Difference between revisions of "Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-21:-Using-infinitives"

Latest revision as of 02:20, 17 June 2023

◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️

Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives

In this lesson, we will learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. The infinitive form of a verb is the base form of the verb, which does not show tense, number, or gender. It is often used in combination with other verbs to create complex sentences and express various meanings.

Infinitives in Persian[edit | edit source]

In Persian, the infinitive form of a verb is created by removing the present tense suffixes -am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, and -and from the stem of the verb. For example, the infinitive form of the verb "kardan" (to do) is "kard". The infinitive form of the verb "raftan" (to go) is "raft".

Expressing Purpose[edit | edit source]

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express purpose. To do this, we use the verb "bara" (for) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من به مدرسه می‌روم برای خواندن	Man be madrese miravam baraye khandan	I go to school to study
او می‌خرد یک کتاب برای خواندن	Ou mikharad yek ketab baraye khandan	He buys a book to read
ما می‌نویسیم یک نامه برای نوشتن	Ma minevisim yek name baraye neveshtan	We write a letter to write

Expressing Obligation[edit | edit source]

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express obligation. To do this, we use the verb "bayad" (must) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من باید بخوانم	Man bayad bokhanam	I must read
تو باید بروی	To bayad beravi	You must go
او باید بنویسد	Ou bayad bendsad	He must write

Expressing Permission[edit | edit source]

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express permission. To do this, we use the verb "mishavad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
من می‌توانم بخوانم	Man mitavnam bokhanam	I can read
تو می‌توانی بروی	To mitavni beravi	You can go
او می‌تواند بنویسد	Ou mitavand bendsad	He can write

Expressing Possibility[edit | edit source]

In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express possibility. To do this, we use the verb "mitavanad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:

Iranian Persian	Pronunciation	English
این کار می‌تواند سخت باشد	In kar mitavnad sakht bashad	This task can be difficult
تو می‌توانی بروی	To mitavni beravi	You can go
او می‌تواند بنویسد	Ou mitavand bendsad	He can write

Practice[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice using infinitives in different contexts. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate infinitive form of the verb:

من به پارک می‌روم برای [پیاده‌روی].
ما باید [یادگیری] فارسی را شروع کنیم.
تو می‌توانی [پاسخ] سوالات را بدهی.
او باید [تمرین] بیشتری بکند.
این کار می‌تواند [ساده] باشد.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. We have seen examples of how to use infinitives in different contexts and practiced using them in sentences. By mastering the use of infinitives, you will be able to express a wide range of meanings and communicate more effectively in Persian.

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions

Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation

Unit 3: Talking about daily routines

Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns

Unit 5: Persian culture and customs

Unit 6: Food and drink

Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation

Unit 8: Persian literature and arts

Unit 9: Travel and transportation

Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences

Unit 11: Persian history and geography

Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️

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+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-20:-Using-the-imperative-mood|◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-22:-Complex-sentences-and-conjunctions|Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives</div>
 __TOC__
-Welcome to Unit 10 of our Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course. In this lesson, we will learn about using infinitives in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. Infinitives are verb forms that are not inflected for tense, person, or number. They function as either nouns or adjectives in a sentence.
+In this lesson, we will learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. The infinitive form of a verb is the base form of the verb, which does not show tense, number, or gender. It is often used in combination with other verbs to create complex sentences and express various meanings.
+== Infinitives in Persian ==
+In Persian, the infinitive form of a verb is created by removing the present tense suffixes -am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, and -and from the stem of the verb. For example, the infinitive form of the verb "kardan" (to do) is "kard". The infinitive form of the verb "raftan" (to go) is "raft".
-<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-5:-Present-tense-conjugation-of-regular-verbs|Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Come|Come]].</span>
+=== Expressing Purpose ===
-== Infinitives as nouns ==
+In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express purpose. To do this, we use the verb "bara" (for) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:
-Infinitives can be used as the subject or the direct object of a sentence. In this use, they are similar to gerunds in English. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| دیدن || didan || Seeing
+| من به مدرسه می‌روم برای خواندن || Man be madrese miravam baraye khandan || I go to school to study
 |-
-| خوردن || khordan || Eating
+| او می‌خرد یک کتاب برای خواندن || Ou mikharad yek ketab baraye khandan || He buys a book to read
 |-
-| خواندن || khɒːndæn || Reading
+| ما می‌نویسیم یک نامه برای نوشتن || Ma minevisim yek name baraye neveshtan || We write a letter to write
 |}
-* دیدن خوب است. (Didan khub ast.) Seeing is good.
+=== Expressing Obligation ===
-* خوردن حرام است. (Khordan haram ast.) Eating is forbidden.
+In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express obligation. To do this, we use the verb "bayad" (must) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:
-* خواندن کتاب علاقه‌مندی من است. (Khɒːndæn-e ketab elaqe-mandi-mæn ast.) Reading books is my hobby.
-And here is an example with an infinitive as a direct object:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| من باید بخوانم || Man bayad bokhanam || I must read
+|-
+| تو باید بروی || To bayad beravi || You must go
+|-
+| او باید بنویسد || Ou bayad bendsad || He must write
+|}
-* من دوست دارم شیرینی خوردن. (Man dust daram shirini khordan.) I like to eat sweets.
+=== Expressing Permission ===
+In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express permission. To do this, we use the verb "mishavad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:
-== Infinitives as adjectives ==
+{| class="wikitable"
-Infinitives can also function as adjectives in Persian. In this use, they describe a noun by indicating its purpose. Here is an example:
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| من می‌توانم بخوانم || Man mitavnam bokhanam || I can read
+|-
+| تو می‌توانی بروی || To mitavni beravi || You can go
+|-
+| او می‌تواند بنویسد || Ou mitavand bendsad || He can write
+|}
-* کتاب‌های خواندنی (Ketabhaye khɒːndæni.) Books to read (i.e. readable books)
+=== Expressing Possibility ===
+In Persian, we use the infinitive form of a verb to express possibility. To do this, we use the verb "mitavanad" (can) followed by the infinitive form of the verb. Here are some examples:
-Here, "khɒːndæni" functions as an adjective that describes the purpose of the books.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
-== Infinitives with prepositions ==
+|-
-Infinitives can also be used with prepositions in Persian to express different meanings. Here are some common prepositions used with infinitives:
+| این کار می‌تواند سخت باشد || In kar mitavnad sakht bashad || This task can be difficult
+|-
-* برای (baraye): for, to
+| تو می‌توانی بروی || To mitavni beravi || You can go
-* بدون (bedun): without
+|-
-* به (be): to, for
+| او می‌تواند بنویسد || Ou mitavand bendsad || He can write
-* در (dar): in, at, by
+|}
-* با (bɒː): with
-Here are some examples:
-* من برای خواندن کتاب به کتابخانه می‌روم. (Man baraye khɒːndæn-e kitab be ketabkhane miravam.) I go to the library to read books.
+== Practice ==
-* او بدون خوردن غذا کار می‌کند. (Ou bedun khordan-e ghaza kar mikonad.) He works without eating food.
+Now, let's practice using infinitives in different contexts. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate infinitive form of the verb:
-* آیت الکرسی را برای حفظ قرآن می‌خوانم. (Ayat al-kursi ra baraye hefz-e qur'an mikhanam.) I recite Ayat al-Kursi to memorize the Quran.
-== Infinitives for obligation, permission, and possibility ==
+# من به پارک می‌روم برای [پیاده‌روی].
-Infinitives can also be used with modal verbs to express obligation, permission, and possibility in Persian. The modal verb comes first, followed by the infinitive. Here are some examples:
+# ما باید [یادگیری] فارسی را شروع کنیم.
+# تو می‌توانی [پاسخ] سوالات را بدهی.
-* باید بخواند. (Bayad bkhɒːnad.) Must read. (i.e. he must read)
+# او باید [تمرین] بیشتری بکند.
-* می‌توان خورد. (Mitavan khordan.) Can eat. (i.e. he can eat)
+# این کار می‌تواند [ساده] باشد.
-* نمی‌توان دید. (Namitavan didan.) Cannot see. (i.e. he cannot see)
-* باید هر روز ورزش کرد. (Bayad har ruz varzesh kard.) Must exercise every day.
-* می‌توان به فرانسه سفر کرد. (Mitavan be Faranse safar kard.) Can travel to France.
-* نمی‌توان پول بسیار دارد. (Namitavan pool-e basiyar darad.) Cannot have a lot of money.
-Note that the present tense form of the modal verb is used to express present or future obligation, permission, or possibility. The past tense form is used to express past obligation, permission, or possibility.
 == Conclusion ==
-In this lesson, we learned about using infinitives in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. We saw how infinitives can be used as either nouns or adjectives in a sentence, and how they can be combined with prepositions and modal verbs to convey different meanings. I hope this lesson was useful for you, and I encourage you to practice using infinitives in your own Persian sentences.
+In this lesson, we have learned how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility. We have seen examples of how to use infinitives in different contexts and practiced using them in sentences. By mastering the use of infinitives, you will be able to express a wide range of meanings and communicate more effectively in Persian.
-== Sources ==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar Persian grammar]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive Infinitive]
-<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
 {{#seo:
 |title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences → Lesson 21: Using infinitives
-|keywords=Persian Grammar, Iranian Persian Grammar, Persian infinitives, Persian classes online
+|keywords=Persian grammar, Persian infinitives, Persian verbs, Persian language, Persian lessons, Persian course
-|description=Learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission and possibility in our free Persian classes online for beginners.
+|description=Learn how to use the infinitive form of verbs in Persian to express purpose, obligation, permission, and possibility in this comprehensive lesson. Practice using infinitives in different contexts and improve your Persian language skills.
 }}
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 [[Category:Iranian-persian-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/How-to-say-goodbye|How to say goodbye]]
 * [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-22:-Complex-sentences-and-conjunctions|Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions]]
 {{Iranian-persian-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-20:-Using-the-imperative-mood|◀️ Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Lesson-22:-Complex-sentences-and-conjunctions|Next Lesson — Lesson 22: Complex sentences and conjunctions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>