Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have
Hi Central Kurdish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use "have" in Central Kurdish. "Have" is a very important verb in English, as it is used in many tenses and forms. We will see how it is used in Central Kurdish, and we will compare it to its use in English.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Nouns & 0 to A1 Course.
What does "have" mean in Central Kurdish?[edit | edit source]
"Have" is translated to "داشتن" in Central Kurdish. It is used to show possession of something, or to indicate an action that has already been completed.
For example:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| من دوو کتێبەکە داشتم. | [mɛn doːw kitɛbɛkɛ daʃtɛm] | I had two books. |
| ئەو ئەم پاڵەوانە دەگرینون. | [ɛw ɛm paːlɛwaːnɛ dɛgriːnun] | They have eaten these fruits. |
It is important to note that "داشتن" is used to express possession only in the present tense. To express possession in the past tense, Central Kurdish uses the verb "بوون".
How is "have" used in the present tense?[edit | edit source]
In the present tense, "have" is used to show possession, just like in English. To form the present tense of "have" in Central Kurdish, use the following table:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| min/hin/ew/dil/tu/drê/ez/awa | em/hin/hen |
For example:
- Ez hunermandim. - I have a talent.
- Ew malên xwe dikin. - They have their own houses.
Note that the third person singular can be translated to "he has", "she has" or "it has", depending on the context.
How is "have" used in the past tense?[edit | edit source]
As mentioned earlier, "داشتن" cannot be used to express possession in the past tense. For this, Central Kurdish uses the verb "بوون", which means "to be".
The past tense of "بوون" has the following forms:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| ma/ba | me/ni |
For example:
- Mi têkoşînekî xwe hebû. - I had my own struggle.
- Bêtêjên wan firlî bûne. - Their fights have ended.
However, when "have" is used to indicate an action that has already been completed, it can be translated to "داشتن" in the past tense. For this, Central Kurdish uses the same table as in the present tense.
For example:
- Min li ser dibistanê du kîtap xwendî bû. - I had read two books at school.
- Hin kesan li vir bûne. - Some people have been here.
How is "have" used in other tenses?[edit | edit source]
In Central Kurdish, as in English, "have" is used in many tenses, such as the perfect tenses, the continuous tenses, and the future perfect tense. Here are a few examples:
- Ez li ser ser otobusê dêr hatim. - I will have been waiting at the bus stop.
- Hunermendêkî xwediyê dengê xwe lêzan ji min re kir. - A talented person had made their voice low for me.
- Min di nav deh salên xwe de niha li cîhanê ye. - I have been in the world for ten years now.
To form these tenses, Central Kurdish uses auxiliary verbs, such as "بوون" and "داشتن". We will learn more about these verbs in future lessons.
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
Person 1: تۆ داشتنی جوانت دەکەی. (You have your youth.)
Person 2: بەژنی کارت بکە، پاش ئەوە ماوەی تەندرووستت بدە. (Use your time wisely, after that your health weakness.)
Person 1: دەمێنین دەکەی؟ (Do you have food?)
Person 2: نە، بەسەر مالەکەم دەرچووە. (No, my house was robbed.)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we learned how to use "have" in Central Kurdish. We saw that it is used to indicate possession and completed actions, just like in English. We also learned that Central Kurdish uses the verb "بوون" to express possession in the past tense. Remember that to improve your Central Kurdish grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
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Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: Descriptive Adjectives & Forming Simple Sentences.