Language/Odia/Grammar/Present-Tense
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense of Odia verbs! In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the present tense in Odia. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or actions that happen regularly. It is an essential part of everyday communication and will help you express yourself in various situations.
In this comprehensive lesson, we will cover the formation of the present tense, including the different verb endings based on gender and number. We will also explore the usage of the present tense in different contexts, such as describing habits, routines, and ongoing actions. Additionally, we will provide plenty of examples and exercises to practice what you have learned.
Let's dive into the world of the present tense in Odia!
Formation of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]
To form the present tense in Odia, we generally add specific endings to the verb root. The endings vary depending on the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:
Masculine Singular[edit | edit source]
In the masculine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛି (-uchi).
Here are a few examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ଖେଲଉଛି | khelauchi | I play |
| ପଢଉଛି | padhauchi | I read |
| ଲେଖଉଛି | lekhauchi | I write |
Feminine Singular[edit | edit source]
In the feminine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିନ୍ତି (-uchinti).
Here are a few examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ଖେଲଉଛିନ୍ତି | khelauchinti | She plays |
| ପଢଉଛିନ୍ତି | padhauchinti | She reads |
| ଲେଖଉଛିନ୍ତି | lekhauchinti | She writes |
Neuter Singular[edit | edit source]
In the neuter singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିଛି (-uchhi).
Here are a few examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ଖେଲଉଛିଛି | khelauchhi | It plays |
| ପଢଉଛିଛି | padhauchhi | It reads |
| ଲେଖଉଛିଛି | lekhauchhi | It writes |
Plural[edit | edit source]
In the plural form, regardless of the gender, the verb ending is -ୟେ (-ye).
Here are a few examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ଖେଲଉଛିୟେ | khelauchhiye | They play |
| ପଢଉଛିୟେ | padhauchhiye | They read |
| ଲେଖଉଛିୟେ | lekhauchhiye | They write |
Usage of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]
Now that we have learned how to form the present tense, let's explore its usage in different contexts.
Describing Habits and Routines[edit | edit source]
The present tense is commonly used to describe habits and routines. It allows us to talk about actions that we do regularly or repeatedly.
Here are a few examples:
- ମୋର ପରିବାରରେ ସକାଳରେ ବେଦ୍ଯ୍ୟ ଖାଇଥାଏ। (Mor paribarare sakalare bedyo khaithae.) - In my family, we eat breakfast in the morning.
- ମୁଁ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସାପ୍ତାହିକ ପତ୍ରିକା ପଢାଉଛି। (Mun pratinidin saptahika patrika padhauchi.) - I read a weekly magazine every day.
- ଆମର ପରିବାରରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ରାତିରେ ଭୋଜନ କରୁଥାଏ। (Amar paribarare sadharanatah rati re bhojan karuthae.) - In our family, we usually have dinner at night.
Expressing Ongoing Actions[edit | edit source]
The present tense is also used to talk about ongoing actions or actions that are happening right now.
Here are a few examples:
- ତାରଙ୍କର ମାଥାରେ ଆପାତକାଳୀନ ବର୍ଷା ପଡୁଥିଲେ। (Taraṅkara mathare apātakālīna barṣā paḍuthile.) - It was raining heavily on his head.
- ମୋର ବନ୍ଦା ଘରରେ ଖେଳୁଛି। (Mor banda ghare kheluuchi.) - My brother is playing at home.
- ତୁମର ପରିବାରରେ ଖେଳୁଛିନି। (Tumara paribarare kheluuchini.) - Your family is playing.
Exercise: Forming Present Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]
Now it's time for some practice! Let's form the present tense of the following verbs:
- ଯାଇଥିବା (yāithibā) - to go
- ଆସିଥିବା (āsithibā) - to come
- କହିଥିବା (kahithibā) - to say
Please write the present tense forms of these verbs for each gender and number.
Solution:
- ଯାଉଛି (yāuchi) - I go
- ଯାଉଛିନ୍ତି (yāuchinti) - She goes
- ଯାଉଛିଛି (yāuchhi) - It goes
- ଯାଉଛିୟେ (yāuchhiye) - They go
- ଆସୁଛି (āsuchi) - I come
- ଆସୁଛିନ୍ତି (āsuchinti) - She comes
- ଆସୁଛିଛି (āsuchhi) - It comes
- ଆସୁଛିୟେ (āsuchhiye) - They come
- କହୁଛି (kahuuchi) - I say
- କହୁଛିନ୍ତି (kahuuchinti) - She says
- କହୁଛିଛି (kahuuchhi) - It says
- କହୁଛିୟେ (kahuuchhiye) - They say
Cultural Insight: Language Variation in Odia Verbs[edit | edit source]
While the formation of the present tense verbs remains consistent throughout the Odia-speaking regions, there are some variations in the usage and understanding of verbs.
In certain regions, especially the western parts of Odisha, the present tense of verbs is often influenced by the Sambalpuri dialect. Speakers from these regions may use slightly different verb endings or pronunciations. For example, instead of -ଉଛି (-uchi) for the masculine singular form, they might use -ଉଛିନ୍ (-uchin) or -ଉଛିନ୍ତିନ୍ (-uchintin). These variations add to the richness and diversity of the Odia language.
It's fascinating to see how language evolves and adapts across different regions, reflecting the unique cultural heritage and history of each place. Embracing these variations allows us to appreciate the beauty and diversity of the Odia language.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the present tense of Odia verbs. This knowledge will enable you to express yourself accurately in various situations and describe ongoing actions or routines.
Remember to practice using the present tense in your conversations and written exercises to reinforce your understanding. As you progress in your journey to learn Odia, continue exploring the rich cultural aspects of the language, including its regional variations and historical influences.
In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense of Odia verbs. Stay tuned for more exciting language learning adventures!
Videos[edit | edit source]
Present Indefinite Tense in Odia - 2 ...[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
- english grammar tense in odia|| english grammar class for osssc ...
- Odia grammar - Wikipedia
- Odia Tense Chart Part 1|| Basic English Grammar - YouTube
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Basic Syllable Formation
- Adjectives
- Vowels
- Conjunctions
- Questions
- Basic Prepositions
- Plurals
- Word Formation
- Negation
- Possessive Pronouns
| ◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️ |