Difference between revisions of "Language/Armenian/Grammar/Present-Tense"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
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As a student of Armenian, you will soon learn that verbs play a crucial role in expressing action and tense in the language. Understanding how to form and use the present tense is a vital step towards mastering Armenian. In this lesson, you will learn how to form regular and irregular present tense verbs in Armenian and how to use them in different contexts, including daily life and conversation. Let's get started!
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in Armenian. The present tense is an essential aspect of the Armenian language, as it allows us to express actions happening in the current moment or describe habitual actions. Mastering the present tense will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Armenian. Throughout this lesson, we will cover the formation of regular and irregular verb conjugations in the present tense and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will delve into the cultural aspects of the present tense, exploring any regional variations in its usage and understanding. So let's dive in and discover the beauty of the present tense in Armenian!


<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Noun-and-Pronoun|Noun and Pronoun]] & [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span>
== Regular Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense ==
== Regular Present Tense Verbs ==


Armenian verbs are split into two main categories: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. Western Armenian is used mainly in the Armenian diaspora, while Eastern Armenian is used in Armenia, Iran, and the former Soviet republics. In this lesson, we will focus on Eastern Armenian, which has its own distinctive conjugation structure.
To form the present tense for regular verbs in Armenian, we follow a straightforward pattern. Let's take a look at the process step by step:


The present tense of Armenian verbs has three different endings, depending on the subject of the sentence. Let's take a look at the present tense of the verb "to speak" for each of the three persons in Armenian:
1. Identify the verb stem: The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any suffixes or endings. For example, the verb "to speak" has the stem "խոսե- (khose-)".
2. Add the appropriate suffix for the subject: Armenian verbs have different suffixes depending on the subject of the sentence. Here are the subject suffixes for the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Person !! Suffix
|-
| I || -մ (-m)
|-
| You (singular) || -ս (-s)
|-
| He/She/It || -ը (-ë)
|-
|-
| I || խոսում եմ || khosoom yem || I am speaking
| We || -ենք (-enk')
|-
|-
| You || խոսում ես || khosoom es || You are speaking
| You (plural) || -եք (-ek')
|-
|-
| He/She/It || խոսում է || khosoom e || He/She/It is speaking
| They || -են (-en)
|}
|}


To form the present tense of a regular Eastern Armenian verb, follow these steps:
3. Attach the subject suffix to the verb stem: Combine the verb stem with the appropriate subject suffix. For example, to say "I speak," we would add the suffix "-մ" to the verb stem "խոսե-," resulting in "խոսում եմ (khosum em)".
 
1. Take the infinitive form of the verb (which ends in -ել or -ալ).
2. Remove the last two letters of the infinitive form (-լ).
3. Add one of the following endings, depending on the subject of the sentence:


-ում - for the subject "I"
Now let's see some examples of regular verb conjugations in the present tense:
-ս - for the subject "You" (singular)
-է - for the subject "He/She/It"
-ենք - for the subject "We"
-եք - for the subject "You" (plural)
-են - for the subject "They"


Here's an example using the verb "to watch":
==== Examples ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| I || դիտում եմ || ditum yem || I am watching
| համարում եմ (hamarum em) || hah-mah-room em || I understand
|-
|-
| You || դիտում ես || ditum es || You are watching
| կարող եմ (karogh em) || kah-rogh em || I can
|-
|-
| He/She/It || դիտում է || ditum e || He/She/It is watching
| գրում եմ (grum em) || groom em || I write
|-
|-
| We || դիտում ենք || ditum enk || We are watching
| կարող ես (karogh es) || kah-rogh es || You can
|-
|-
| You (plural) || դիտում եք || ditum ek || You (plural) are watching
| գրում ես (grum es) || groom es || You write
|-
|-
| They || դիտում են || ditum en || They are watching
| դուստր է (dust'r e) || doos-tir eh || He/She/It reads
|}
 
As you can see from the table, the only part of the verb that changes is the ending. This makes it relatively easy to conjugate regular Armenian verbs in the present tense, once you know the basic structure. Let's take a look at a few more regular verbs in the present tense:
 
=== Example Verbs ===
* գումար (gum-ar) - to count
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| I || գումարում եմ || gumaroom yem || I am counting
| կարող ենք (karogh enk') || kah-rogh enk' || We can
|-
|-
| You || գումարում ես || gumaroom es || You are counting
| գրում ենք (grum enk') || groom enk' || We write
|-
|-
| He/She/It || գումարում է || gumaroom e || He/She/It is counting
| դուստրներ են (dust'rner en) || doos-tir-ner en || They read
|-
| We || գումարում ենք || gumaroomeh-nk || We are counting
|-
| You (plural) || գումարում եք || gumaroomeh-k || You (plural) are counting
|-
| They || գումարում են || gumaroom-ehn || They are counting
|}
|}


* գցել (ktsel) - to knot
== Irregular Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense ==
 
While regular verb conjugations in the present tense follow a predictable pattern, some verbs in Armenian are irregular and do not conform to this pattern. Irregular verbs have unique conjugations that must be memorized. Let's look at a few examples of irregular verb conjugations in the present tense:
 
==== Examples ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| I || գցում եմ || ktsuum yem || I am knotting
|-
|-
| You || գցում ես || ktsuum es || You are knotting
| եմ (em) || em || I am
|-
|-
| He/She/It || գցում է || ktsuum e || He/She/It is knotting
| ես (es) || es || You are
|-
|-
| We || գցում ենք || ktsuum eh-nk || We are knotting
| է (e) || eh || He/She/It is
|-
|-
| You (plural) || գցում եք || ktsuum eh-k || You (plural) are knotting
| ենք (enk') || enk' || We are
|-
| They || գցում են || ktsuum-ehn || They are knotting
|}
 
* պատրաստել (patras-tel) - to prepare
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| I || պատրաստում եմ || patrastoom yem || I am preparing
| եք (ek') || ek' || You are
|-
|-
| You || պատրաստում ես || patrastoom es || You are preparing
| են (en) || en || They are
|-
|-
| He/She/It || պատրաստում է || patrastoom e || He/She/It is preparing
| գնամ (gnam) || gnahm || I go
|-
|-
| We || պատրաստում ենք || patrastoom eh-nk || We are preparing
| եմ գնում (em gnum) || em gnoom || I am going
|-
|-
| You (plural) || պատրաստում եք || patrastoom eh-k || You (plural) are preparing
| ես գնում (es gnum) || es gnoom || You are going
|-
|-
| They || պատրաստում են || patrastoom ehn || They are preparing
| է գնում (e gnum) || eh gnoom || He/She/It is going
|}
|}


In Armenian, each verb has a base form, which is the form of the verb when it's not being used in a specific tense or form. This base form is the infinitive of the verb, which typically ends in -ել or -ալ. For example, the base form of the verb "to speak" is խոսել (khosel), and the base form of the verb "to watch" is դիտել (diteel).
As you can see, irregular verbs have unique conjugations that may not follow the regular pattern. It is important to memorize these forms and practice using them in various contexts.
 
== Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Armenian Literature ==
 
The present tense plays a significant role in Armenian literature, showcasing the vibrancy and immediacy of the language. Many Armenian authors and poets have utilized the present tense to evoke emotions and immerse readers in the present moment. One notable example is the renowned Armenian poet Paruyr Sevak, who often employed the present tense to convey a sense of intimacy and urgency in his poetry. By exploring Armenian literature, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the power and beauty of the present tense in the Armenian language.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge of the present tense into practice! Complete the following exercises and check your answers below:
 
Exercise 1: Conjugate the verbs in the present tense according to the given subjects.
 
1. խոսել (khosel) - to speak
- I: խոսում եմ (khosum em)
- You (singular): խոսում ես (khosum es)
- He/She/It: խոսում է (khosum eh)
- We: խոսում ենք (khosum enk')
- You (plural): խոսում ենք (khosum enk')
- They: խոսում են (khosum en)
 
2. գրել (grel) - to write
- I: գրում եմ (groom em)
- You (singular): գրում ես (groom es)
- He/She/It: գրում է (groom eh)
- We: գրում ենք (groom enk')
- You (plural): գրում ենք (groom enk')
- They: գրում են (groom en)
 
Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Armenian using the present tense.
 
1. I understand.
- համարում եմ (hamarum em)
 
2. They read.
- դուստրներ են (dust'rner en)
 
3. We can.
- կարող ենք (karogh enk')
 
4. You (singular) write.
- գրում ես (groom es)
 
== Solution ==
 
Exercise 1:


== Irregular Present Tense Verbs ==
1. խոսել (khosel) - to speak
- I: խոսում եմ (khosum em)
- You (singular): խոսում ես (khosum es)
- He/She/It: խոսում է (khosum eh)
- We: խոսում ենք (khosum enk')
- You (plural): խոսում ենք (khosum enk')
- They: խոսում են (khosum en)


In Armenian, there are several commonly used verbs that follow irregular conjugation rules in the present tense. Memorizing these irregular verbs is an important step towards mastering Armenian grammar. Let's take a look at some of the most commonly used irregular present tense verbs:
2. գրել (grel) - to write
- I: գրում եմ (groom em)
- You (singular): գրում ես (groom es)
- He/She/It: գրում է (groom eh)
- We: գրում ենք (groom enk')
- You (plural): գրում ենք (groom enk')
- They: գրում են (groom en)


=== "To Be" ===
Exercise 2:


The verb "to be" is irregular in Armenian and doesn't follow the typical conjugation structure described earlier. Instead, it has its own special conjugation:
1. I understand.
- համարում եմ (hamarum em)


{| class="wikitable"
2. They read.
! Person !! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
- դուստրներ են (dust'rner en)
|-
| I || եմ || yem || I am
|-
| You || ես || es || You are
|-
| He/She/It || է || e || He/She/It is
|-
| We || ենք || enk || We are
|-
| You (plural) || եք || ek || You (plural) are
|-
| They || են || en || They are
|}


As you can see, the verb "to be" has its own unique forms for each person. Notice that the Armenian language doesn't distinguish between "is" and "are" in the present tense. The verb է (e) can be translated as either "is" or "are".
3. We can.
- կարող ենք (karogh enk')


Here are a few example sentences using the verb "to be":
4. You (singular) write.
- գրում ես (groom es)


* Ես կանչելու եմ (yes kan-chel-oo yem) - I am calling
Congratulations on completing the practice exercises! Keep practicing to solidify your understanding of the present tense in Armenian.
* Հայերն բոլորը լեզուն խոսում են (hayer-n bol-or-e lez-oon khosoom en) - All Armenians speak the language.


=== "To Want" ===
== Conclusion ==


The verb "to want" is another irregular verb in Armenian, with its own set of unique forms:
In this lesson, we explored the present tense in Armenian, both regular and irregular verb conjugations. We learned how to form the present tense for regular verbs by identifying the verb stem and adding subject-specific suffixes. Additionally, we delved into the cultural significance of the present tense in Armenian literature. Remember to practice using the present tense in various contexts to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense in Armenian. Keep up the great work!


{| class="wikitable"
{{#seo:
! Person !! Armenian !! Pron
|title=Armenian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|keywords=Armenian grammar, Armenian present tense, present tense in Armenian, regular verb conjugation, irregular verb conjugation
|description=Learn how to form and use the present tense in Armenian, including regular and irregular verb conjugations, and practice using the tense in various contexts.
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==
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===Western Armenian Present Tense Explained - Learn Armenian ...===
===Western Armenian Present Tense Explained - Learn Armenian ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_KFkpCdxXE</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_KFkpCdxXE</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Armenian/Grammar Armenian/Grammar - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
* [https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol_toc/armol Classical Armenian Online]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/The-Verb-to-Have|The Verb to Have]]
* [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/The-Verb-to-Have|The Verb to Have]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Armenian/Grammar Armenian/Grammar - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
* [https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol_toc/armol Classical Armenian Online]


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Revision as of 02:31, 19 June 2023

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Armenian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in Armenian. The present tense is an essential aspect of the Armenian language, as it allows us to express actions happening in the current moment or describe habitual actions. Mastering the present tense will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Armenian. Throughout this lesson, we will cover the formation of regular and irregular verb conjugations in the present tense and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will delve into the cultural aspects of the present tense, exploring any regional variations in its usage and understanding. So let's dive in and discover the beauty of the present tense in Armenian!

Regular Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense

To form the present tense for regular verbs in Armenian, we follow a straightforward pattern. Let's take a look at the process step by step:

1. Identify the verb stem: The verb stem is the base form of the verb without any suffixes or endings. For example, the verb "to speak" has the stem "խոսե- (khose-)". 2. Add the appropriate suffix for the subject: Armenian verbs have different suffixes depending on the subject of the sentence. Here are the subject suffixes for the present tense:

Person Suffix
I -մ (-m)
You (singular) -ս (-s)
He/She/It -ը (-ë)
We -ենք (-enk')
You (plural) -եք (-ek')
They -են (-en)

3. Attach the subject suffix to the verb stem: Combine the verb stem with the appropriate subject suffix. For example, to say "I speak," we would add the suffix "-մ" to the verb stem "խոսե-," resulting in "խոսում եմ (khosum em)".

Now let's see some examples of regular verb conjugations in the present tense:

Examples

Armenian Pronunciation English
համարում եմ (hamarum em) hah-mah-room em I understand
կարող եմ (karogh em) kah-rogh em I can
գրում եմ (grum em) groom em I write
կարող ես (karogh es) kah-rogh es You can
գրում ես (grum es) groom es You write
դուստր է (dust'r e) doos-tir eh He/She/It reads
կարող ենք (karogh enk') kah-rogh enk' We can
գրում ենք (grum enk') groom enk' We write
դուստրներ են (dust'rner en) doos-tir-ner en They read

Irregular Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense

While regular verb conjugations in the present tense follow a predictable pattern, some verbs in Armenian are irregular and do not conform to this pattern. Irregular verbs have unique conjugations that must be memorized. Let's look at a few examples of irregular verb conjugations in the present tense:

Examples

Armenian Pronunciation English
եմ (em) em I am
ես (es) es You are
է (e) eh He/She/It is
ենք (enk') enk' We are
եք (ek') ek' You are
են (en) en They are
գնամ (gnam) gnahm I go
եմ գնում (em gnum) em gnoom I am going
ես գնում (es gnum) es gnoom You are going
է գնում (e gnum) eh gnoom He/She/It is going

As you can see, irregular verbs have unique conjugations that may not follow the regular pattern. It is important to memorize these forms and practice using them in various contexts.

Cultural Insight: Present Tense in Armenian Literature

The present tense plays a significant role in Armenian literature, showcasing the vibrancy and immediacy of the language. Many Armenian authors and poets have utilized the present tense to evoke emotions and immerse readers in the present moment. One notable example is the renowned Armenian poet Paruyr Sevak, who often employed the present tense to convey a sense of intimacy and urgency in his poetry. By exploring Armenian literature, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the power and beauty of the present tense in the Armenian language.

Practice Exercises

Now it's time to put your knowledge of the present tense into practice! Complete the following exercises and check your answers below:

Exercise 1: Conjugate the verbs in the present tense according to the given subjects.

1. խոսել (khosel) - to speak - I: խոսում եմ (khosum em) - You (singular): խոսում ես (khosum es) - He/She/It: խոսում է (khosum eh) - We: խոսում ենք (khosum enk') - You (plural): խոսում ենք (khosum enk') - They: խոսում են (khosum en)

2. գրել (grel) - to write - I: գրում եմ (groom em) - You (singular): գրում ես (groom es) - He/She/It: գրում է (groom eh) - We: գրում ենք (groom enk') - You (plural): գրում ենք (groom enk') - They: գրում են (groom en)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Armenian using the present tense.

1. I understand. - համարում եմ (hamarum em)

2. They read. - դուստրներ են (dust'rner en)

3. We can. - կարող ենք (karogh enk')

4. You (singular) write. - գրում ես (groom es)

Solution

Exercise 1:

1. խոսել (khosel) - to speak - I: խոսում եմ (khosum em) - You (singular): խոսում ես (khosum es) - He/She/It: խոսում է (khosum eh) - We: խոսում ենք (khosum enk') - You (plural): խոսում ենք (khosum enk') - They: խոսում են (khosum en)

2. գրել (grel) - to write - I: գրում եմ (groom em) - You (singular): գրում ես (groom es) - He/She/It: գրում է (groom eh) - We: գրում ենք (groom enk') - You (plural): գրում ենք (groom enk') - They: գրում են (groom en)

Exercise 2:

1. I understand. - համարում եմ (hamarum em)

2. They read. - դուստրներ են (dust'rner en)

3. We can. - կարող ենք (karogh enk')

4. You (singular) write. - գրում ես (groom es)

Congratulations on completing the practice exercises! Keep practicing to solidify your understanding of the present tense in Armenian.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we explored the present tense in Armenian, both regular and irregular verb conjugations. We learned how to form the present tense for regular verbs by identifying the verb stem and adding subject-specific suffixes. Additionally, we delved into the cultural significance of the present tense in Armenian literature. Remember to practice using the present tense in various contexts to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense in Armenian. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Armenian Course - 0 to A1


Greetings and Introductions


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Numbers and Time


Basic Sentence Structure


Family and Relationships


Nouns and Pronouns


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Armenian Traditions and Customs

Videos

Western Armenian Present Tense Explained - Learn Armenian ...


Sources


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