
Choose the correct form of the adjective to complete the sentence.


== Practice Exercises ==
1. Voici un livre __________. (intéressant / intéressante)
To reinforce your understanding of adjective agreement, let's practice with some exercises. For each sentence, choose the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to agree with the noun.


1. J'ai acheté une (nouveau / nouvelle) voiture.
2. Ce sont des filles __________. (gentil / gentilles)
2. Les (petit / petite) filles jouent dans le parc.
3. Il a vu deux (joli / jolie) maisons dans cette rue.
4. Nous avons mangé des (délicieux / délicieuse) gâteaux.
5. Tu as rencontré un (sympathiques / sympathique) professeur de français.
6. Je suis allé à la (beau / belle) plage hier.
7. Les (grands / grandes) arbres du parc sont magnifiques.
8. Elle a commandé une (bon / bonne) soupe à l'oignon.


== Conclusion ==
=== Exercise 4: Translation ===
Congratulations! You have now mastered the agreement of adjectives with nouns in French. By understanding and applying the rules and patterns we have discussed, you will be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and communicate more effectively in French. In the next lesson, we will explore the formation and use of comparative and superlative adjectives. Keep up the great work!
 
Translate the following phrases into French, paying attention to adjective agreement.
 
1. The tall man.
 
2. The small women.
 
3. The delicious cakes.
 
=== Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. Les chats noir sont mignons.
 
2. Une voiture rouge est rapide.
 
3. Des livres intéressants est sur la table.
 
== Solutions and Explanations ==
 
Now let’s go through the exercises together to ensure you grasp the concepts.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. La maison est '''belle'''.
 
2. Les filles sont '''drôles'''.
 
3. Mon frère est '''grand'''.
 
4. Ma sœur est '''petite'''.
 
5. Les enfants sont '''heureux'''.
 
'''Explanation''': Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns.
 
=== Exercise 2: Match the Adjective ===
 
1. Un chien (a dog) — '''a) noir'''
 
2. Une voiture (a car) — '''a) rouge'''
 
'''Explanation''': The masculine form of "noir" matches with "chien," while "rouge" remains the same for feminine "voiture."
 
=== Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Form ===
 
1. Voici un livre '''intéressant'''.
 
2. Ce sont des filles '''gentilles'''.
 
'''Explanation''': The first sentence uses the masculine form, while the second uses the feminine plural form.
 
=== Exercise 4: Translation ===
 
1. L'homme grand.
 
2. Les femmes petites.
 
3. Les gâteaux délicieux.
 
'''Explanation''': Remember to adjust the adjectives based on the gender and number of nouns.
 
=== Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
1. Les chats '''noirs''' sont mignons.
 
2. Une voiture rouge est rapide. (Correct as it is.)
 
3. Des livres intéressants '''sont''' sur la table.
 
'''Explanation''': The first sentence needed the plural form of "noir," while the last sentence needed a verb to be complete.
 
== Summary of Key Points ==
 
* French adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
 
* Masculine singular adjectives are the default form; feminine forms are typically created by adding "-e."
 
* Plural forms are created by adding "-s" to the singular forms.
 
* Practice is essential for mastering adjective agreement!
 
Thank you for joining this lesson on adjective agreement in French! Keep practicing, and soon it will feel effortless. Remember, the beauty of the French language lies not only in its grammar but also in the culture it represents. Don't hesitate to explore French art, films, and cuisine to deepen your understanding and appreciation of the language.


{{#seo:
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|keywords=French grammar, adjectives, agreement of adjectives, French adjectives, French language, French course, beginner French, A1 French
|title=French Grammar: Agreement of Adjectives
|description=In this lesson, you will master the agreement of French adjectives with nouns. Learn the rules and patterns for adjective agreement and practice with exercises.
 
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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 21:30, 29 July 2024

◀️ Futur Proche — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ▶️

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French → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Agreement of Adjectives

Welcome to today's lesson on the Agreement of Adjectives in French! Understanding how adjectives agree with nouns is essential for mastering the French language, as it affects clarity and expression. In French, adjectives must match the nouns they describe in both gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). This lesson is particularly important for beginners, as it lays the groundwork for constructing accurate and meaningful sentences.

In this lesson, we will explore the following topics:

Importance of Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

Adjectives enrich our language by adding detail and color to our descriptions. For example, saying "a beautiful flower" provides a clearer image than simply saying "a flower." In French, the adjective must agree with the noun it modifies, which means that if you're describing a feminine noun, you'll use a feminine form of the adjective. This concept may seem simple, but it is crucial for effective communication in French.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

  • Overview of Adjective Agreement
  • Gender and Number Agreement
  • Examples of Agreement in Context
  • Exercises for Practice
  • Summary of Key Points

Overview of Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

In French, adjectives can be categorized primarily by their gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). Here’s a straightforward definition:

  • Masculine singular: The default form of the adjective.
  • Feminine singular: Often formed by adding an "-e" to the masculine form.
  • Masculine plural: Formed by adding an "-s" to the masculine singular.
  • Feminine plural: Formed by adding an "-es" to the feminine singular.

This might seem overwhelming, but fear not! With practice, it will become second nature.

Gender and Number Agreement[edit | edit source]

Let’s break down how adjectives change based on the gender and number of the nouns they modify.

Masculine and Feminine Forms[edit | edit source]

Most adjectives in French have distinct masculine and feminine forms. Here are some general rules:

  • For adjectives ending in a consonant, add "-e" to form the feminine.
  • For those already ending in "-e," the form remains the same in the feminine.

Examples of gender agreement include:

French Pronunciation English
grand (masculine) ɡʁɑ̃ big
grande (feminine) ɡʁɑ̃d big
petit (masculine) pə.ti small
petite (feminine) pə.tit small
heureux (masculine) ø.ʁø happy
heureuse (feminine) ø.ʁøz happy

Singular and Plural Forms[edit | edit source]

Next, we’ll look at how to form plural adjectives. Generally, adding an "-s" to the masculine or feminine singular form will create the plural.

Examples of number agreement include:

French Pronunciation English
un livre intéressant (singular) ɛ̃ li.vʁ ɛ̃.te.ʁɛ.sɑ̃ an interesting book
des livres intéressants (plural) de li.vʁ ɛ̃.te.ʁɛ.sɑ̃ interesting books
une voiture rouge (singular) yn vwa.tyʁ ʁuʒ a red car
des voitures rouges (plural) de vwa.tyʁ ʁuʒ red cars

Examples of Agreement in Context[edit | edit source]

To illustrate the rules of adjective agreement, let's consider how adjectives work in sentences. Here are 20 examples that showcase both gender and number agreement:

1. Le chat noir (The black cat - masculine singular)

2. La chatte noire (The black cat - feminine singular)

3. Les chats noirs (The black cats - masculine plural)

4. Les chattes noires (The black cats - feminine plural)

5. Un homme gentil (A kind man - masculine singular)

6. Une femme gentille (A kind woman - feminine singular)

7. Des hommes gentils (Kind men - masculine plural)

8. Des femmes gentilles (Kind women - feminine plural)

9. Le livre intéressant (The interesting book - masculine singular)

10. La lettre intéressante (The interesting letter - feminine singular)

11. Les livres intéressants (The interesting books - masculine plural)

12. Les lettres intéressantes (The interesting letters - feminine plural)

13. Un chien mignon (A cute dog - masculine singular)

14. Une chienne mignonne (A cute dog - feminine singular)

15. Des chiens mignons (Cute dogs - masculine plural)

16. Des chiennes mignonnes (Cute dogs - feminine plural)

17. Le gâteau délicieux (The delicious cake - masculine singular)

18. La tarte délicieuse (The delicious pie - feminine singular)

19. Les gâteaux délicieux (The delicious cakes - masculine plural)

20. Les tartes délicieuses (The delicious pies - feminine plural)

As you can see from these examples, the adjectives change form based on the gender and number of the nouns they describe.

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now that you understand the concept of adjective agreement, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are 10 exercises designed to help you practice what you’ve learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.

1. La maison est __________. (beau)

2. Les filles sont __________. (drôle)

3. Mon frère est __________. (grand)

4. Ma sœur est __________. (petit)

5. Les enfants sont __________. (heureux)

Exercise 2: Match the Adjective[edit | edit source]

Match the noun with the correct adjective.

1. Un chien (a dog)

a) noir

b) noire

2. Une voiture (a car)

a) rouge

b) rouge

Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct form of the adjective to complete the sentence.

1. Voici un livre __________. (intéressant / intéressante)

2. Ce sont des filles __________. (gentil / gentilles)

Exercise 4: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following phrases into French, paying attention to adjective agreement.

1. The tall man.

2. The small women.

3. The delicious cakes.

Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Les chats noir sont mignons.

2. Une voiture rouge est rapide.

3. Des livres intéressants est sur la table.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now let’s go through the exercises together to ensure you grasp the concepts.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. La maison est belle.

2. Les filles sont drôles.

3. Mon frère est grand.

4. Ma sœur est petite.

5. Les enfants sont heureux.

Explanation: Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns.

Exercise 2: Match the Adjective[edit | edit source]

1. Un chien (a dog) — a) noir

2. Une voiture (a car) — a) rouge

Explanation: The masculine form of "noir" matches with "chien," while "rouge" remains the same for feminine "voiture."

Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

1. Voici un livre intéressant.

2. Ce sont des filles gentilles.

Explanation: The first sentence uses the masculine form, while the second uses the feminine plural form.

Exercise 4: Translation[edit | edit source]

1. L'homme grand.

2. Les femmes petites.

3. Les gâteaux délicieux.

Explanation: Remember to adjust the adjectives based on the gender and number of nouns.

Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

1. Les chats noirs sont mignons.

2. Une voiture rouge est rapide. (Correct as it is.)

3. Des livres intéressants sont sur la table.

Explanation: The first sentence needed the plural form of "noir," while the last sentence needed a verb to be complete.

Summary of Key Points[edit | edit source]

  • French adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
  • Masculine singular adjectives are the default form; feminine forms are typically created by adding "-e."
  • Plural forms are created by adding "-s" to the singular forms.
  • Practice is essential for mastering adjective agreement!

Thank you for joining this lesson on adjective agreement in French! Keep practicing, and soon it will feel effortless. Remember, the beauty of the French language lies not only in its grammar but also in the culture it represents. Don't hesitate to explore French art, films, and cuisine to deepen your understanding and appreciation of the language.

Table of Contents - French Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Nouns and Articles


Verbs and Tenses


Adjectives and Adverbs


Negation and Interrogation


Numbers and Time


Family and Relationships


Food and Drink


Hobbies and Interests


Geography and Travel


French Culture and Arts


French History and Society

Videos[edit | edit source]

French adjective agreement basic - YouTube[edit | edit source]

French Adjectives 3 - Adjectives and Agreements - YouTube[edit | edit source]

French Lesson 94 - Adjectives Singular Plural Agreement Rules ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Futur Proche — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ▶️

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