Language/Tajik/Grammar/Using-Adjectives

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Introduction

Adjectives are an important part of Tajik grammar. They are used to describe or modify nouns, indicating various aspects of their attributes such as size, color, shape, origin etc. In this lesson, you will learn how to use adjectives in Tajik, including how to form them and how to use them in sentences. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to describe a person, place or thing in Tajik, using appropriate adjectives.

With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: Pronouns & How to Use Be.

Forming Adjectives in Tajik

In Tajik, adjectives generally follow the nouns they describe. In its basic form, an adjective is usually formed by adding the suffix '-ӣ' to the noun. However, the suffix '-ӣ' is not the only suffix that can be used to form Tajik adjectives. There are other suffixes that can modify the meaning of the noun or help to create a new adjective. Here are some common suffixes for forming adjectives in Tajik:

Tajik	Pronunciation	English
даст	dast	hand
дасти	dasti-	handy (useful)
сурат	surat	picture
суратӣ	suratii-	figurative (not literal)
шершаб	sher-shab	Lion-like (brave)
хаста	hasta	laugh
хастаҳангомӣ	hasta-hango-mii-	funny (makes you laugh)
қадам	qadam	step (footstep)
қадамгӣ	qadamgii-	walkable

Using Adjectives in Tajik Sentences

Here are some examples of Tajik sentences using adjectives:

• Марҷа мебошад дароз. (Marja meboshad daroz.) - The snake is long.
• Ситораи кушода дар асмон медиҳад. (Sitorai kushoda dar asmon medihad.) - The shining star is in the sky.
• Наметавони мукофотроҳатро гирифта намошанд. (Nametavoni mukofotrohatrii girifta namoshand.) - The rewarded men showed their appreciation.

In the examples above, adjectives come after the nouns they modify. In Tajik, the position of the adjective is important, as it usually follows the noun. Also, Tajik adjectives do not have plural forms, which means that the plural form of a noun applies to both the noun and the adjective.

Comparison of Adjectives in Tajik

Like in English, Tajik adjectives have comparative and superlative forms, to describe the level of a particular attribute in comparison to others. In Tajik, there are few ways to form comparatives of adjectives:

• Short adjectives add the suffix '-тар' (tar) to form the comparative version.
• Long adjectives add the suffix '-тарин' (tarin) to form the comparative version.

For example:

• Қадамҳоя дарозтар аз зеринҳо мебошанд. (Qadamhoya daroztar az zerinhoo meboshand.) - Long legs are taller than short legs.
• Дарозтарин муддатро гузаред. (Daroztarin moddatro guzared.) - Spend more time longer.

To form the superlative of Tajik adjectives, the suffix '-таринин' (tarin-i-nin) can be added to the comparative form. For example:

• Чашмаҳои таҳтаҳрамарз аз қабиҳтарининанд. (Chashmahoii tahta-hamaarz az qabih-tar-in-i-nin-and.) - The underground wells are the worst.

Irregular Adjectives in Tajik

There are some adjectives in Tajik that do not follow the regular pattern of adding suffixes to the noun to form adjectives. These adjectives must be memorized, as there is no simple rule to form them. Here are some irregular adjectives in Tajik:

Tajik	Pronunciation	English
бешумор	beshumo-r	countless (uncountable)
дутона	du-tana	abundant
қадимӣ	qadimii-	old fashioned
навӣ	navii-	new
ҳақиқӣ	haqii-q-i-	true

Conclusion

Adjectives are an essential part of the Tajik language, helping to describe the attributes of nouns in various contexts. In this lesson, we have learned how Tajik adjectives are formed, how to place them in the sentence, and how to form comparative and superlative forms. By practicing with the examples provided, and expanding your vocabulary of Tajik adjectives, you will be able to describe people, places, and things in greater detail and with more clarity.

Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: Plurals & Present Tense.

Table of Contents - Tajik Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Alphabet and Pronunciation

• Introduction to the Tajik Alphabet
• Vowels and Consonants

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb Order
• Negation in Sentences

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Gender and Plurality of Nouns
• Personal Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Describing Relationships

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Using Adjectives
• Using Adverbs

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Eating and Drinking

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Using Prepositions
• Using Conjunctions

  ---

Shopping and Money

• Shopping Vocabulary
• Money and Currency

  ---

Tajik Customs and Traditions

• Holidays and Celebrations
• Etiquette and Social Norms

Other Lessons

• Gender
• Adjectives
• Future Tense
• How to Use Be
• Gender and Plurality of Nouns
• Subject Object Verb Order
• Negation
• 0 to A1 Course
• Present Tense
• Plurals

Sources

• Tajik grammar - Wikipedia
• Tajik Grammar - Negation
• Learn Tajik - Grammar and Vocabulary

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