Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Prepositions-of-Place

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Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions of Place

Welcome to our lesson on Prepositions of Place in Central Pashto! This is an essential topic for anyone looking to express the location of objects or people in the Pashto language. Understanding prepositions of place will help you communicate more effectively about where things are situated, whether in a room, on the street, or in a more abstract sense.

In this lesson, we will explore:

• The definitions and importance of prepositions of place

• A detailed list of common prepositions and their meanings

• Examples to illustrate their usage

• Practice scenarios to reinforce your learning

By the end of this lesson, you'll have a solid grasp of how to use prepositions of place in Central Pashto, allowing you to describe locations with confidence!

Importance of Prepositions in Central Pashto

Prepositions are integral to constructing meaningful sentences. They provide context, indicating relationships between different elements within a sentence. Particularly, prepositions of place convey essential information regarding the location of objects or individuals. Mastering these will enhance your descriptive abilities, helping you navigate conversations about everyday life, travel, and more. For instance, when you want to say that a book is on the table or a cat is under the chair, knowing the proper preposition is crucial.

Common Prepositions of Place in Central Pashto

In this section, we will discuss common prepositions of place in Central Pashto. Each preposition will be accompanied by its pronunciation and English translation. Below is a table summarizing these prepositions:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
په	pa	in
پر	par	on
لاندې	landay	under
پورته	portay	above
مخې	makhay	in front of
شات	shaat	behind
ترڅنګ	tar tsang	beside
تر	tar	under
د	da	of
د باندې	da bande	outside

Now, let's delve into the usage of each preposition with examples:

1. په (pa) - in

This preposition indicates that something is located within a certain area or space.

• Example: کتاب په میز کې دی (Kitab pa mez ke de) – The book is on the table.

2. پر (par) - on

This preposition indicates that something is resting on a surface.

• Example: کتاب پر میز دی (Kitab par mez de) – The book is on the table.

3. لاندې (landay) - under

This preposition indicates a position beneath something.

• Example: پيسه لاندې دی (Paisa landay de) – The money is under the bed.

4. پورته (portay) - above

This preposition indicates a position higher than something else.

• Example: پینځه پورته دی (Panjah portay de) – The five is above the six.

5. مخې (makhay) - in front of

This preposition indicates a position ahead of something.

• Example: موټر مخې دی (Motor makhay de) – The car is in front of the house.

6. شات (shaat) - behind

This preposition indicates a position at the back of something.

• Example: کتاب شات دی (Kitab shaat de) – The book is behind the chair.

7. ترڅنګ (tar tsang) - beside

This preposition indicates a position next to something.

• Example: موټر ترڅنګ دی (Motor tar tsang de) – The car is beside the bike.

8. تر (tar) - under

This preposition can also indicate a position beneath something.

• Example: پالنګ تر میز دی (Palang tar mez de) – The bed is under the table.

9. د (da) - of

This preposition indicates possession or relation.

• Example: کتاب د پوهاند دی (Kitab da pohand de) – The book is of the scholar.

10. د باندې (da bande) - outside

This preposition indicates a position external to a certain area.

• Example: کتاب د باندې دی (Kitab da bande de) – The book is outside.

Practice Exercises

Now that we have covered the common prepositions of place and illustrated their usage through examples, let's practice! Below are exercises designed to help you apply what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the correct preposition of place from the list below: په, پر, لاندې, پورته, مخې, شات, ترڅنګ, تر, د, د باندې.

1. کتاب ____ میز دی. (The book is on the table.)

2. پيسه ____ دی. (The money is under the bed.)

3. موټر ____ دی. (The car is in front of the house.)

4. کتاب ____ دی. (The book is behind the chair.)

5. پالنګ ____ دی. (The bed is under the table.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences from English to Central Pashto.

1. The dog is beside the tree.

2. The cat is under the chair.

3. The ball is above the table.

4. The book is outside the house.

5. The child is in front of the teacher.

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation

Create sentences using the following prepositions of place:

1. په (in)

2. پر (on)

3. لاندې (under)

4. پورته (above)

5. شات (behind)

Exercise 4: True or False

Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on the prepositions of place.

1. کتاب پر میز دی. (The book is on the table.) (True/False)

2. موټر شات دی. (The car is behind.) (True/False)

3. کتاب د باندې دی. (The book is outside.) (True/False)

4. پيسه پورته دی. (The money is above.) (True/False)

5. پالنګ تر میز دی. (The bed is under the table.) (True/False)

Exercise 5: Matching Exercise

Match the Central Pashto phrases with their English translations:

1. کتاب شات دی.

2. موټر تر میز دی.

3. پيسه په کټ کې دی.

4. کتاب د پوهاند دی.

5. چوکی د باندې دی.

| Central Pashto Phrase | English Translation |

|-----------------------|---------------------|

| A. The book is behind. | 1. The book is of the scholar. |

| B. The car is under the table. | 2. The money is on the bed. |

| C. The ball is outside the house. | 3. The chair is outside. |

| D. The money is on the bed. | 4. The book is behind. |

| E. The book is of the scholar. | 5. The car is under the table. |

Answers and Explanations

Now let's review the answers for each exercise to help you understand where you may have gone right or wrong.

Exercise 1: Answers

1. پر (par)

2. لاندې (landay)

3. مخې (makhay)

4. شات (shaat)

5. تر (tar)

Exercise 2: Answers

1. سپېل د ونې تر څنګ دی. (Sparay da wane tar tsang de.)

2. پيسه د چوکی لاندې دی. (Paisa da chaki landay de.)

3. توپ د مېز پورته دی. (Top da mez portay de.)

4. کتاب د کور د باندې دی. (Kitab da kor da bande de.)

5. ماشوم د ښوونکي مخې دی. (Mashoom da shonke makhay de.)

Exercise 3: Example Sentences

1. کتاب په کټ کې دی. (Kitab pa kat ke de.) – The book is in the bed.

2. مخکې پر میز دی. (Makha par mez de.) – The plate is on the table.

3. کتاب د کټ لاندې دی. (Kitab da kat landay de.) – The book is under the bed.

4. کتاب پورته دی. (Kitab portay de.) – The book is above the desk.

5. کتاب شات دی. (Kitab shaat de.) – The book is behind the chair.

Exercise 4: Answers

1. True

2. False (It should be "موټر مخې دی.")

3. True

4. False (It should be "پيسه لاندې دی.")

5. True

Exercise 5: Answers

1. A – 4

2. B – 1

3. D – 2

4. E – 5

5. C – 3

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this lesson on Prepositions of Place in Central Pashto! You have learned essential vocabulary and practical sentence structures that will help you describe the locations of objects and people. Remember, practice makes perfect, so continue to use these prepositions in your daily conversations. As you progress through the course, you will build on this foundation, enhancing your fluency in Central Pashto. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Numbers 11-20

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Common Verbs

• Action Verbs
• State Verbs

  ---

Present Tense

• Present Simple
• Present Continuous

  ---

Food and Drink

• Common Foods
• Common Drinks

  ---

Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• Wh-Questions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

  ---

House and Home

• Rooms and Furniture
• Household Chores

  ---

Prepositions

• Common Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place

  ---

Hobbies and Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Sports

  ---

Past Tense

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Essentials

  ---

Pashtun Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Clothing
• Pashtun Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Object Pronouns
• Present Simple
• Negation
• Subject Object Verb
• Present Continuous
• Conditional Mood
• Pronouns
• Past Continuous
• Questions

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