Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Prepositions-of-Place

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Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions → Prepositions of Place

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore prepositions of place in Central Pashto. Prepositions are important in any language as they help us describe the location of objects and establish spatial relationships. Understanding and using prepositions correctly will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Central Pashto.

In this lesson, we will cover the meanings and usage of common prepositions of place in Central Pashto. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point and give you the opportunity to practice using prepositions in sentences. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage of prepositions and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of prepositions of place in Central Pashto and be able to confidently describe the location of objects in your sentences.

Common Prepositions of Place

Let's start by learning about some common prepositions of place in Central Pashto. These prepositions help us indicate the position or location of an object in relation to another object or place.

Here are some of the most frequently used prepositions of place in Central Pashto:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English Translation
د	de	in, at
په	pə	on, upon
له	lə	to, towards
چې	che	behind
دې	de	under, below
په ځمکه کې	pə zməka kə	beside, next to
په لاندې	pə lānde	between
په پېښې	pə pešə	in front of
د تندې کې	de tənde kə	above, over

Usage of Prepositions of Place

Now that we know the common prepositions of place in Central Pashto, let's explore their usage in sentences.

1. د (de) - in, at Example sentences:

• زما کتاب د میز کې دی. (Zəmā kitāb de mez kə də) - My book is on the table.
• مینه په ځمکه کې دي. (Mīne pə zməka kə də) - The menu is beside me.

2. په (pə) - on, upon Example sentences:

• کتاب په میز کې دی. (Kitāb pə mez kə də) - The book is on the table.
• میز په ځمکه کې ده. (Mez pə zməka kə də) - The table is beside the wall.

3. له (lə) - to, towards Example sentences:

• زما خوځېدونکې له کابل ته دي. (Zəmā khwəśedonkə lə Kābul tə də) - My relatives are going to Kabul.
• زما میوه له کور کې ده. (Zəmā mēwə lə kōr kə də) - My fruit is at home.

4. چې (che) - behind Example sentences:

• چې اسپینړ دیکه وي. (Che aspənṛə deka wəi) - The mirror is behind the door.
• چې زما چارواکه د دېوالې په څیر کې ده. (Che zəmā chārwāka də dēwālə pə tsēr kə də) - The chair is behind the wall.

5. دې (de) - under, below Example sentences:

• دې لوبې په میز کې ده. (De lōbe pə mez kə də) - The pen is under the table.
• دې کتاب په کابل کې دې. (De kitāb pə Kābul kə de) - The book is below Kabul.

6. په ځمکه کې (pə zməka kə) - beside, next to Example sentences:

• زما موبایل په ځمکه کې ده. (Zəmā mubāyl pə zməka kə də) - My phone is beside me.
• بریښنالې په ځمکه کې دې. (Bərēšnalə pə zməka kə də) - The glasses are next to the plate.

7. په لاندې (pə lānde) - between Example sentences:

• په لاندې دوه میزونه په کور کې وي. (Pə lānde dwa mezona pə kōr kə wəi) - There are two tables between the houses.
• په لاندې دوه میوه وي. (Pə lānde dwa mēwe wəi) - There are two fruits in between.

8. په پېښې (pə pešə) - in front of Example sentences:

• پېښې زما کتاب په کابل کې ده. (Pešə zəmā kitāb pə Kābul kə də) - In front of me, there is a book in Kabul.
• پېښې زما ګلوکار په کارخانه کې ده. (Pešə zəmā gəlōkār pə kārkhāna kə də) - In front of me, there is a worker in the factory.

9. د تندې کې (de tənde kə) - above, over Example sentences:

• زما چمبې په کابل کې د تندې کې ده. (Zəmā čambē pə Kābul de tənde kə də) - Above me, there is a lamp in Kabul.
• خوب وروستۍ په د کتاب په تندې کې ده. (Khōb warūstə pə də kitāb pə tənde kə də) - A nice bird is over the book.

Cultural Insights

The usage of prepositions of place may vary slightly in different regions of Central Pashto-speaking areas. For example, the preposition "د" (de) can also mean "at" in some dialects, whereas "په" (pə) is used more commonly in the standard Central Pashto.

In Pashtun culture, the concept of personal space is highly valued, and the choice of prepositions can reflect this cultural norm. For instance, Pashtuns often use the preposition "په لاندې" (pə lānde) meaning "between" when describing the location of objects or people, highlighting the importance of maintaining distance and boundaries.

Interesting fact: In traditional Pashtun architecture, houses are designed with a central courtyard known as "hujra." This open space serves as a gathering place for family and friends and is often surrounded by rooms. The use of prepositions in describing the location of objects within the hujra is significant to Pashtun culture.

Practice Exercises

Now it's time to practice using prepositions of place in Central Pashto! Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. 1. زما کتاب ___ میز کې ده. (Zəmā kitāb ___ mez kə də) - My book is on the table. 2. میز ___ ځمکه کې ده. (Mez ___ zməka kə də) - The table is beside the wall. 3. دې لوبې ___ میز کې ده. (De lōbe ___ mez kə də) - The pen is under the table. 4. پېښې زما کتاب ___ کابل کې ده. (Pešə zəmā kitāb ___ Kābul kə də) - In front of me, there is a book in Kabul.

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto. 1. The cat is behind the chair. 2. The flowers are between the two trees. 3. The mosque is in front of the school. 4. The bird is above the clouds.

Solutions

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. 1. زما کتاب په میز کې ده. (Zəmā kitāb pə mez kə də) 2. میز په ځمکه کې ده. (Mez pə zməka kə də) 3. دې لوبې په میز کې ده. (De lōbe pə mez kə də) 4. پېښې زما کتاب په کابل کې ده. (Pešə zəmā kitāb pə Kābul kə də)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto. 1. کتځې په چې چيښ وي. (Katzhē pə che chēṛə wəi) 2. ګلابو په لاندې دوه درې وي. (Gulābu pə lānde dwa dəre wəi) 3. مسجد په پېښې مکتب کې ده. (Masjid pə pešə məktəb kə də) 4. پرنده د تندې کې وي. (Paranda de tənde kə wəi)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about prepositions of place in Central Pashto. By understanding the meanings and usage of these prepositions, you can now describe the location of objects accurately in your sentences. Keep practicing and incorporating prepositions into your daily conversations to strengthen your Central Pashto skills.

In the next lesson, we will delve into another aspect of Central Pashto grammar. Stay tuned and continue your journey towards becoming proficient in Central Pashto!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Numbers 11-20

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Common Verbs

• Action Verbs
• State Verbs

  ---

Present Tense

• Present Simple
• Present Continuous

  ---

Food and Drink

• Common Foods
• Common Drinks

  ---

Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• Wh-Questions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

  ---

House and Home

• Rooms and Furniture
• Household Chores

  ---

Prepositions

• Common Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place

  ---

Hobbies and Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Sports

  ---

Past Tense

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Essentials

  ---

Pashtun Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Clothing
• Pashtun Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Object Pronouns
• Present Simple
• Negation
• Subject Object Verb
• Present Continuous
• Conditional Mood
• Pronouns
• Past Continuous
• Questions

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