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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Descriptions → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Descriptions → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>


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<h1>Comparatives and Superlatives in Odia</h1>
== Introduction ==
 
In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language. Adjectives play a crucial role in describing nouns and adding depth to our conversations. By learning how to form comparatives and superlatives, you will be able to express comparisons and emphasize the degree of a particular quality or attribute. This knowledge will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Odia and expand your vocabulary.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will provide clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to help you grasp the concept of comparatives and superlatives in Odia. Additionally, we will delve into the cultural aspects of the language, exploring any regional variations and historical reasons for these differences. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Odia adjectives and discover how to express comparisons and superlatives!
 
== What are Comparatives and Superlatives? ==
 
Comparatives and superlatives are forms of adjectives that allow us to compare and describe the degree of a particular quality or attribute. In simpler terms, comparatives are used to compare two things, while superlatives are used to describe the highest degree or the utmost quality of something.
 
In Odia, comparatives and superlatives are formed by adding specific suffixes to the base adjectives. These suffixes change the endings of the adjectives to indicate the desired comparison. Let's explore the formation of comparatives and superlatives in more detail.
 
=== Formation of Comparatives ===
 
To form the comparative degree of an adjective in Odia, we typically add the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara") to the base adjective. However, the exact suffix may vary depending on the ending of the base adjective. Here are the general rules:
 
1. If the base adjective ends in a vowel, we simply add the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara") to form the comparative. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ନୀଚ || nīca || low
|-
| ନୀଚ-ତର || nīca-tara || lower
|}
 
2. If the base adjective ends in a consonant, we add the suffix "-ଅମାନ" ("-amāna") to form the comparative. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଗୋଲା || golā || big
|-
| ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ || golā-amāna || bigger
|}
 
3. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଇ" ("-i"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ମୋଟ || moṭa || fat
|-
| ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର || moṭā-tara || fatter
|}
 
4. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଉ" ("-u"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଛୋଟ || choṭa || small
|-
| ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର || choṭā-tara || smaller
|}
 
5. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଏ" ("-ē"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଦୂର || dūra || far
|-
| ଦୂର-ଅ-ତର || dūr-a-tara || farther
|}
 
6. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଚାଲ || chāla || slow
|-
| ଚାଲ-ଆ-ତର || chālā-tara || slower
|}
 
7. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଓ" ("-ō"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଗୋଲା || golā || round
|-
| ଗୋଲ-ଅ-ତର || gol-a-tara || rounder
|}
 
8. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") and is followed by a consonant, we replace the consonant with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଖୁସି || khusi || happy
|-
| ଖୁସି-ଆ-ତର || khusi-ā-tara || happier
|}
 
=== Formation of Superlatives ===
 
To form the superlative degree of an adjective in Odia, we typically add the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama") to the base adjective. However, similar to the formation of comparatives, the exact suffix may vary depending on the ending of the base adjective. Here are the general rules:
 
1. If the base adjective ends in a vowel, we add the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama") to form the superlative. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଉଚ୍ଚ || uccha || high
|-
| ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତମ || uccha-tama || highest
|}
 
2. If the base adjective ends in a consonant, we add the suffix "-ଅତମ" ("-atama") to form the superlative. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ପତିତ || patita || fallen
|-
| ପତିତ-ଅତମ || patita-atama || most fallen
|}
 
3. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଇ" ("-i"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| କୋମଳ || komala || soft
|-
| କୋମଳ-ଆ-ତମ || komalā-tama || softest
|}
 
4. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଉ" ("-u"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ମୃଦୁ || mṛdu || gentle
|-
| ମୃଦୁ-ଆ-ତମ || mṛdu-ā-tama || gentlest
|}
 
5. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଏ" ("-ē"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ନିରାଳ || nirāla || unique
|-
| ନିରାଳ-ଅ-ତମ || nirāl-a-tama || most unique
|}
 
6. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ସୁନ୍ଦର || sundara || beautiful
|-
| ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଆ-ତମ || sundarā-tama || most beautiful
|}
 
7. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") and is followed by a consonant, we replace the consonant with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଅଚୁତ || achuta || infallible
|-
| ଅଚୁତ-ଆ-ତମ || achut-ā-tama || most infallible
|}
 
Now that we have explored the formation of comparatives and superlatives in Odia, let's move on to some examples to solidify our understanding.
 
== Examples ==
 
Let's take a look at some examples of comparatives and superlatives in Odia:
 
=== Comparatives Examples ===
 
1. ଗୋଲା (golā) - big
  - ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ (golā-amāna) - bigger
  - ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ-ତର (golā-amāna-tara) - the bigger one
 
2. ନୀଚ (nīca) - low
  - ନୀଚ-ତର (nīca-tara) - lower
  - ନୀଚ-ତର-ତର (nīca-tara-tara) - the lower one
 
3. ଉଚ୍ଚ (uccha) - high
  - ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତର (uccha-tara) - higher
  - ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତର-ତର (uccha-tara-tara) - the higher one
 
4. ମୋଟ (moṭa) - fat
  - ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର (moṭā-tara) - fatter
  - ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର-ତର (moṭā-tara-tara) - the fatter one
 
5. ଛୋଟ (choṭa) - small
  - ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର (choṭā-tara) - smaller
  - ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର-ତର (choṭā-tara-tara) - the smaller one
 
=== Superlatives Examples ===
 
1. ପତିତ (patita) - fallen
  - ପତିତ-ଅତମ (patita-atama) - most fallen
 
2. ମୃଦୁ (mṛdu) - gentle
  - ମୃଦୁ-ଆ-ତମ (mṛdu-ā-tama) - gentlest
 
3. ସୁନ୍ଦର (sundara) - beautiful
  - ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଆ-ତମ (sundarā-tama) - most beautiful
 
4. ଅଚୁତ (achuta) - infallible
  - ଅଚୁତ-ଆ-ତମ (achut-ā-tama) - most infallible
 
By understanding how to form comparatives and superlatives in Odia, you can now express comparisons and describe the highest degree of a particular quality or attribute. Let's move on to some practice exercises to reinforce what we have learned.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
1. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:
 
a. ନୀଲ (nīla) - blue
b. ଗରମ (garama) - hot
c. ନୂଆ (nūā) - new
d. ସୁନ୍ଦର (sundara) - beautiful
e. କୋମଳ (komala) - soft
 
<nowiki>
Answer:
a. ନୀଲ-ଅମାନ (nīla-amāna) - bluer
  ନୀଲ-ଅମାନ-ତର (nīla-amāna-tara) - the bluer one
  ନୀଲ-ଅତମ (nīla-atama) - bluest
 
b. ଗରମ-ଅମାନ (garama-amāna) - hotter
  ଗରମ-ଅମାନ-ତର (garama-amāna-tara) - the hotter one
  ଗରମ-ଅତମ (garama-atama) - hottest
 
c. ନୂଆ-ଅମାନ (nūā-amāna) - newer
  ନୂଆ-ଅମାନ-ତର (nūā-amāna-tara) - the newer one
  ନୂଆ-ଅତମ (nūā-atama) - newest
 
d. ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅମାନ (sundara-amāna) - more beautiful
  ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅମାନ-ତର (sundara-amāna-tara) - the more beautiful one
  ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅତମ (sundara-atama) - most beautiful


<p>Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun. In Odia language, adjectives inflect for case, gender and number. In this lesson, you will learn how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Odia.</p>  
e. କୋମଳ-ଅମାନ (komala-amāna) - softer
  କୋମଳ-ଅମାନ-ତର (komala-amāna-tara) - the softer one
  କୋମଳ-ଅତମ (komala-atama) - softest
</nowiki>


<h2>Comparative Adjectives in Odia</h2>
2. Complete the sentences with the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the given adjectives:


<p>Comparative adjectives are used to compare two nouns or pronouns. To form a comparative adjective in Odia, you need to add the suffix -ତରି (-tari) to the adjective.</p>
a. ଖୁସି (khusi) - happy
  - ମୋ ବନ୍ଧୁଟି ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁକୁ ଦେଖିଲା। ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁ ସେହିତେ ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ (ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର) ବନ୍ଧୁଟି।


<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
b. ଦୂର (dūra) - far
  - ମୋ ମାନେଇ ଆସିଲା ଅଣ୍ଡାମାନରୁ। ଆମେ ଦୂର-ଅମାନ (ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର) ଠାରୁ ଆସେଇ ଅନ୍ଧିରେ ହାଜିର ହୋଇପାରିବୁ।


<table class="wikitable">
c. ଅଚୁତ (achuta) - infallible
    <tr>
  - ଶ୍ରୀକୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କ ବାଣେଇ ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ (ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର) ଶତ୍ରୁଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠରେ ବିନାଶ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ।
        <th>Odia</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ହଳକା</td>
        <td>halaka</td>
        <td>light</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ହଳକରେ</td>
        <td>halakare</td>
        <td>lighter</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ବିଶେଷ</td>
        <td>bisesha</td>
        <td>special</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ବିଶେଷତରି</td>
        <td>bisesha-tari</td>
        <td>more special</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<p>Note that if the adjective ends in a vowel, you need to add -ରେ (-re), rather than -ତରି (-tari), to form the comparative form.</p>
<nowiki>
Answer:
a. ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ (khusi-amāna) / ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର (khusi-amāna-tara)


<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
  - ମୋ ବନ୍ଧୁଟି ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁକୁ ଦେଖିଲା। ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁ ସେହିତେ ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ) ବନ୍ଧୁଟି।


<table class="wikitable">
b. ଦୂର-ଅମାନ (dūra-amāna) / ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର (dūra-amāna-tara)
    <tr>
        <th>Odia</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ସହଜ</td>
        <td>sahaja</td>
        <td>easy</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ସହଜରେ</td>
        <td>sahajare</td>
        <td>easier</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Superlative Adjectives in Odia</h2>
  - ମୋ ମାନେଇ ଆସିଲା ଅଣ୍ଡାମାନରୁ। ଆମେ ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଦୂର-ଅମାନ) ଠାରୁ ଆସେଇ ଅନ୍ଧିରେ ହାଜିର ହୋଇପାରିବୁ।


<p>Superlative adjectives are used to compare three or more nouns or pronouns. To form a superlative adjective in Odia, you need to add the suffix -ତମ (-tama) to the adjective.</p>
c. ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ (achuta-amāna) / ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର (achuta-amāna-tara)


<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
  - ଶ୍ରୀକୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କ ବାଣେଇ ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ) ଶତ୍ରୁଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠରେ ବିନାଶ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ।
</nowiki>


<table class="wikitable">
Now that you have completed the practice exercises, let's move on to the cultural section to explore any regional variations and interesting facts related to comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language.
    <tr>
        <th>Odia</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ପତ୍ତରିକାରଣ</td>
        <td>pattarikarana</td>
        <td>newspaper</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ପତ୍ତରିକାରନ୍ତମ</td>
        <td>pattarikarantama</td>
        <td>newspaper (the newest)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ଜଣେଇକି</td>
        <td>janeiki</td>
        <td>popular</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ଜଣେଇକୁଡ଼ିଯେ</td>
        <td>janeikuriye</td>
        <td>most popular</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Formation of Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives</h2>
== Cultural Insights ==


<p>In Odia language, some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Let's see some of them in the following table:</p>
Comparatives and superlatives are an essential part of the Odia language, allowing speakers to express comparisons and emphasize the degree of a quality or attribute. However, it is important to note that the usage of comparatives and superlatives may vary across regions and dialects within Odisha.


<table class="wikitable">
In certain regions, alternative suffixes or forms may be used to express comparatives and superlatives. For example, instead of "-ତର" ("-tara") for forming comparatives, some speakers may use "-ଅରେ" ("-are") or "-ଅତି" ("-ati"). Similarly, for superlatives, alternative suffixes like "-ଆମାନ୍" ("-āmān") or "-ଆମ" ("-āma") may be employed.
    <tr>
        <th>Odia</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
        <th>Comparative</th>
        <th>Superlative</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ଉନ୍ନତ</td>
        <td>unnata</td>
        <td>high</td>
        <td>ଉଚ୍ଚତରି</td>
        <td>ଉଚ୍ଚତମ</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ଗମ୍ଭୀର</td>
        <td>gambhira</td>
        <td>deep</td>
        <td>ଗାହୁଛତରି</td>
        <td>ଗାହୁଛତମ</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ନୀଳ</td>
        <td>nila</td>
        <td>blue</td>
        <td>ନୀଳିତରି</td>
        <td>ନୀଳିତମ</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ଆର୍ଜନୀୟ</td>
        <td>arjanīya</td>
        <td>worthy</td>
        <td>ଅଧିକ ଆର୍ଜନୀୟ</td>
        <td>ଅସାଧାରଣତମ ଆର୍ଜନୀୟ</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Negative Comparatives and Superlatives</h2>
The variation in the usage of comparatives and superlatives highlights the rich diversity of the Odia language and its evolution over time. It is intriguing to observe how different regions have developed their own linguistic nuances and expressions.


<p>In Odia language, you can form negative comparative and superlative adjectives by adding the negative particle ନା (na) after the adjective and before the suffixes -ତରି (-tari) or -ତମ (-tama). </p>
Now, let's explore some interesting cultural facts related to comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language:


<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
1. Odia Literature: Comparatives and superlatives are extensively used in Odia literature, including poetry, prose, and folk songs. These linguistic devices add depth, imagery, and emotional impact to the written and spoken word.


<table class="wikitable">
2. Regional Expressions: Different regions within Odisha have unique expressions and idioms that incorporate comparatives and superlatives. These expressions reflect the cultural nuances and local dialects of the diverse communities in the state.
    <tr>
        <th>Odia</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
        <th>Comparative</th>
        <th>Superlative</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ନିର୍ଲେଷ</td>
        <td>nirleşa</td>
        <td>flawless</td>
        <td>ନିର୍ଲେଷତରି</td>
        <td>ନିର୍ଲେଷତମ</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>ନିରସ୍ତ</td>
        <td>nirasta</td>
        <td>disappointed</td>
        <td>ନିରସ୍ତତରି</td>
        <td>ନିରସ୍ତତମ</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Practice</h2>
3. Historical Significance: The usage of comparatives and superlatives in Odia has roots in ancient texts and scriptures. The language has evolved over centuries, influenced by Sanskrit, Prakrit, and other regional languages, resulting in the development of its own distinct grammar and vocabulary.


<p>Now, practice forming comparative and superlative adjectives in Odia language. Write down some adjectives and then form their comparative and superlative forms in Odia. Here are some simple Odia adjectives to start:</p>
4. Bhasha Andolan: During the Bhasha Andolan (Language Movement) in the early 20th century, Odia speakers fought for the recognition and promotion of their language. This movement played a significant role in the standardization and preservation of Odia grammar, including the rules for forming comparatives and superlatives.


<ul>
5. Bilingualism: Odia speakers often exhibit bilingualism, with influences from neighboring languages like Bengali, Telugu, and Hindi. This linguistic coexistence adds richness and variety to the usage of comparatives and superlatives, as speakers may incorporate elements from other languages into their speech.
    <li>ବଡ଼ା (baŗa) – big</li>
    <li>ଛୋଟ (choţa) – small</li>
    <li>ସୁନ୍ଦର (sundara) - beautiful</li>
    <li>କଠିନ (kaţhina) - hard</li>
</ul>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
By immersing ourselves in the cultural aspects of the language, we gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for its nuances. Now, let's conclude this lesson with a summary of what we have learned and a glimpse into the next lesson.


<p>In this lesson, you have learned how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Odia language. You have seen that you need to add -ତରି (-tari) to form comparative adjectives and -ତମ (-tama) to form superlative adjectives. You have also learned some irregular comparative and superlative adjectives in Odia. </p>
== Conclusion ==
 
In this lesson, we explored the formation of comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language. We learned how to form comparatives by adding specific suffixes to base adjectives, depending on their endings. Similarly, we discovered the rules for forming superlatives, which also involve adding suffixes to base adjectives.
 
Through numerous examples and practice exercises, you have gained the ability to express comparisons and describe the highest degree of a quality or attribute in Odia. Remember to pay attention to any regional variations in the usage of comparatives and superlatives, as they add depth and cultural richness to the language.
 
As you continue your journey in learning Odia, the next lesson will focus on food and dining. You will learn the names of common foods in Odia, as well as how to order food and drinks in a restaurant using the language. So, get ready to tantalize your taste buds and enhance your language skills in the next exciting lesson!
 
Keep up the great work, and happy learning!


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Latest revision as of 15:38, 22 June 2023

◀️ Basic Adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

Odia-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Odia → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Descriptions → Comparatives and Superlatives

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language. Adjectives play a crucial role in describing nouns and adding depth to our conversations. By learning how to form comparatives and superlatives, you will be able to express comparisons and emphasize the degree of a particular quality or attribute. This knowledge will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Odia and expand your vocabulary.

Throughout this lesson, we will provide clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to help you grasp the concept of comparatives and superlatives in Odia. Additionally, we will delve into the cultural aspects of the language, exploring any regional variations and historical reasons for these differences. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Odia adjectives and discover how to express comparisons and superlatives!

What are Comparatives and Superlatives?[edit | edit source]

Comparatives and superlatives are forms of adjectives that allow us to compare and describe the degree of a particular quality or attribute. In simpler terms, comparatives are used to compare two things, while superlatives are used to describe the highest degree or the utmost quality of something.

In Odia, comparatives and superlatives are formed by adding specific suffixes to the base adjectives. These suffixes change the endings of the adjectives to indicate the desired comparison. Let's explore the formation of comparatives and superlatives in more detail.

Formation of Comparatives[edit | edit source]

To form the comparative degree of an adjective in Odia, we typically add the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara") to the base adjective. However, the exact suffix may vary depending on the ending of the base adjective. Here are the general rules:

1. If the base adjective ends in a vowel, we simply add the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara") to form the comparative. For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ନୀଚ nīca low
ନୀଚ-ତର nīca-tara lower

2. If the base adjective ends in a consonant, we add the suffix "-ଅମାନ" ("-amāna") to form the comparative. For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଗୋଲା golā big
ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ golā-amāna bigger

3. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଇ" ("-i"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ମୋଟ moṭa fat
ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର moṭā-tara fatter

4. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଉ" ("-u"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଛୋଟ choṭa small
ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର choṭā-tara smaller

5. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଏ" ("-ē"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଦୂର dūra far
ଦୂର-ଅ-ତର dūr-a-tara farther

6. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଚାଲ chāla slow
ଚାଲ-ଆ-ତର chālā-tara slower

7. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଓ" ("-ō"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଗୋଲା golā round
ଗୋଲ-ଅ-ତର gol-a-tara rounder

8. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") and is followed by a consonant, we replace the consonant with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତର" ("-tara"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଖୁସି khusi happy
ଖୁସି-ଆ-ତର khusi-ā-tara happier

Formation of Superlatives[edit | edit source]

To form the superlative degree of an adjective in Odia, we typically add the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama") to the base adjective. However, similar to the formation of comparatives, the exact suffix may vary depending on the ending of the base adjective. Here are the general rules:

1. If the base adjective ends in a vowel, we add the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama") to form the superlative. For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଉଚ୍ଚ uccha high
ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତମ uccha-tama highest

2. If the base adjective ends in a consonant, we add the suffix "-ଅତମ" ("-atama") to form the superlative. For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ପତିତ patita fallen
ପତିତ-ଅତମ patita-atama most fallen

3. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଇ" ("-i"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
କୋମଳ komala soft
କୋମଳ-ଆ-ତମ komalā-tama softest

4. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଉ" ("-u"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ମୃଦୁ mṛdu gentle
ମୃଦୁ-ଆ-ତମ mṛdu-ā-tama gentlest

5. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଏ" ("-ē"), we replace it with the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ନିରାଳ nirāla unique
ନିରାଳ-ଅ-ତମ nirāl-a-tama most unique

6. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a"), we replace it with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ସୁନ୍ଦର sundara beautiful
ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଆ-ତମ sundarā-tama most beautiful

7. If the base adjective ends in the vowel "ଅ" ("-a") and is followed by a consonant, we replace the consonant with the vowel "ଆ" ("-ā") before adding the suffix "-ତମ" ("-tama"). For example:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଅଚୁତ achuta infallible
ଅଚୁତ-ଆ-ତମ achut-ā-tama most infallible

Now that we have explored the formation of comparatives and superlatives in Odia, let's move on to some examples to solidify our understanding.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's take a look at some examples of comparatives and superlatives in Odia:

Comparatives Examples[edit | edit source]

1. ଗୋଲା (golā) - big 

  - ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ (golā-amāna) - bigger
  - ଗୋଲା-ଅମାନ-ତର (golā-amāna-tara) - the bigger one

2. ନୀଚ (nīca) - low 

  - ନୀଚ-ତର (nīca-tara) - lower
  - ନୀଚ-ତର-ତର (nīca-tara-tara) - the lower one

3. ଉଚ୍ଚ (uccha) - high 

  - ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତର (uccha-tara) - higher
  - ଉଚ୍ଚ-ତର-ତର (uccha-tara-tara) - the higher one

4. ମୋଟ (moṭa) - fat 

  - ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର (moṭā-tara) - fatter
  - ମୋଟ-ଆ-ତର-ତର (moṭā-tara-tara) - the fatter one

5. ଛୋଟ (choṭa) - small 

  - ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର (choṭā-tara) - smaller
  - ଛୋଟ-ଆ-ତର-ତର (choṭā-tara-tara) - the smaller one

Superlatives Examples[edit | edit source]

1. ପତିତ (patita) - fallen 

  - ପତିତ-ଅତମ (patita-atama) - most fallen

2. ମୃଦୁ (mṛdu) - gentle 

  - ମୃଦୁ-ଆ-ତମ (mṛdu-ā-tama) - gentlest

3. ସୁନ୍ଦର (sundara) - beautiful 

  - ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଆ-ତମ (sundarā-tama) - most beautiful

4. ଅଚୁତ (achuta) - infallible 

  - ଅଚୁତ-ଆ-ତମ (achut-ā-tama) - most infallible

By understanding how to form comparatives and superlatives in Odia, you can now express comparisons and describe the highest degree of a particular quality or attribute. Let's move on to some practice exercises to reinforce what we have learned.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

1. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:

a. ନୀଲ (nīla) - blue b. ଗରମ (garama) - hot c. ନୂଆ (nūā) - new d. ସୁନ୍ଦର (sundara) - beautiful e. କୋମଳ (komala) - soft

Answer: a. ନୀଲ-ଅମାନ (nīla-amāna) - bluer ନୀଲ-ଅମାନ-ତର (nīla-amāna-tara) - the bluer one ନୀଲ-ଅତମ (nīla-atama) - bluest b. ଗରମ-ଅମାନ (garama-amāna) - hotter ଗରମ-ଅମାନ-ତର (garama-amāna-tara) - the hotter one ଗରମ-ଅତମ (garama-atama) - hottest c. ନୂଆ-ଅମାନ (nūā-amāna) - newer ନୂଆ-ଅମାନ-ତର (nūā-amāna-tara) - the newer one ନୂଆ-ଅତମ (nūā-atama) - newest d. ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅମାନ (sundara-amāna) - more beautiful ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅମାନ-ତର (sundara-amāna-tara) - the more beautiful one ସୁନ୍ଦର-ଅତମ (sundara-atama) - most beautiful e. କୋମଳ-ଅମାନ (komala-amāna) - softer କୋମଳ-ଅମାନ-ତର (komala-amāna-tara) - the softer one କୋମଳ-ଅତମ (komala-atama) - softest

2. Complete the sentences with the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the given adjectives:

a. ଖୁସି (khusi) - happy 

  - ମୋ ବନ୍ଧୁଟି ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁକୁ ଦେଖିଲା। ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁ ସେହିତେ ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ (ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର) ବନ୍ଧୁଟି।

b. ଦୂର (dūra) - far 

  - ମୋ ମାନେଇ ଆସିଲା ଅଣ୍ଡାମାନରୁ। ଆମେ ଦୂର-ଅମାନ (ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର) ଠାରୁ ଆସେଇ ଅନ୍ଧିରେ ହାଜିର ହୋଇପାରିବୁ।

c. ଅଚୁତ (achuta) - infallible 

  - ଶ୍ରୀକୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କ ବାଣେଇ ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ (ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର) ଶତ୍ରୁଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠରେ ବିନାଶ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ।

Answer: a. ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ (khusi-amāna) / ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର (khusi-amāna-tara) - ମୋ ବନ୍ଧୁଟି ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁକୁ ଦେଖିଲା। ମୋର ବଡ଼ଇଆ ବନ୍ଧୁ ସେହିତେ ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଖୁସି-ଅମାନ) ବନ୍ଧୁଟି। b. ଦୂର-ଅମାନ (dūra-amāna) / ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର (dūra-amāna-tara) - ମୋ ମାନେଇ ଆସିଲା ଅଣ୍ଡାମାନରୁ। ଆମେ ଦୂର-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଦୂର-ଅମାନ) ଠାରୁ ଆସେଇ ଅନ୍ଧିରେ ହାଜିର ହୋଇପାରିବୁ। c. ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ (achuta-amāna) / ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର (achuta-amāna-tara) - ଶ୍ରୀକୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କ ବାଣେଇ ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ-ତର (ଅଚୁତ-ଅମାନ) ଶତ୍ରୁଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠରେ ବିନାଶ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ।

Now that you have completed the practice exercises, let's move on to the cultural section to explore any regional variations and interesting facts related to comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Comparatives and superlatives are an essential part of the Odia language, allowing speakers to express comparisons and emphasize the degree of a quality or attribute. However, it is important to note that the usage of comparatives and superlatives may vary across regions and dialects within Odisha.

In certain regions, alternative suffixes or forms may be used to express comparatives and superlatives. For example, instead of "-ତର" ("-tara") for forming comparatives, some speakers may use "-ଅରେ" ("-are") or "-ଅତି" ("-ati"). Similarly, for superlatives, alternative suffixes like "-ଆମାନ୍" ("-āmān") or "-ଆମ" ("-āma") may be employed.

The variation in the usage of comparatives and superlatives highlights the rich diversity of the Odia language and its evolution over time. It is intriguing to observe how different regions have developed their own linguistic nuances and expressions.

Now, let's explore some interesting cultural facts related to comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language:

1. Odia Literature: Comparatives and superlatives are extensively used in Odia literature, including poetry, prose, and folk songs. These linguistic devices add depth, imagery, and emotional impact to the written and spoken word.

2. Regional Expressions: Different regions within Odisha have unique expressions and idioms that incorporate comparatives and superlatives. These expressions reflect the cultural nuances and local dialects of the diverse communities in the state.

3. Historical Significance: The usage of comparatives and superlatives in Odia has roots in ancient texts and scriptures. The language has evolved over centuries, influenced by Sanskrit, Prakrit, and other regional languages, resulting in the development of its own distinct grammar and vocabulary.

4. Bhasha Andolan: During the Bhasha Andolan (Language Movement) in the early 20th century, Odia speakers fought for the recognition and promotion of their language. This movement played a significant role in the standardization and preservation of Odia grammar, including the rules for forming comparatives and superlatives.

5. Bilingualism: Odia speakers often exhibit bilingualism, with influences from neighboring languages like Bengali, Telugu, and Hindi. This linguistic coexistence adds richness and variety to the usage of comparatives and superlatives, as speakers may incorporate elements from other languages into their speech.

By immersing ourselves in the cultural aspects of the language, we gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for its nuances. Now, let's conclude this lesson with a summary of what we have learned and a glimpse into the next lesson.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the formation of comparatives and superlatives in the Odia language. We learned how to form comparatives by adding specific suffixes to base adjectives, depending on their endings. Similarly, we discovered the rules for forming superlatives, which also involve adding suffixes to base adjectives.

Through numerous examples and practice exercises, you have gained the ability to express comparisons and describe the highest degree of a quality or attribute in Odia. Remember to pay attention to any regional variations in the usage of comparatives and superlatives, as they add depth and cultural richness to the language.

As you continue your journey in learning Odia, the next lesson will focus on food and dining. You will learn the names of common foods in Odia, as well as how to order food and drinks in a restaurant using the language. So, get ready to tantalize your taste buds and enhance your language skills in the next exciting lesson!

Keep up the great work, and happy learning!

Table of Contents - Odia Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Odia Alphabet


Odia Syllables and Words


Basic Greetings and Phrases


Simple Sentences


Numbers and Time


Questions and Interrogatives


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Descriptions


Food and Dining


Verbs and Actions


Travel and Transportation


Pronouns and Possession


Weather and Seasons


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Odia Festivals and Celebrations


Odia Art and Music


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Basic Adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

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