Difference between revisions of "Language/Tajik/Grammar/Plurals"
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|description=In this lesson, you will learn the different plural forms of words in Tajik, including exceptions, with examples and dialogue to help you put them into practice. | |description=In this lesson, you will learn the different plural forms of words in Tajik, including exceptions, with examples and dialogue to help you put them into practice. | ||
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==Related Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] | |||
* [[Language/Tajik/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] | |||
{{Tajik-Page-Bottom}} | {{Tajik-Page-Bottom}} |
Revision as of 12:29, 6 March 2023
Hi Tajik learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring plural forms in Tajik. You may already know that plural forms are used when referring to more than one object, person or concept. However, in Tajik, there are a few different ways to express the plural, and they can vary depending on the noun gender and ending.
Nouns ending in -ҳ
Nouns ending in -ҳ become plural by replacing the -ҳ with the suffix -ҳо. This plural form applies to all noun genders.
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
китоб | kitob | book |
китобҳо | kitobho | books |
мадраса | madrasa | school |
мадрасаҳо | madrasaho | schools |
китф | kitf | bone |
китфҳо | kitfho | bones |
Dialogue:
- Person 1: Модарса дар китобҳо дастури мухтасарҳо нақш мекунанд. (Teachers draw pictures in short textbooks.)
- Person 2: Ман гурӯҳ бозӣ дар онҳои мадрасаҳо наомадам. (I played volleyball in those schools.)
Nouns ending in vowels (except -и)
Nouns that end in vowels are made plural by adding the suffix -ҳо to the singular form. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
баробар | barobar | equal |
баробарҳо | barobarho | equals |
шахс | shahs | person |
шахсҳо | shahsho | people |
ҷавоб | javob | answer |
ҷавобҳо | javobho | answers |
Dialogue:
- Person 1: Баробарҳо бо монанди баробар низ мегӯяд. (Equals are not born with the meaning of equal.)
- Person 2: Шумо бояд ҷавобҳои шуморо дар тестҳо медиҳед. (You must give your answers in the tests.)
Nouns ending in -и
Nouns that end in -и become plural by changing the -и to -ён. This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
рӯзгор | ruzgor | day-labourer |
рӯзгорён | ruzgoryon | day-labourers |
таърих | tarih | history |
таърихён | tarih yon | histories |
забон | zaban | language |
забонён | zabonyon | languages |
Dialogue:
- Person 1: Мардум одамони рӯзгорёнро шукӯҳ мепаранд. (People appreciate the hard work of labourers.)
- Person 2: Ёдҳои забонёнро бо мутолиа намоед мевақт кадров дар сеҳати дунё афзоид мепазирам. (Study of languages will increase career opportunities in the health sector.)
Nouns ending in consonants
Nouns ending in consonants show no change in the plural, and can be grouped into three categories:
- Nouns that end in -р, -л, -н, -й, -м, -в retain the last consonant in the plural form.
- Nouns that end in -т, -д, -з replace the final consonant with -она.
- Nouns that end in -п, -к, -г, -ф, -х, -ҳ replace the final consonant with -ҳо in the plural form.
This plural form applies to nouns of both genders.
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
дерс | dars | lesson |
дарсон | darson | lessons |
китобгӯ | kitobgu | librarian |
китобгӯҳо | kitobguho | librarians |
дӯст | dust | friend |
дӯстон | doston | friends |
қаҳва | qahva | coffee |
қаҳваҳо | qahvaho | coffees |
Dialogue:
- Person 1: Шумо метавонед бо дӯстонро аз рӯи истиқбол ба рӯзи шанбе пайда шавед. (You can be prepared to welcome friends on Saturday.)
- Person 2: Вай қаҳваҳо яке бадаф нарафтаанд. (They did not make any coffee.)
Exceptions
As with any language, there are always words that do not follow the rules above. Here are a few exceptions that must be memorized:
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
фарход | farhod | Farhod (name) |
сӣмӣ | siimi | samovar |
айъни Тӯҷик | ayni Tojik | Tajik mirror |
хонгар | hongar | Hongar (name) |
харомга | xaromga | protected area |
Dialogue:
- Person 1: Айъни Тӯҷикро ба ширкат медоранд? (Do they use Tajik mirrors in the company?)
- Person 2: Ман ҳамаи номҳои хонгарро яд гирӯ фармондам. (I memorized all of the names of Hongar.)
Now that you are armed with knowledge about Tajik grammar plurals, you can practice with different sentences and keep expanding your vocabulary. To improve your Tajik Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Sources
Related Lessons
- Questions
- Future Tense
- Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Gender
- Nouns
- Personal Pronouns
- Give your Opinion
- Conditional Mood