Difference between revisions of "Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Genitive-Case"
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The genitive case is one of the six cases in the Kazakh language. In this lesson, we will learn what the genitive case is, how it is formed, and how it is used with nouns and adjectives. | The genitive case is one of the six cases in the Kazakh language. In this lesson, we will learn what the genitive case is, how it is formed, and how it is used with nouns and adjectives. | ||
<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span> | |||
== What is the Genitive Case? == | == What is the Genitive Case? == | ||
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In this lesson, we learned that the genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun. We also learned how to form the genitive case, and how to use it with nouns and adjectives. | In this lesson, we learned that the genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun. We also learned how to form the genitive case, and how to use it with nouns and adjectives. | ||
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[[Category:Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course]] | [[Category:Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course]] | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
== | |||
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Accusative-Case|Accusative Case]] | * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Accusative-Case|Accusative Case]] | ||
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Past-Tense-(ӨТКЕН-ШАҚ)|Past Tense (ӨТКЕН ШАҚ)]] | * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Past-Tense-(ӨТКЕН-ШАҚ)|Past Tense (ӨТКЕН ШАҚ)]] | ||
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{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}} | {{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}} | ||
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Revision as of 22:48, 27 March 2023
The genitive case is one of the six cases in the Kazakh language. In this lesson, we will learn what the genitive case is, how it is formed, and how it is used with nouns and adjectives.
Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Plurals & Give your Opinion.
What is the Genitive Case?
The genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun.
How to Form the Genitive Case
In Kazakh, to form the genitive case, we usually add the suffix "-ның" (-nıñ) to the end of the noun. However, if a noun ends with a vowel, we add "-ның" (-nıñ) after an apostrophe (') to prevent vowel harmony. If the noun ends with the vowel "-ы" (-ı) or "-у" (-u), we add the suffix "-ңыз" (-ñız) instead.
Examples:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| бала (child) | bala | child |
| баланың (child's) | bala-nıñ | child's |
| кітап (book) | kitap | book |
| кітаптың (book's) | kitap-tıñ | book's |
| ой (moon) | oy | moon |
| ойдың (moon's) | oy-dıñ | moon's |
| қыз (girl) | qız | girl |
| қыздың (girl's) | qız-dıñ | girl's |
How to Use the Genitive Case with Nouns
1. Possession
To show that something belongs to someone or something, we use the genitive case with the possessor noun. The possessor noun is followed by the noun in the genitive case.
Examples:
- менің қаламым (my pen)
- сабаққа мұғалімның кітабы (the teacher's book for the lesson)
- Ақбота апарылы тілектерімен қолдануда (to use Akbota's carried luggage)
- тез оңдаған жігіттің айнасы (the mirror of the quick moving boy)
2. Quantity
To show how much of something there is, we use the genitive case with numbers or words indicating quantity.
Examples:
- екі кітаптың бірі (one of the two books)
- сәуірдің алты есімі (the sixth name of April)
- ең аса шаштықтардың бірі (one of the cheapest watches)
- стаильдердің басқа-басқа да басылдысы (the different printings of styles)
3. Material
To describe what something is made of, we use the genitive case with the material noun.
Examples:
- жүйрікке құқтар мен жұлдыздардың көбісі кібір жерлерінде маңызды (the majority of stones on some planets are made of rock and stars)
- жемделіс қуатты материалдардың бірі (one of the powerful materials in electricity)
- бүркін жаялғанжақтың самық онығы (the gossamer web of a densely overcast fence)
- көмірқұммен бөледі (it is broken into coal dust)
4. Origin
To show where something comes from, we use the genitive case with the origin or source noun.
Examples:
- Ақжайық көзінде оңайған мұнаралардың бірі (one of the stunning minarets seen in Akzhaiyk)
- Әулетінің қай бағанадан тандап алдыңыз? (Where did you choose the fur from?)
- Ақбайға қайтыс қойылған күн (the shining day when they leave the seaside)
- Асқарларды қаржы берсін деп, соқтыр бар жолы (The frozen road on which they drive Askars to give them the money)
How to Use the Genitive Case with Adjectives
In Kazakh grammar, an adjective may appear in the genitive form when it refers to a noun or pronoun that is also in the genitive form. The genitive adjective agrees with the gender and number of the noun or pronoun it modifies.
Examples:
- Ақботаштық үнемін (her melancholic song)
- ең кішкене ақаптың бірінен (one of the smallest lakes)
- Марияның гүлзары (Maria's rose garden)
- жию ойыншылардың ең алады (the best of the living players)
Summary
In this lesson, we learned that the genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun. We also learned how to form the genitive case, and how to use it with nouns and adjectives.
Sources
- A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner
- Kazakh
- Kazakh Grammar - with Affix List
- Kazakh language - Wikipedia
Other Lessons
- Accusative Case
- Past Tense (ӨТКЕН ШАҚ)
- Nominative Case
- Personal Pronouns
- Dative Case
- Stress and Intonation
- Present Tense
- Conditional Mood
- How to Use Be
- Temporal Adverbs