Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Future-Tense"

Latest revision as of 04:43, 22 June 2023

◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️

Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past and Future Tenses → Future Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the future tense in Dari, an important aspect of the language that allows us to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. Understanding the future tense is essential for effective communication in Dari, as it enables us to talk about plans, intentions, predictions, and expectations. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.

Forming the Future Tense[edit | edit source]

To form the future tense in Dari, we primarily use the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) which means "will" in English. The auxiliary verb is followed by the base form of the main verb. Let's take a look at some examples:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
آن خواهد آمد.	ān khāhad āmad.	He will come.
تو غذا خواهی خورد.	to ghazā khāhī khord.	You will eat food.
ما به کلاس خواهیم رفت.	mā be kels khāhim raft.	We will go to the class.
شما کتاب خواهید خواند.	shomā ketāb khāhīd khānd.	You will read a book.
آنها خواهند خندید.	ānhā khāhand khandid.	They will laugh.

It's important to note that the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) does not change based on the subject. It remains the same for all pronouns. Only the base form of the main verb changes based on the subject.

Usage of the Future Tense[edit | edit source]

The future tense is used in various situations in Dari. Let's explore some of the common ways in which it is used:

1. Expressing Future Actions or Events[edit | edit source]

One of the primary uses of the future tense is to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. For example:

آنها فردا به کافه می‌روند.

(ānhā fardā be kāfe miravand.) They will go to the cafe tomorrow.

من فردا با دوستم دیدار می‌کنم.

(man fardā bā dustam didār mikonam.) I will meet my friend tomorrow.

In these examples, the future tense is used to convey the idea that the action of going to the cafe and meeting the friend will take place in the future.

2. Making Predictions or Assumptions[edit | edit source]

The future tense can also be used to make predictions or assumptions about future events. For example:

فکر می‌کنم فردا باران می‌بارد.

(fekr mikonam fardā bārān mibārad.) I think it will rain tomorrow.

شاید او فردا بیاید.

(shāyad ū fardā biāyad.) Maybe he will come tomorrow.

In these examples, the future tense is used to express the speaker's thoughts, predictions, or assumptions about future events.

3. Talking about Plans or Intentions[edit | edit source]

The future tense is commonly used to talk about plans or intentions. For example:

من فردا به سینما می‌روم.

(man fardā be sinemā miravam.) I will go to the cinema tomorrow.

او تصمیم گرفته است فردا به گیم‌سنتر برود.

(ū tasmeem gerefte ast fardā be game-senter beravad.) He has decided to go to the game center tomorrow.

Here, the future tense is used to convey the speaker's plans or intentions for the future.

Simple Future vs. Continuous Future[edit | edit source]

In Dari, the future tense can be expressed in two forms: the simple future and the continuous future. Let's explore the difference between these two forms:

Simple Future[edit | edit source]

The simple future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future without any interruption. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) followed by the base form of the main verb. Here are some examples:

آنها فردا خواهند آمد.

(ānhā fardā khāhand āmad.) They will come tomorrow.

شما به پارک خواهید رفت.

(shomā be pārk khāhīd raft.) You will go to the park.

Continuous Future[edit | edit source]

The continuous future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future with a sense of continuity or duration. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "دارد" (dārad) meaning "will be" followed by the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. Let's look at some examples:

آنها فردا خواهند بود.

(ānhā fardā khāhand bood.) They will be coming tomorrow.

شما در حال خواهید رفت.

(shomā dar hāl khāhīd raft.) You will be going.

The continuous future tense emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action or event in the future.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage of the future tense in Dari is influenced by cultural factors and historical reasons. In Afghan culture, for example, there is often a strong emphasis on planning and making future arrangements. It is common for individuals to discuss their plans and intentions for the future in conversations. This cultural context has led to the frequent use of the future tense in Dari language. Additionally, Afghanistan's historical experiences, including periods of war and instability, have shaped the way Afghans think about and talk about the future. The future tense can be used to express hope, optimism, and a sense of moving forward.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice what we have learned. Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the future tense:

1. She will study for the exam tomorrow. 2. We will visit our grandparents next week. 3. Will you come to the party? 4. I will buy a new car in the future. 5. They will learn Dari in this course.

Solution:

1. او فردا برای آزمون مطالعه خواهد کرد. (ū fardā barāy-e āzmūn motāle'eh khāhad kard.)

2. ما هفته آینده به مادربزرگ‌هایمان سر خواهیم زد. (mā hafte-ye āyande be mādarbozorg-hā-ye mān sar khāhim zad.)

3. آیا تو به مهمانی می‌آیی؟ (āyā to be mehmāni miāī?)

4. من در آینده یک ماشین جدید خرید خواهم کرد. (man dar āyande yek māshīn-e jadīd kharīd khāham kard.)

5. آنها در این دوره داری را خواهند آموخت. (ānhā dar īn dore dāri rā khāhand āmūkht.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future. This knowledge will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari and express future actions, plans, and predictions. Keep practicing and incorporating the future tense into your conversations to solidify your understanding. Well done!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negations

Weather and Seasons

Past and Future Tenses

Dari Literature and Media

Videos[edit | edit source]

Future tense in Farsi Dari language - آموزش زبان فارسی دری - زمان ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

A Learner's Grammar of Dari

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Culture/Famous-Dari-Writers|Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Dari-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past and Future Tenses → Future Tense</div>
 __TOC__
 == Introduction ==
-In Dari, the future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
+In this lesson, we will delve into the future tense in Dari, an important aspect of the language that allows us to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. Understanding the future tense is essential for effective communication in Dari, as it enables us to talk about plans, intentions, predictions, and expectations. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
+== Forming the Future Tense ==
-<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
+To form the future tense in Dari, we primarily use the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) which means "will" in English. The auxiliary verb is followed by the base form of the main verb. Let's take a look at some examples:
-== Formation of the Future Tense ==
-To form the future tense in Dari, you need to use the present tense base form of the verb and add specific suffixes. The suffixes used for the future tense are "-وه" and "-يم".
-The suffix "-وه" is added to the end of the verb to indicate the simple future tense. It is used for the third person singular and plural subjects. The suffix "-يم" is added to the end of the verb to indicate the continuous future tense. It is used for all subjects.
-Here is the table below showing the formation of the future tense:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Person !! Simple Future Suffix !! Continuous Future Suffix
+! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| First Person Singular (I) || نمی‌ + Verb + يم || Verb +  "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + يم
+| آن خواهد آمد. || ān khāhad āmad. || He will come.
 |-
-| Second Person Singular (You) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| تو غذا خواهی خورد. || to ghazā khāhī khord. || You will eat food.
 |-
-| Third Person Singular (He or She) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| ما به کلاس خواهیم رفت. || mā be kels khāhim raft. || We will go to the class.
 |-
-| First Person Plural (We) || نمی‌ + Verb + یم || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + يم
+| شما کتاب خواهید خواند. || shomā ketāb khāhīd khānd. || You will read a book.
 |-
-| Second Person Plural (You) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
+| آنها خواهند خندید. || ānhā khāhand khandid. || They will laugh.
-|-
-| Third Person Plural (They) || نمی‌ + Verb + وه || Verb + "در حال" + می‌ + "انجام" + Verb + وه
 |}
-For example, to say "I will eat" in Dari, you can say "نمی‌خورم" for simple future or "من در حال خوردن هستم" for continuous future.
+It's important to note that the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) does not change based on the subject. It remains the same for all pronouns. Only the base form of the main verb changes based on the subject.
 == Usage of the Future Tense ==
-The future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. It is often used to make plans, arrangements, or predictions about the future.
+The future tense is used in various situations in Dari. Let's explore some of the common ways in which it is used:
+=== 1. Expressing Future Actions or Events ===
+One of the primary uses of the future tense is to express actions or events that will happen after the present moment. For example:
-Here are some examples of how the future tense can be used in Dari:
+* آنها فردا به کافه می‌روند.
+(ānhā fardā be kāfe miravand.)
+They will go to the cafe tomorrow.
-* بعد از شام، کتاب می‌خوانم.
+* من فردا با دوستم دیدار می‌کنم.
-(Baad az shaam, ketab mikhaanam.)
+(man fardā bā dustam didār mikonam.)
-After dinner, I will read a book.
+I will meet my friend tomorrow.
-* فردا صبح، او با دوستش قرار می‌گذارد.
+In these examples, the future tense is used to convey the idea that the action of going to the cafe and meeting the friend will take place in the future.
-(Farda sobh, u ba dustash gharar migzarad.)
-Tomorrow morning, he is meeting his friend.
-* ما به هند خواهیم رفت.
+=== 2. Making Predictions or Assumptions ===
-(Maa be Hind khahim raft.)
-We will go to India.
-* آیا فردا باران می‌بارد؟
+The future tense can also be used to make predictions or assumptions about future events. For example:
-(Aaya farda baaran mibaarad?)
-Will it rain tomorrow?
-== Simple vs Continuous Future ==
+* فکر می‌کنم فردا باران می‌بارد.
+(fekr mikonam fardā bārān mibārad.)
+I think it will rain tomorrow.
-In Dari, the difference between the simple and continuous future is the duration of the action or event. The simple future tense is used for actions or events that will be completed in the future at a specific time, while the continuous future tense is used for actions or events that will be ongoing or in progress in the future.
+* شاید او فردا بیاید.
+(shāyad ū fardā biāyad.)
+Maybe he will come tomorrow.
-Here are two examples below:
+In these examples, the future tense is used to express the speaker's thoughts, predictions, or assumptions about future events.
-* ساعت ۷ بعد از ظهر، من خانه می‌روم. (Saat 7 baad az zohr, man khane miravam.)
-At 7 o'clock in the afternoon, I will go home. (simple future - the action will be completed in the future at a specific time)
-* فردا من در حال نوشتن کتاب خود هستم. (Farda man dar haal noosh-e-tan-e ketab-e khod hastam.)
+=== 3. Talking about Plans or Intentions ===
-Tomorrow, I will be writing my book. (continuous future - the action will be ongoing or in progress in the future)
-== Exercises ==
+The future tense is commonly used to talk about plans or intentions. For example:
-. Translate the following sentences into Dari:
+* من فردا به سینما می‌روم.
+(man fardā be sinemā miravam.)
+I will go to the cinema tomorrow.
-* They will read a book tomorrow.
+* او تصمیم گرفته است فردا به گیم‌سنتر برود.
-* I will visit my family next week.
+(ū tasmeem gerefte ast fardā be game-senter beravad.)
-* Will you come to my birthday party?
+He has decided to go to the game center tomorrow.
-* The train will arrive at the station at 10 pm.
-. Write ten sentences in Dari using the future tense.
+Here, the future tense is used to convey the speaker's plans or intentions for the future.
+== Simple Future vs. Continuous Future ==
+In Dari, the future tense can be expressed in two forms: the simple future and the continuous future. Let's explore the difference between these two forms:
+=== Simple Future ===
+The simple future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future without any interruption. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "خواهد" (khāhad) followed by the base form of the main verb. Here are some examples:
+* آنها فردا خواهند آمد.
+(ānhā fardā khāhand āmad.)
+They will come tomorrow.
+* شما به پارک خواهید رفت.
+(shomā be pārk khāhīd raft.)
+You will go to the park.
+=== Continuous Future ===
+The continuous future tense is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future with a sense of continuity or duration. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "دارد" (dārad) meaning "will be" followed by the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. Let's look at some examples:
+* آنها فردا خواهند بود.
+(ānhā fardā khāhand bood.)
+They will be coming tomorrow.
+* شما در حال خواهید رفت.
+(shomā dar hāl khāhīd raft.)
+You will be going.
+The continuous future tense emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action or event in the future.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+The usage of the future tense in Dari is influenced by cultural factors and historical reasons. In Afghan culture, for example, there is often a strong emphasis on planning and making future arrangements. It is common for individuals to discuss their plans and intentions for the future in conversations. This cultural context has led to the frequent use of the future tense in Dari language. Additionally, Afghanistan's historical experiences, including periods of war and instability, have shaped the way Afghans think about and talk about the future. The future tense can be used to express hope, optimism, and a sense of moving forward.
+== Practice Exercises ==
+Now, let's practice what we have learned. Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the future tense:
+. She will study for the exam tomorrow.
+. We will visit our grandparents next week.
+. Will you come to the party?
+. I will buy a new car in the future.
+. They will learn Dari in this course.
+Solution:
+. او فردا برای آزمون مطالعه خواهد کرد.
+(ū fardā barāy-e āzmūn motāle'eh khāhad kard.)
+. ما هفته آینده به مادربزرگ‌هایمان سر خواهیم زد.
+(mā hafte-ye āyande be mādarbozorg-hā-ye mān sar khāhim zad.)
+. آیا تو به مهمانی می‌آیی؟
+(āyā to be mehmāni miāī?)
+. من در آینده یک ماشین جدید خرید خواهم کرد.
+(man dar āyande yek māshīn-e jadīd kharīd khāham kard.)
+. آنها در این دوره داری را خواهند آموخت.
+(ānhā dar īn dore dāri rā khāhand āmūkht.)
 == Conclusion ==
-In this lesson, you learned how to form the future tense in Dari, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future. You also got some exercises to practice and improve your skills in using the future tense. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel confident in talking about future events or actions in Dari.
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future. This knowledge will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari and express future actions, plans, and predictions. Keep practicing and incorporating the future tense into your conversations to solidify your understanding. Well done!
-<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions|Basic Prepositions]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Dari Grammar: Past and Future Tenses: Future Tense
+|title=Dari Grammar → Past and Future Tenses → Future Tense
-|keywords=Dari language,future tense Dari,continuous future tense Dari,simple future tense Dari
+|keywords=Dari grammar, future tense in Dari, forming future tense, simple future, continuous future
-|description=Learn about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the future tense in Dari, including how to form it, its usage in sentences, and the difference between the simple and continuous future.
 }}
@@ Line 100: / Line 159: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 108: / Line 165: @@
 ===Future tense in Farsi Dari language - آموزش زبان فارسی دری - زمان ...===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYiQ8uBa_1Y</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles|Definite and Indefinite Articles]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions|Basic Prepositions]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
+* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Describing-People-and-Things|Describing People and Things]]
 {{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dari/Culture/Famous-Dari-Writers|Next Lesson — Famous Dari Writers ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>