Language/Odia/Grammar/Past-Tense
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, you will learn about the past tense in Odia. The past tense is used when you want to talk about an action that took place in the past.
To form the past tense, you will need to know the different types of verbs in Odia and the rules for conjugation. In addition, we will learn some cultural information and interesting facts about Odia language and culture to help you better understand and appreciate the language.
Past Tense Formation
In Odia, the past tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the present tense verb root according to the verb type. There are three types of verbs in Odia:
- ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟୀ (paryayi) or regular verbs
- ଅପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟୀ (aparyayi) or irregular verbs
- ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି (utpatti) or causative verbs
Let's see the past tense formation of each type of verbs:
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟୀ (Paryayi) or Regular Verbs
Most Odia verbs belong to this type, and their past tense is formed by adding the suffix '-ଲି' (-li) to the present tense verb root. This is similar to adding '-ed' to English verbs to make them past tense. Let's see some examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| ଖେଳିଲା | khelila | played |
| ପଢିଲା | padhila | read |
| ଆସିଲା | asilā | came |
ଅପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟୀ (Aparyayi) or Irregular Verbs
This type of Odia verbs has an irregular past tense formation that does not follow any specific pattern. Here are some examples:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| ହାତ୍ | hāt | held |
| କହିବା | kahibā | said |
| କରିଥିଲା | kari thila | did |
ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି (Utpatti) or Causative Verbs
This type of verbs in Odia describes the action of causing or making something happen. The past tense is formed by adding the suffix '-ଆନ୍ତି' (-anti) or '-ଆଇଲେ' (-aile) to the present tense verb root. Here's an example:
| Odia | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| ଡାକିଆନ୍ତି | dakianti | made call |
Using the Past Tense in Sentences
Now that you know how to form the past tense in Odia, let's see how to use it in sentences.
Subject + Verb in Past Tense + Object
To make a sentence in past tense in Odia, we need to follow the structure: subject + verb in past tense + object.
For example:
- ମୁଁ ଖେଳିଲା। (mu khelila) - I played.
- ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ମୋ ଖେଲିଲା। (tank pāimu khelila) - I played for him/her.
In the above examples, the verb 'ଖେଳିଲା' (khelila) is used in the past tense. Additionally, in the second example, we used the object pronoun 'ତାଙ୍କ' (tank) to indicate that the speaker played for someone else.
Using Adverbs with Past Tense Verbs
Adverbs are an important part of Odia language and can be used with past tense verbs to express the time, frequency, or intensity of the action. For example:
- ମୁଁ କଳରେ ଖେଳିଲା। (mu kala re khelila) - I played yesterday.
- ତାଙ୍କ ସଙ୍ଗେ ମୁଁ ଦୁଃଖିତ ହେଲି। (tank sange mu dukhit hēli) - I was sad with him/her.
- ମୁଁ ହେମନ୍ତ ପର୍ବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଦେଖିଲେ। (mu hemanta parbartana dekhilē) - I saw the Hemant hills.
Notice how the adverb 'କଳ' (kala) is used in the first example to indicate 'yesterday.' In the second example, the adverb 'ସଙ୍ଗେ' (sange) is used with the past tense verb to indicate that the subject was with someone.
Interesting Facts about Odia Language and Culture
Odia is an ancient language:
The Odia language has a rich history that dates back to at least the 7th century AD. The earliest known inscription in Odia language is the Hati Gumpha Inscription carved by King Kharavela in the 2nd century BC in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves of Bhubaneswar.
Odia is the official language of Odisha:
Odia is the official language of the Indian state of Odisha, where it is spoken by more than 40 million people.
Odia is a versatile language:
Odia is a versatile language that has contributed significantly to Indian literature, art, and music. It has its own unique script that is praised for its beauty and simplicity.
Odia is part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language family and is closely related to the Bengali and Assamese languages. It has also been influenced by Sanskrit and Dravidian languages such as Tamil and Telugu.
Popular Odia festivals:
Odisha is famous for its unique festivals, and three of the most popular festivals are:
- Ratha Yatra: A religious festival dedicated to Lord Jagannath, held annually in the city of Puri.
- Durga Puja: A Hindu festival celebrating the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura.
- Konark Dance Festival: A cultural festival held in the Konark Sun Temple dedicated to Odissi classical dance.
Traditional Odia Art and Craft:
Odia art and craft are renowned for their intricate designs and beauty. Some famous Odia art forms are Pattachitra, which are traditional paintings on canvas or silk, and applique work, known as Chikankari or Kasuti work, which involves intricate embroidery on textiles.
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Videos[edit | edit source]
Past Indefinite Tense in Odia || Simple Past Tense Examples || Odia ...[edit | edit source]
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Past Continuous Tense in Odia || Past Progressive Tense Examples ...[edit | edit source]
Past Perfect Tense in Odia || ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅତୀତ କାଳ || All ...[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Negation
- How to Use Have
- Conjunctions
- Basic Syllable Formation
- Wh Questions
- Give your Opinion
- Personal Pronouns
- Subject Verb Object
- Adjectives
- Pronouns
Sources[edit | edit source]
| ◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️ |