Language/Dari/Grammar/Describing-People-and-Things

Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Describing People and Things

Introduction

As a Dari language learner, you know that adjectives are essential to describe people, places, and things. In this lesson, we will go over the basics of adjectives in Dari and learn how to use them to describe the world around us. We will also cover adverbs, which modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, and add more information to the sentence.

After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: How to Use Be & Comparatives and Superlatives.

Adjectives

In Dari, adjectives usually come after the noun they modify, but some adjectives may come before the noun to emphasize a specific quality. Adjectives may also change depending on the gender and number of the noun they describe.

Position of Adjectives

In general, adjectives in Dari come after the noun they modify. For example:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
سفید کتاب	safed ketāb	white book
بلند کوه	boland kuh	tall mountain
زیبا دختر	zibā dokhtar	beautiful girl

As you can see from the examples above, the adjective is placed after the noun it modifies. However, some adjectives may come before the noun to emphasize a particular quality.

Gender and Number Agreement

In Dari, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. If the noun is masculine, the adjective takes the masculine form, and if the noun is feminine, the adjective takes the feminine form. If the noun is plural, the adjective must be pluralized as well.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
کتاب خوب	ketāb-e khub	good book
دختر خوشگل	dokhtar-e khoshgel	pretty girl
مردان بلند قد	mardān-e boland qad	tall men
زنان خوشحال	zanān-e khoshhāl	happy women

As you can see, the adjectives agree in gender and number with the respective nouns they describe.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In Dari, comparative and superlative adjectives are formed by adding suffixes to the root adjective. Here are some examples:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
کتاب خوب	ketāb-e khub	good book
کتاب بهتر	ketāb-e behtar	better book
کتاب خوبترین	ketāb-e khobtarin	best book
دختر خوشگل	dokhtar-e khoshgel	pretty girl
دختر زیباتر	dokhtar-e zibatar	prettier girl
دختر زیباترین	dokhtar-e zibatrin	prettiest girl

As you can see, the suffix "-tar" is used to form the comparative form of the adjective and the suffix "-tarin" is used to form the superlative form of the adjective.

Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, and add more information to the sentence. In Dari, adverbs are usually formed by adding the suffix "-an" to the stem of the adjective. Here are some examples:

Dari	Pronunciation	English
زیبا	zibā	beautiful
زیبان	zibān	beautifully
صبح	sobh	morning
صبحانه	sobhāneh	in the morning
خوب	khub	good
خوبان	khobān	well

Practice

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you practice using adjectives and adverbs in Dari:

1. Create five sentences that describe people, places, or things around you using adjectives.
2. Create five sentences that describe actions using adverbs.
3. Create five comparative or superlative sentences comparing people, places, or things.

Take your time and practice until you feel comfortable with the material. As always, it's essential to review previous lessons and practice consistently to improve your language skills.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to use adjectives and adverbs in Dari to describe people, places, and things. We also covered how adjectives and adverbs agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify and how to form comparative and superlative adjectives. Make sure to practice using adjectives and adverbs consistently, and don't be afraid to make mistakes. Keep up the good work, and see you in the next lesson!

Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: Gender & Noun Gender and Plurals.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verb Conjugation

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Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

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Nouns and Articles

• Noun Gender and Plurals
• Definite and Indefinite Articles

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Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

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Adjectives and Adverbs

• Describing People and Things
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Adverbs

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Food and Dining

• Common Food Items
• Eating Out

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Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Basic Prepositions
• Conjunctions

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Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

• Afghanistan and Iran
• Holidays and Celebrations

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Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel-related Vocabulary

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Questions and Negations

• Asking Questions
• Negation

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Weather and Seasons

• Weather Vocabulary
• Seasons

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Past and Future Tenses

• Past Tense
• Future Tense

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Dari Literature and Media

• Famous Dari Writers
• Dari Media

Other Lessons

• 0 to A1 Course
• Adjectives
• Personal Pronouns
• Plurals
• Definite and Indefinite Articles
• Questions
• Basic Verb Conjugation
• Past Tense
• Basic Prepositions