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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Armenian Punctuation Rules → Apostrophes and Hyphens</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → Apostrophes and Hyphens</div>
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Welcome to the lesson on Armenian punctuation rules, specifically focusing on the usage of apostrophes and hyphens. As a language teacher for over two decades, I have seen a fair share of confusion and mistakes when it comes to these punctuation marks, but with guidance and practice, you will master their proper usage in no time. Let's begin!
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, we will explore the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text. Punctuation marks play a crucial role in written communication, as they help clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and convey specific grammatical structures. Apostrophes and hyphens are two punctuation marks that are frequently used in Armenian, and understanding their rules and usage is essential for effective writing. Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of how to use apostrophes and hyphens correctly, providing numerous examples and exercises to reinforce your understanding. So let's get started!


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]].</span>
== Apostrophes ==
== Apostrophes ==


Apostrophes are used in Armenian for two main purposes: to indicate the omission of letters in a word and to form possessives.
Apostrophes are versatile punctuation marks that serve various purposes in Armenian writing. They are primarily used to indicate possession, contraction, and to mark omitted letters in certain words. Let's explore each of these uses in detail.


=== Contractions ===
=== Indicating Possession ===


Apostrophes are used to show the omission of letters, especially when combining two words into one. For example:
Apostrophes are commonly used to show possession in Armenian. When a noun or pronoun indicates ownership or association with another noun, an apostrophe followed by the letter "ը" (yev) is added to the end of the word. Here are a few examples:


* Ինչ ես դու անում` --> Ինչ ես դու անում՝ (What are you doing?)
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| անունը || anunə || the name
|-
| տասնյակը || tasnyakə || the classroom
|-
| հայերը || hayərə || the Armenians
|-
| մարդը || mardə || the person
|}


In this example, the apostrophe is used to indicate the omission of the final մ in the word անում, which is reduced to անում՝ as a result of the contraction with the preceding word դու.
=== Contraction ===


=== Possessives ===
Apostrophes are also used in Armenian to indicate contraction, where two words are combined to form a shorter word. The apostrophe is placed in the position of the omitted letter(s). Here are a few examples:


Apostrophes are also used to indicate possession in Armenian. The apostrophe is added to the end of a noun to show that it owns or has something. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| եմ + ես || em + es || I am + you are = եմս
|-
| ես + է || es + ē || you are + he/she is = եսէ
|-
| դուք + ես || duk + es || you (plural) + you are = դուքս
|-
| նրանք + են || nrankʿ + ēn || they + they are = նրանքնեն
|}


* Նույն օրը իմ մայրիկն է` --> Նույն օրը մայրիկն իմն է։ (The same day is my mother's.)
=== Omitted Letters ===


In this example, the apostrophe is added to the end of the word մայրիկ (mother) to indicate that the day in question belongs to her.
Apostrophes are also used to indicate the omission of certain letters in certain words. This is particularly common in colloquial speech and informal writing. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ես չեմ || es čʿəm || I am not = ես չեմ
|-
| չեմ իմանալ || čʿəm imanal || I don't know = չեմ իմանալ
|-
| չեմ գիտակցել || čʿəm gitakcel || I haven't understood = չեմ գիտակցել
|-
| չեմ հասկանում || čʿəm haskanum || I don't understand = չեմ հասկանում
|}


== Hyphens ==
== Hyphens ==


Hyphens are used to connect two or more words into a single compound word or to separate syllables in a word. They are rarely used in Armenian and are mostly employed in loanwords and compound words.
Hyphens are used in Armenian to connect words or parts of words, indicating a range, a compound word, or a word break at the end of a line. Let's explore each of these uses in detail.
 
=== Indicating a Range ===
 
Hyphens are used to indicate a range of values or numbers in Armenian. The hyphen is placed between the two numbers or values to show that they are inclusive of the entire range. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| 10-20 || ims-n-ers || from 10 to 20
|-
| երկու-երեք || yerkʿ-u-erekʿ || two to three
|-
| մեկ-երկու || mek-u-erku || one or two
|-
| հազար-երեք || hazar-u-erekʿ || thousand to three
|}


=== Compound Words ===
=== Compound Words ===


When two or more words are combined to create a new word, a hyphen is used to link them together. For example:
Hyphens are used to connect two or more words to form a compound word in Armenian. This is often done to create new words or to clarify the meaning of a phrase. Here are a few examples:


* Բարմին-սպիտակ` --> Բարմին սպիտակ (Light blue)
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| մայր-լեզու || mayr-lezu || mother tongue
|-
| երեխան-մասին || erexan-masin || about children
|-
| հեռու-սուրճ || heṙu-surčʿ || long hair
|-
| մեծ-փոքր || mec-pʿokʿr || big-small
|}


In this example, the hyphen is used to link the words բարմին and սպիտակ, creating the compound word բարմին-սպիտակ.
=== Word Breaks ===


=== Syllable Separation ===
Hyphens are used to indicate word breaks at the end of a line in Armenian text. When a word cannot fit entirely on a line, a hyphen is added to the end of the line, and the remaining part of the word is moved to the next line. This helps maintain the readability and aesthetics of the text. Here is an example:


In some cases, hyphens are used to separate syllables in a word. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian
|-
| բայցառում
խնդրեմ
մեկ նամակ
գրել
իմ
հասցեով։
|}


* Կոլ-դեղ` --> Կոլդեղ (Cold medicine)
In the example above, the word "բայցառում" (reading) is split between two lines, with a hyphen indicating the word break.


Here, the hyphen separates the syllables "col" and "degh," making the pronunciation of the word easier.
== Cultural Insights ==


That concludes our lesson on Armenian punctuation rules, focusing specifically on apostrophes and hyphens. Remember to practice proper usage and don't be afraid to ask for assistance if you're unsure. Happy writing!
Armenian punctuation rules, including the usage of apostrophes and hyphens, are deeply rooted in the history and development of the Armenian language. The Armenian alphabet, created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, introduced a unique writing system that included punctuation marks. These punctuation marks have evolved over time to meet the needs of the language and its speakers.
 
Armenian is spoken in various regions, including Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Armenian diaspora. While the rules for apostrophes and hyphens remain consistent across these regions, there may be some slight regional variations in the usage or understanding of these punctuation marks. It is important to be aware of these differences when communicating with Armenians from different regions.
 
Interesting Fact: Did you know that the Armenian alphabet consists of 38 letters? This unique alphabet has been recognized as one of the most beautiful alphabets in the world, featuring intricate letter shapes and rich historical significance.
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text.
 
Exercise 1: Possessive Apostrophes
Rewrite the following phrases using the correct possessive apostrophes in Armenian:
 
1. The book of Anna
2. The car of my father
3. The house of the neighbors
4. The cat of the old woman
 
Exercise 2: Contractions
Combine the following words using apostrophes to indicate contractions:
 
1. Ես եմ + դու
2. Դուք եք + ունենք
3. Նրանք են + մոտավորապես
4. Դուք եք + ուղարկել
 
Exercise 3: Omitted Letters
Fill in the blanks with the correct words, using apostrophes to indicate omitted letters:
 
1. Ես չեմ գիտակցել, ___ իմանալ։
2. Չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ հասկանում, բայց___։
3. Հետևեք ___, երբ մենք հասկանում ենք։
4. Ես չեմ հասկանում, դուք չեք հասկանում, բայց ___։
 
== Solutions ==
 
Exercise 1: Possessive Apostrophes
 
1. Աննայի գրքը
2. Հայրի մեքենան
3. Համայնքի տունը
4. Հին կնունին կատունը
 
Exercise 2: Contractions
 
1. Ես եմ + դու = եսդու
2. Դուք եք + ունենք = դուքունենք
3. Նրանք են + մոտավորապես = նրանքմոտավորապես
4. Դուք եք + ուղարկել = դուքուղարկել
 
Exercise 3: Omitted Letters
 
1. Ես չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ իմանալ։
2. Չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ հասկանում, բայց չեմ հասկանում։
3. Հետևեք մեզ, երբ մենք հասկանում ենք։
4. Ես չեմ հասկանում, դուք չեք հասկանում, բայց չեք հասկանում։
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text. These punctuation marks are essential for effective writing and communication in Armenian. By mastering their rules and usage, you can enhance your writing skills and convey your thoughts clearly. Keep practicing and applying these rules in your writing to become a confident Armenian writer. Happy learning!


{{#seo:
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|title=Armenian Grammar → Armenian Punctuation Rules → Apostrophes and Hyphens
|keywords=Armenian punctuation rules, apostrophes, hyphens
|keywords=Armenian grammar, Armenian punctuation rules, apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian, possessive apostrophes in Armenian, contractions in Armenian, omitted letters in Armenian, hyphens in Armenian, Armenian cultural insights
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text, including contractions, possessives, and compound words.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text. We will explore the rules for possessive apostrophes, contractions, omitted letters, and hyphens, while also providing cultural insights and exercises for practice.
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{{Armenian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:Armenian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet Armenian alphabet - Wikipedia]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Noun-and-Pronoun|Noun and Pronoun]]
* [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Noun-and-Pronoun|Noun and Pronoun]]


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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet Armenian alphabet - Wikipedia]


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Revision as of 03:50, 19 June 2023


Armenian-Language-Polyglotclub.png
Armenian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Armenian Punctuation Rules → Apostrophes and Hyphens

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text. Punctuation marks play a crucial role in written communication, as they help clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and convey specific grammatical structures. Apostrophes and hyphens are two punctuation marks that are frequently used in Armenian, and understanding their rules and usage is essential for effective writing. Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of how to use apostrophes and hyphens correctly, providing numerous examples and exercises to reinforce your understanding. So let's get started!

Apostrophes

Apostrophes are versatile punctuation marks that serve various purposes in Armenian writing. They are primarily used to indicate possession, contraction, and to mark omitted letters in certain words. Let's explore each of these uses in detail.

Indicating Possession

Apostrophes are commonly used to show possession in Armenian. When a noun or pronoun indicates ownership or association with another noun, an apostrophe followed by the letter "ը" (yev) is added to the end of the word. Here are a few examples:

Armenian Pronunciation English Translation
անունը anunə the name
տասնյակը tasnyakə the classroom
հայերը hayərə the Armenians
մարդը mardə the person

Contraction

Apostrophes are also used in Armenian to indicate contraction, where two words are combined to form a shorter word. The apostrophe is placed in the position of the omitted letter(s). Here are a few examples:

Armenian Pronunciation English Translation
եմ + ես em + es I am + you are = եմս
ես + է es + ē you are + he/she is = եսէ
դուք + ես duk + es you (plural) + you are = դուքս
նրանք + են nrankʿ + ēn they + they are = նրանքնեն

Omitted Letters

Apostrophes are also used to indicate the omission of certain letters in certain words. This is particularly common in colloquial speech and informal writing. Here are a few examples:

Armenian Pronunciation English Translation
ես չեմ es čʿəm I am not = ես չեմ
չեմ իմանալ čʿəm imanal I don't know = չեմ իմանալ
չեմ գիտակցել čʿəm gitakcel I haven't understood = չեմ գիտակցել
չեմ հասկանում čʿəm haskanum I don't understand = չեմ հասկանում

Hyphens

Hyphens are used in Armenian to connect words or parts of words, indicating a range, a compound word, or a word break at the end of a line. Let's explore each of these uses in detail.

Indicating a Range

Hyphens are used to indicate a range of values or numbers in Armenian. The hyphen is placed between the two numbers or values to show that they are inclusive of the entire range. Here are a few examples:

Armenian Pronunciation English Translation
10-20 ims-n-ers from 10 to 20
երկու-երեք yerkʿ-u-erekʿ two to three
մեկ-երկու mek-u-erku one or two
հազար-երեք hazar-u-erekʿ thousand to three

Compound Words

Hyphens are used to connect two or more words to form a compound word in Armenian. This is often done to create new words or to clarify the meaning of a phrase. Here are a few examples:

Armenian Pronunciation English Translation
մայր-լեզու mayr-lezu mother tongue
երեխան-մասին erexan-masin about children
հեռու-սուրճ heṙu-surčʿ long hair
մեծ-փոքր mec-pʿokʿr big-small

Word Breaks

Hyphens are used to indicate word breaks at the end of a line in Armenian text. When a word cannot fit entirely on a line, a hyphen is added to the end of the line, and the remaining part of the word is moved to the next line. This helps maintain the readability and aesthetics of the text. Here is an example:

Armenian
բայցառում

խնդրեմ մեկ նամակ գրել իմ հասցեով։

In the example above, the word "բայցառում" (reading) is split between two lines, with a hyphen indicating the word break.

Cultural Insights

Armenian punctuation rules, including the usage of apostrophes and hyphens, are deeply rooted in the history and development of the Armenian language. The Armenian alphabet, created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, introduced a unique writing system that included punctuation marks. These punctuation marks have evolved over time to meet the needs of the language and its speakers.

Armenian is spoken in various regions, including Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Armenian diaspora. While the rules for apostrophes and hyphens remain consistent across these regions, there may be some slight regional variations in the usage or understanding of these punctuation marks. It is important to be aware of these differences when communicating with Armenians from different regions.

Interesting Fact: Did you know that the Armenian alphabet consists of 38 letters? This unique alphabet has been recognized as one of the most beautiful alphabets in the world, featuring intricate letter shapes and rich historical significance.

Exercises

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text.

Exercise 1: Possessive Apostrophes Rewrite the following phrases using the correct possessive apostrophes in Armenian:

1. The book of Anna 2. The car of my father 3. The house of the neighbors 4. The cat of the old woman

Exercise 2: Contractions Combine the following words using apostrophes to indicate contractions:

1. Ես եմ + դու 2. Դուք եք + ունենք 3. Նրանք են + մոտավորապես 4. Դուք եք + ուղարկել

Exercise 3: Omitted Letters Fill in the blanks with the correct words, using apostrophes to indicate omitted letters:

1. Ես չեմ գիտակցել, ___ իմանալ։ 2. Չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ հասկանում, բայց___։ 3. Հետևեք ___, երբ մենք հասկանում ենք։ 4. Ես չեմ հասկանում, դուք չեք հասկանում, բայց ___։

Solutions

Exercise 1: Possessive Apostrophes

1. Աննայի գրքը 2. Հայրի մեքենան 3. Համայնքի տունը 4. Հին կնունին կատունը

Exercise 2: Contractions

1. Ես եմ + դու = եսդու 2. Դուք եք + ունենք = դուքունենք 3. Նրանք են + մոտավորապես = նրանքմոտավորապես 4. Դուք եք + ուղարկել = դուքուղարկել

Exercise 3: Omitted Letters

1. Ես չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ իմանալ։ 2. Չեմ գիտակցել, չեմ հասկանում, բայց չեմ հասկանում։ 3. Հետևեք մեզ, երբ մենք հասկանում ենք։ 4. Ես չեմ հասկանում, դուք չեք հասկանում, բայց չեք հասկանում։

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the correct usage of apostrophes and hyphens in Armenian text. These punctuation marks are essential for effective writing and communication in Armenian. By mastering their rules and usage, you can enhance your writing skills and convey your thoughts clearly. Keep practicing and applying these rules in your writing to become a confident Armenian writer. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Armenian Course - 0 to A1


Greetings and Introductions


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Numbers and Time


Basic Sentence Structure


Family and Relationships


Nouns and Pronouns


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Armenian Traditions and Customs


Sources


Other Lessons



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