Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Relative-Clauses

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Sindhi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses

Introduction: Relative clauses play a crucial role in Sindhi grammar as they allow us to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of relative clauses in Sindhi. We will learn how to form them, use relative pronouns, and construct complex sentences. By understanding relative clauses, you will be able to express yourself more effectively and add depth to your Sindhi conversations and writing. So let's dive into the fascinating world of relative clauses in Sindhi!

Formation of Relative Clauses

A relative clause is a dependent clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are formed by using relative pronouns and relative adverbs. Let's take a closer look at each of these elements.

Relative Pronouns

In Sindhi, relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. They serve as a bridge between the main clause and the relative clause, connecting the two together. Here are the relative pronouns commonly used in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English Translation
جي (ji)	[ji]	who, which, that
کي (ki)	[ki]	whom, which, that
جو (jo)	[jo]	whose, which, that
جيڪي (jeki)	[jeki]	whoever, whichever

Let's see these relative pronouns in action with some examples:

1. هيڪ ڪتاب آهي جي چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek kitaab aahe ji chondi sacchi aahe.)
2. She is a book whose content is true.

1. ھن دڪان ۾ اوھان جي چيجون آهن. (Han dukaan mein uhan ji cheejon aahin.)
2. These are the things that are on the shop.

1. مان جو ڪون آهي علي جي دوست آهي. (Man jo kon aahe Ali ji dost aahe.)
2. The person who is standing is Ali's friend.

1. جيڪي ڪوئي پڙهو ٿا هو پوءَ ٿي جيڏو. (Jeki koi parho tha ho poo-a thi jido.)
2. Whoever reads this will understand it.

As you can see, the relative pronouns "جي (ji)", "کي (ki)", "جو (jo)", and "جيڪي (jeki)" introduce the relative clauses and establish a connection with the main clause.

Relative Adverbs

Apart from relative pronouns, Sindhi also uses relative adverbs to introduce relative clauses. These adverbs provide additional information about time, place, reason, or manner. Let's take a look at some commonly used relative adverbs in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English Translation
جيہن (jihen)	[jihen]	where
جيڪا (jika)	[jika]	when
جيڪي (jeki)	[jeki]	why
جيسا (jaisa)	[jaisa]	as

Here are a few examples to illustrate the use of relative adverbs in Sindhi:

1. هن ٻيٽ جيہن ڪنڊا مٿي ٿيا ويو. (Han beet jehen kanda mithi thiyo wayo.)
2. This is the well where I drank sweet water.

1. مان سچ ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪيئن آهي سچ ڪريان آهي. (Man sach karn ji jikka kiyaan aahe sach karyan aahe.)
2. The person who does good is good.

1. جيڪي ڪوئي ڪرڻ آهي، اوھان کيونڊا اچيون آهن. (Jeki koi karn aahe, uhan kiyanda achiyon aahin.)
2. Why do they do what they do?

1. توهان ٻيٽ ۾ جيسا ڪرڻ چاهيو ويو. (Tohan beet mein jaisa karn chaheyo wayo.)
2. You should do as I did.

By using relative adverbs, we can provide additional information about the time, place, reason, or manner of an action or event in Sindhi.

Constructing Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses

Relative clauses allow us to construct complex sentences by adding more information to the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are usually placed immediately after the noun or pronoun they modify. Let's look at some examples to understand how to construct complex sentences using relative clauses:

1. هيڪ مٿي ٿيون ٿا چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek mithi thyo tha chondi sacchi aahe.)
2. This is the well where sweet water was found.

1. مان کي جو پتنجو آهي، اوھان کي مانجھندو ڀرائيو آهي. (Man ki jo patnjo aahe, uhan ki manjhando bharaiyo aahe.)
2. The person whom I met is the one who won the competition.

1. چوڇو جيڪي هو بچو کي مدد ڪندو آهي. (Chocho jeki ho bacho ki madad kando aahe.)
2. The boy whom he helps is my friend.

1. مري چوڻ آهي جيڪي ٻن ڪرڻ آهي. (Mari chon aahe jeki ban karn aahe.)
2. The task I have to do is difficult.

As you can see from these examples, relative clauses provide additional information about the noun or pronoun in the main clause, allowing us to construct more detailed and nuanced sentences in Sindhi.

Cultural Insights

Relative clauses are an integral part of the Sindhi language and are used extensively in both spoken and written communication. Sindhi culture places a strong emphasis on family and community, and this is reflected in the language as well. In Sindhi, it is common to use relative clauses to provide detailed information about family relationships, community connections, and social dynamics.

For example, a sentence like "هن کي جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (Han ki jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) translates to "She is the one who is my sister-in-law." Here, the relative clause "جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) provides information about the speaker's relationship with the person being referred to.

Sindhi culture is also deeply rooted in traditional values and customs. Relative clauses are often used to describe cultural practices, traditions, and rituals. For example, a sentence like "جو ڪنهن کي جوهري چڙيو ويو" (Jo kenhin ki johri chadhiyo wayo) translates to "The person who wore the traditional jewelry." Here, the relative clause "جوهري چڙيو ويو" (johri chadhiyo wayo) provides information about the cultural practice of wearing traditional jewelry.

Sindhi literature and poetry also make extensive use of relative clauses to add depth and beauty to the language. Poets often employ relative clauses to create vivid imagery and evoke emotions in their works. By understanding relative clauses, you will not only enhance your language skills but also gain insights into the rich cultural heritage of Sindhi-speaking communities.

Exercises

Now, let's practice what we have learned by doing some exercises. Choose the correct relative pronoun or adverb to complete each sentence:

1. ڪون آهي جيڪي ________ سچ پڑهو ٿا؟ a) جو b) جي c) کي d) جيڪي

2. هي ڪتاب آهي ________ هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو. a) جو b) کي c) جي d) جيڪي

3. توهان ڪٽي جيهن ________ سفر ڪريو ويو؟ a) کي b) جين c) جيہن d) جيڪا

4. ھو ________ پاني پيو ويو. a) جين b) جو c) جوهري d) جيڪا

5. توهان ____ کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو. a) جو b) جيهن c) جيڪي d) جين

Now, let's check the answers:

1. b) جي 2. a) جو 3. c) جيہن 4. b) جو 5. c) جيڪي

Solutions

1. ڪون آهي جيڪي جو سچ پڑهو ٿا؟ a) جو b) جي c) کي d) جيڪي

2. هي ڪتاب آهي جو هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو. a) جو b) کي c) جي d) جيڪي

3. توهان ڪٽي جيهن جيہن توهان سفر ڪريو ويو؟ a) کي b) جين c) جيہن d) جيڪا

4. ھو جو پاني پيو ويو. a) جين b) جو c) جوهري d) جيڪا

5. توهان جيڪي کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو. a) جو b) جيهن c) جيڪي d) جين

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form relative clauses in Sindhi. You have explored the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs to construct complex sentences. By mastering relative clauses, you can now add depth and nuance to your Sindhi communication. Keep practicing and incorporating relative clauses into your conversations and writing to become a more fluent and confident Sindhi speaker. Well done!

Table of Contents - Sindhi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Sindhi Script

• Sindhi Alphabet
• Basic Consonants and Vowels

  ---

Everyday Vocabulary

• Greetings and Introductions
• Numbers and Counting
• Days of the Week and Months
• Colors and Shapes
• Food and Beverages

  ---

Basic Grammar Concepts

• Nouns and Pronouns
• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Verbs and Tenses
• Prepositions and Conjunctions

  ---

Everyday Situations

• At Home
• At Work
• At School
• Shopping
• Travel and Transportation

  ---

More Grammar Concepts

• Question Formation
• Negation
• Imperatives
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Expressing Possession

  ---

Culture and Traditions

• Festivals and Celebrations
• Traditional Clothing
• Music and Dance
• Cuisine
• History and Landmarks

  ---

Advanced Grammar Concepts

• Conditional Sentences
• Passive Voice
• Subjunctive Mood
• Relative Clauses
• Reported Speech

Sources

• Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet

Other Lessons

• Imperatives
• Nouns and Pronouns
• Sindhi Alphabet
• How to Use Have
• Basic Consonants and Vowels
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Question Formation
• Reported Speech
• How to Use Be

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