Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics"

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=== Symbol ===
{{Sci-Tech-Index-Intro}}
==== Classical Thermodynamics ====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! symbol
! cmn-Hans-CN: 科目
! cmn-Hans-CN: 含义
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì
! deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n]
! deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: subject
! eng-Latn-US: meaning
! fra-Latn-FR: matière [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み
! rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т
! rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,306: Line 1,305:
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 经典热力学
| jīngdiǎn rèlìxué
| klassische Thermodynamik
| classical thermodynamics
| thermodynamique [f] classique
| 古典熱力学
| こ↑てんねつりき↓がく
| класси́ческая термодина́мика
|-
| 统计力学
| tǒngjì lìxué
| statistische Mechanik
| statistical mechanics
| physique [f] statistique
| 統計力学
| と↑うけいりき↓がく
| статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
|-
| 化学热力学
| huàxué rèlìxué
| chemische Thermodynamik
| chemical thermodynamics
| thermodynamique [f] chimique
| 化学熱力学
| か↑がくねつりき↓がく
| хими́ческая термодина́мика
|-
| 量子热力学
| liàngzǐ rèlìxué
| Quantenthermodynamik [f]
| quantum thermodynamics
| thermodynamique [f] quantique
| 量子熱力学
| りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく
| ква́нтовой термодина́мики
|-
| 非平衡态热力学
| fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué
| Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f]
| non-equilibrium thermodynamics
| thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre
| 非平衡熱力学
| ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく
| неравнове́сная термодина́мика
|-
|  
|  
|-
| ''C''
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
== Main ==
=== Classical Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
| 绝对零度 ||
| juéduì língdù ||
| absoluter Nullpunkt ||
| absolute zero || temperature; particle
| zéro absolu ||
| 絶対零度 ||
| ぜ↑ったいれ↓いど ||
| абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры, абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры ||
|-
| 吸收式制冷机 ||
| xīshōushì zhìlěngjī ||
| Absorptionskältemaschine [f] ||
| absorption refrigerator || refrigeration
| réfrigérateur [m] à absorption de gaz [m] ||
| 吸収式冷凍機 ||
| きゅうしゅうしきれいとうき ||
| абсорбцио́нная холоди́льная маши́на ||
|-
| 绝热过程 ||
| juérè guòchéng ||
| adiabatische Zustandsänderung, adiabate Zustandsänderung ||
| adiabatic process || thermodynamic process
| processus [m] adiabatique ||
| 断熱過程 ||
| だんねつかてい ||
| адиабати́ческий проце́сс, адиаба́тный проце́сс ||
|-
| 安托万方程 ||
| Āntuōwàn fāngchéng ||
| Antoine-Gleichung [f] ||
| Antoine equation || temperature; vapor pressure
| équation [f] d'Antoine ||
| アントワン式 ||
| ア↑ントワンし↓き ||
| уравне́ние Антуа́на ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Bridgman's thermodynamic equations || internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
| 卡诺热机 ||
| Kǎnuò rèjī ||
| Carnot-Maschine [f] ||
| Carnot heat engine || Carnot cycle; heat engine
| moteur [m] Carnot ||
| カルノー機関 ||
| カ↑ルノーき↓かん ||
| теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель Карно́ ||
|-
| 卡诺循环 ||
| Kǎnuò xúnhuán ||
| Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m] ||
| Carnot cycle || thermodynamic cycle
| cycle [m] de Carnot ||
| カルノーサイクル ||
| カ↑ルノーサ↓イクル ||
| цикл Карно́, проце́сс Карно́ ||
|-
| 卡诺定理 ||
| Kǎnuò dìnglǐ ||
| Satz [m] von Carnot ||
| Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule || heat engine
| théorème [m] de Carnot ||
| カルノーの定理，カルノーの原理 ||
| カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり，カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり ||
| теоре́ма Карно́ ||
|-
| 克劳修斯定理，克劳修斯不等式 ||
| Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ, Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì ||
| Clausius-Ungleichung [f] ||
| Clausius theorem || thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle
| inégalité [f] de Clausius, théorème [m] de Clausius ||
| クラウジウスの定理 ||
| ク↑ラウジウ↓スの↑て↓いり ||
| нера́венство Клаузиуса ||
|-
| 性能系数 ||
| xìngnéng xìshù ||
| Leistungszahl [f] ||
| coefficient of performance || heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy
| coefficient [m] de performance [f] ||
| 成績係数，動作係数 ||
| せ↑いせきけ↓いすう，ど↑うさけ↓いすう ||
| коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния теплоты́ ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| conjugate variables ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| enthalpy || internal energy; pressure; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| entropy || work <mechanics>; energy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| equation of state || thermodynamic equation; state variable
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| free expansion, Joule expansion || irreversible process; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| fundamental thermodynamic relation || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| gas constant || energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| heat pump || mechanical energy; mechanical work
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| heat || energy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| heat engine || mechanical energy; mechanical work
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| ideal gas || point particle
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| ideal gas law, general gas equation || equation of state; ideal gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| internal energy || thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| irreversible process || thermodynamic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isentropic process || adiabatic process; reversible process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isenthalpic process || thermodynamic process; enthalpy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isobaric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isolated system || physical system; thermodynamic system
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| isothermal process || thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Kelvin scale || thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| law of conservation of energy || energy; isolated system
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Mayer's relation || specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| particle number, number of particles || thermodynamic system; particle
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| perpetual motion machine || laws of thermodynamics
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| polytropic index || polytropic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| polytropic process || thermodynamic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| pressure–volume diagram || thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| process function, path function || thermodynamic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process || thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| real gas || ideal gas law
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| refrigerant || refrigeration
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| refrigeration || cooling
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| reversible process || thermodynamic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| reversed Carnot cycle || Carnot cycle
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| scale of temperature || temperature
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| state function, function of state, point function || state variable <control theory>
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Stirling engine || reciprocating engine
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| temperature ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| temperature–entropy diagram || thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermal conduction || heat transfer
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermal convection, convective heat transfer || heat transfer
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermal efficiency || thermal energy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermal energy || enthalpy; heat
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermal radiation || electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic cycle || thermodynamic process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic diagram || thermodynamic state
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic free energy || work; thermodynamic system
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential || scalar
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic process || thermodynamic system
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic state || thermodynamic system; time
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square || conjugate variables
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic system || system <system theory>, matter, radiation
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic temperature || temperature
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| vapor-compression refrigeration || intensive property; phase transition
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| volume || intensive property
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
| thermodynamic law ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| first law of thermodynamics || law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| second law of thermodynamics || entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| third law of thermodynamics || entropy; absolute zero
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| zeroth law of thermodynamics || thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ phase transition
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| phase transition || physical change
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| condensation || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| deposition || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| freezing || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| ionization || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| melting || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| sublimation || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| recombination || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| vaporization || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ state of matter
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| state of matter ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| gas || state of matter
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| liquid || state of matter
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| plasma || state of matter; charged particles
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| solid || state of matter
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| vapor || liquid; critical point
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
==== Statistical Mechanics ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation || thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy || thermodynamic potential
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble || statistical ensemble
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy || isothermal process
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| H-theorem || entropy; ideal gas
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| kinetic theory of gases || gas; particle number
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Landau free energy, Landau potential ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Maxwell relations || symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| specific enthalpy || enthalpy; mass
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit || particle number; volume
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| thermodynamic potential || thermodynamic state; scalar
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| Vlasov equation || differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
=== Chemical Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| chemical potential || chemical species; energy; phase transition
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
=== Quantum Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
=== Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
=== Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
== Appendix ==
=== Sentence ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: sentence !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ​↑んしょ↓う !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
=== Symbol ===
==== Classical Thermodynamics ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! symbol
! cmn-Hans-CN: 含义
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì
! deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: meaning
! fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み
! rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние
|-
|-
| ''C''<sub>p</sub>
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
| isobaric heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| ''C''<sub>V</sub>x
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| ''C''
| 热容量，热容
| rè róngliàng, rè róng
| Wärmekapazität [f]
| heat capacity, thermal capacity
| capacité [f] thermique
| 熱容量
| ね↑つよ↓うりょう
| теплоёмкость
|-
| ''C''<sub>p</sub>
| 等压热容
| děngyā rèróng
| isobare Wärmekapazität
| isobaric heat capacity
| isobaric heat capacity
|  
| capacité thermique isobare
|  
| 定圧熱容量
|  
| て↑いあつねつよ↓うりょう
|  
| изоба́рная теплоёмкость
|-
| ''C''<sub>V</sub>
| 等容热容
| děngróng rèróng
| isochore Wärmekapazität
| isochoric heat capacity
| capacité thermique isochore
| 定積熱容量
| て↑いせきねつよ↓うりょう
|-
|-
| d, Δ
| Δ
|  
| 变化量
|  
| biànhuà liàng
|  
| Änderung [f]
| change
| change
|  
| changement [f]
|  
| 変化量
|  
| へ↑んか↓りょう
|  
| измене́ние
|-
|-
| ''H''
| ''H''
|  
| 焓
|  
| hán
|  
| Enthalpie [f]
| enthalpy
| enthalpy
|  
| enthalpie [f]
|  
| エンタルピー
|  
| エ↑ンタ↓ルピー
|  
| энтальпи́я
|-
| ''I''
|
|
|
| thermal intensity
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| ''L''
| ''L''
Line 1,379: Line 2,654:
|-
|-
| ''M''
| ''M''
|  
| 摩尔质量
|  
| Mó'ěr zhìliàng
|  
| molare Masse
| molar mass
| molar mass
|  
| masse molaire
|  
| モル質量
|  
| モ↑ルしつ↓りょう
|  
| моля́рная ма́сса
|-
|-
| ''m''
| ''m''
|  
| 质量
|  
| zhìliàng
|  
| Masse [f]
| mass
| mass
|  
| masse [f]
|  
| 質量
|  
| し↑つ↓りょう
|  
| ма́сса
|-
|-
| ''N''
| ''N''
|  
| 粒子数
|  
| lìzǐ shù
|  
| Teilchenzahl [f]
| particle number
| number of particles, particle number
|  
| nombre [m] de particules
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,409: Line 2,684:
|-
|-
| ''N''<sub>A</sub>
| ''N''<sub>A</sub>
|  
| 阿伏伽德罗常数
|  
| Āfúliādéluó chángshù
|  
| Avogadro-Konstante [f]
| Avogadro constant
| Avogadro constant
|  
| constante [f] d'Avogadro, nombre [m] d'Avogadro
|  
| アボガドロ定数
|  
| ア↑ボガドロて↓いすう
|  
| конста́нта Авога́дро, постоя́нная Авога́дро, число́ Авога́дро
|-
|-
| ''n''
| ''n''
|  
| 摩尔
|  
| mó'ěr
|  
| Mol [n]
| mole number
| mole
|  
| mole [f]
|  
| モル
|  
| モル
|  
| моль
|-
|-
| ''P'', ''p''
| ''P'', ''p''
|  
| 压强
|  
| yā qiáng
|  
| Druck [m]
| pressure
| pressure
|  
| pression [f]
|  
| 圧力
|  
| あ↑つ↓りょく
|  
| давле́ние
|-
|-
| ''p''
| ''p''
Line 1,449: Line 2,724:
|-
|-
| ''Q''
| ''Q''
|  
| 热量
|  
| rè liàng
|  
| Wärme [f]
| heat
| heat
|  
| chaleur [f]
|  
| 熱量
|  
| ね↑つ↓りょう
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ''Q''<sub>L<sub>
| ''Q''<sub>L<sub>
|  
| 潜热
|  
| qián rè
|  
| latente Wärme
| latent heat
| latent heat, latent energy, heat of transformation
|  
| chaleur latente
|  
| 潜熱
|  
| せんねつ
|  
| скры́тая теплота́
|-
|-
| ''q''
| ''q''
Line 1,487: Line 2,762:
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| ''R''<sub>u<sub>, ''R''
| 普适气体常数，理想气体常数，气体常数
| pǔshì qìtī chángshù, lǐxiǎng qìtǐ chángshù, qìtǐ chángshù
| allgemeine Gaskonstante, universelle Gaskonstante, Gaskonstante [f]
| universal gas constant, ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, gas constant
| constante universelle des gaz parfaits, constante [f] des gaz parfaits
| 普遍気体定数，モル気体定数，気体定数
| ふ↑へんきたいて↓いすう ，モ↓ルき↑たいて↓いすう，き↑たいて↓いすう
| универса́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
|-
|-
| ''R''
| ''R''
|  
| 个别气体常数
|  
| gèbié chángshù
|  
| spezifische Gaskonstante, individuelle Gaskonstante
| gas constant
| specific gas constant, individual gas constant
|  
| constante [f] spécifique d'un gaz, constante individuelle d'un gaz
|  
| 特定の気体定数
|  
| と↑くていの↓き↑たいて↓いすう
|  
| уде́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
|-
|-
| ''S''
| ''S''
|  
| 熵
|  
| shāng
|  
| Entropie [f]
| entropy
| entropy
|  
| entropie [f]
|  
| エントロピー
|  
| エ↑ントロ↓ピー
|  
| энтропи́я
|-
|-
| ''T''
| ''T''
|  
| 热力学温度
|  
| rèlìxué wēndù
|  
| thermodynamische Temperatur
| thermodynamic temperature
| thermodynamic temperature
|  
| température [f] thermodynamique
|  
| 熱力学温度
|  
| ね↑つ↓り↑きがくお↓んど
|  
| термодинами́ческая температу́ра
|-
|-
| ''U''
| ''U''
|  
| 内能
|  
| nèi néng
|  
| innere Energie
| internal energy
| internal energy
|  
| énergie interne
|  
| 内部エネルギー
|  
| な↑いぶエネル↓ギー
|  
| вну́тренняя эне́ргия
|-
|-
| ''V''
| ''V''
|  
| 体积
|  
| tǐjī
|  
| Volumen [n]
| volume
| volume
|  
| volume [m]
|  
| 体積
|  
| た↓いせき
|  
| объём
|-
|-
| ''W''
| ''W''
|  
| 功
|  
| gōng
|  
| Volumenänderungsarbeit [f], Volumenarbeit [f]
| travail [m]
| work
| work
|  
| 仕事
|  
| し↑ごと
|  
| термодинами́ческая рабо́та
|
|-
|-
| ''α''
| ''α''
Line 1,832: Line 3,117:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|}
|}
=== Resource under a Public License ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! name
! language
! link
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
<center>[[File:800px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png]]</center>
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=== Resource under a Public License ===
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Revision as of 08:04, 9 May 2022

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cmn-Hans-CN: 科目 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n] eng-Latn-US: subject fra-Latn-FR: matière [f] jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目 jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т
经典热力学 jīngdiǎn rèlìxué klassische Thermodynamik classical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] classique 古典熱力学 こ↑てんねつりき↓がく класси́ческая термодина́мика
统计力学 tǒngjì lìxué statistische Mechanik statistical mechanics physique [f] statistique 統計力学 と↑うけいりき↓がく статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
化学热力学 huàxué rèlìxué chemische Thermodynamik chemical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] chimique 化学熱力学 か↑がくねつりき↓がく хими́ческая термодина́мика
量子热力学 liàngzǐ rèlìxué Quantenthermodynamik [f] quantum thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] quantique 量子熱力学 りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく ква́нтовой термодина́мики
非平衡态热力学 fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] non-equilibrium thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre 非平衡熱力学 ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく неравнове́сная термодина́мика

Main

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
绝对零度 juéduì língdù absoluter Nullpunkt absolute zero temperature; particle zéro absolu 絶対零度 ぜ↑ったいれ↓いど абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры, абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры
吸收式制冷机 xīshōushì zhìlěngjī Absorptionskältemaschine [f] absorption refrigerator refrigeration réfrigérateur [m] à absorption de gaz [m] 吸収式冷凍機 きゅうしゅうしきれいとうき абсорбцио́нная холоди́льная маши́на
绝热过程 juérè guòchéng adiabatische Zustandsänderung, adiabate Zustandsänderung adiabatic process thermodynamic process processus [m] adiabatique 断熱過程 だんねつかてい адиабати́ческий проце́сс, адиаба́тный проце́сс
安托万方程 Āntuōwàn fāngchéng Antoine-Gleichung [f] Antoine equation temperature; vapor pressure équation [f] d'Antoine アントワン式 ア↑ントワンし↓き уравне́ние Антуа́на
Bridgman's thermodynamic equations internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
卡诺热机 Kǎnuò rèjī Carnot-Maschine [f] Carnot heat engine Carnot cycle; heat engine moteur [m] Carnot カルノー機関 カ↑ルノーき↓かん теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель Карно́
卡诺循环 Kǎnuò xúnhuán Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m] Carnot cycle thermodynamic cycle cycle [m] de Carnot カルノーサイクル カ↑ルノーサ↓イクル цикл Карно́, проце́сс Карно́
卡诺定理 Kǎnuò dìnglǐ Satz [m] von Carnot Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule heat engine théorème [m] de Carnot カルノーの定理，カルノーの原理 カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり，カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり теоре́ма Карно́
克劳修斯定理，克劳修斯不等式 Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ, Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì Clausius-Ungleichung [f] Clausius theorem thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle inégalité [f] de Clausius, théorème [m] de Clausius クラウジウスの定理 ク↑ラウジウ↓スの↑て↓いり нера́венство Клаузиуса
性能系数 xìngnéng xìshù Leistungszahl [f] coefficient of performance heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy coefficient [m] de performance [f] 成績係数，動作係数 せ↑いせきけ↓いすう，ど↑うさけ↓いすう коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния теплоты́
conjugate variables
enthalpy internal energy; pressure; volume
entropy work <mechanics>; energy
equation of state thermodynamic equation; state variable
free expansion, Joule expansion irreversible process; volume
fundamental thermodynamic relation internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
gas constant energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
heat pump mechanical energy; mechanical work
heat energy
heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient
heat engine mechanical energy; mechanical work
ideal gas point particle
ideal gas law, general gas equation equation of state; ideal gas
internal energy thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
irreversible process thermodynamic process
isentropic process adiabatic process; reversible process
isenthalpic process thermodynamic process; enthalpy
isobaric process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
isolated system physical system; thermodynamic system
isothermal process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
Kelvin scale thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
law of conservation of energy energy; isolated system
Mayer's relation specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
particle number, number of particles thermodynamic system; particle
perpetual motion machine laws of thermodynamics
polytropic index polytropic process
polytropic process thermodynamic process
pressure–volume diagram thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
process function, path function thermodynamic process
quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
real gas ideal gas law
refrigerant refrigeration
refrigeration cooling
reversible process thermodynamic process
reversed Carnot cycle Carnot cycle
scale of temperature temperature
state function, function of state, point function state variable <control theory>
Stirling engine reciprocating engine
temperature
temperature–entropy diagram thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
thermal conduction heat transfer
thermal convection, convective heat transfer heat transfer
thermal efficiency thermal energy
thermal energy enthalpy; heat
thermal radiation electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
thermodynamic cycle thermodynamic process
thermodynamic diagram thermodynamic state
thermodynamic free energy work; thermodynamic system
thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential scalar
thermodynamic process thermodynamic system
thermodynamic state thermodynamic system; time
thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square conjugate variables
thermodynamic system system <system theory>, matter, radiation
thermodynamic temperature temperature
vapor-compression refrigeration intensive property; phase transition
volume intensive property
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
thermodynamic law
first law of thermodynamics law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
second law of thermodynamics entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
third law of thermodynamics entropy; absolute zero
zeroth law of thermodynamics thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
phase transition
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
phase transition physical change
condensation phase transition; gas; liquid
deposition phase transition; solid; gas
freezing phase transition; solid; liquid
ionization phase transition; plasma; gas
melting phase transition; solid; liquid
sublimation phase transition; solid; gas
recombination phase transition; plasma; gas
vaporization phase transition; gas; liquid
state of matter
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
state of matter
gas state of matter
liquid state of matter
plasma state of matter; charged particles
solid state of matter
vapor liquid; critical point

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy thermodynamic potential
grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble statistical ensemble
grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy isothermal process
H-theorem entropy; ideal gas
kinetic theory of gases gas; particle number
Landau free energy, Landau potential
Maxwell relations symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory
specific enthalpy enthalpy; mass
thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit particle number; volume
thermodynamic potential thermodynamic state; scalar
Vlasov equation differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle

Chemical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
chemical potential chemical species; energy; phase transition

Quantum Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Appendix

Sentence

cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: sentence eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ​↑んしょ↓う jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Hello polyglots, 😀

On this page you will find a part of the Sci–Tech Index, a project for science and technology learners.

cmn-Hans-CN: 科目 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n] eng-Latn-US: subject fra-Latn-FR: matière [f] jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目 jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т
经典热力学 jīngdiǎn rèlìxué klassische Thermodynamik classical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] classique 古典熱力学 こ↑てんねつりき↓がく класси́ческая термодина́мика
统计力学 tǒngjì lìxué statistische Mechanik statistical mechanics physique [f] statistique 統計力学 と↑うけいりき↓がく статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
化学热力学 huàxué rèlìxué chemische Thermodynamik chemical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] chimique 化学熱力学 か↑がくねつりき↓がく хими́ческая термодина́мика
量子热力学 liàngzǐ rèlìxué Quantenthermodynamik [f] quantum thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] quantique 量子熱力学 りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく ква́нтовой термодина́мики
非平衡态热力学 fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] non-equilibrium thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre 非平衡熱力学 ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく неравнове́сная термодина́мика

Main

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
绝对零度 juéduì língdù absoluter Nullpunkt absolute zero temperature; particle zéro absolu 絶対零度 ぜ↑ったいれ↓いど абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры, абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры
吸收式制冷机 xīshōushì zhìlěngjī Absorptionskältemaschine [f] absorption refrigerator refrigeration réfrigérateur [m] à absorption de gaz [m] 吸収式冷凍機 きゅうしゅうしきれいとうき абсорбцио́нная холоди́льная маши́на
绝热过程 juérè guòchéng adiabatische Zustandsänderung, adiabate Zustandsänderung adiabatic process thermodynamic process processus [m] adiabatique 断熱過程 だんねつかてい адиабати́ческий проце́сс, адиаба́тный проце́сс
安托万方程 Āntuōwàn fāngchéng Antoine-Gleichung [f] Antoine equation temperature; vapor pressure équation [f] d'Antoine アントワン式 ア↑ントワンし↓き уравне́ние Антуа́на
Bridgman's thermodynamic equations internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
卡诺热机 Kǎnuò rèjī Carnot-Maschine [f] Carnot heat engine Carnot cycle; heat engine moteur [m] Carnot カルノー機関 カ↑ルノーき↓かん теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель Карно́
卡诺循环 Kǎnuò xúnhuán Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m] Carnot cycle thermodynamic cycle cycle [m] de Carnot カルノーサイクル カ↑ルノーサ↓イクル цикл Карно́, проце́сс Карно́
卡诺定理 Kǎnuò dìnglǐ Satz [m] von Carnot Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule heat engine théorème [m] de Carnot カルノーの定理，カルノーの原理 カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり，カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり теоре́ма Карно́
克劳修斯定理，克劳修斯不等式 Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ, Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì Clausius-Ungleichung [f] Clausius theorem thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle inégalité [f] de Clausius, théorème [m] de Clausius クラウジウスの定理 ク↑ラウジウ↓スの↑て↓いり нера́венство Клаузиуса
性能系数 xìngnéng xìshù Leistungszahl [f] coefficient of performance heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy coefficient [m] de performance [f] 成績係数，動作係数 せ↑いせきけ↓いすう，ど↑うさけ↓いすう коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния теплоты́
conjugate variables
enthalpy internal energy; pressure; volume
entropy work <mechanics>; energy
equation of state thermodynamic equation; state variable
free expansion, Joule expansion irreversible process; volume
fundamental thermodynamic relation internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
gas constant energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
heat pump mechanical energy; mechanical work
heat energy
heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient
heat engine mechanical energy; mechanical work
ideal gas point particle
ideal gas law, general gas equation equation of state; ideal gas
internal energy thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
irreversible process thermodynamic process
isentropic process adiabatic process; reversible process
isenthalpic process thermodynamic process; enthalpy
isobaric process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
isolated system physical system; thermodynamic system
isothermal process thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
Kelvin scale thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
law of conservation of energy energy; isolated system
Mayer's relation specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
particle number, number of particles thermodynamic system; particle
perpetual motion machine laws of thermodynamics
polytropic index polytropic process
polytropic process thermodynamic process
pressure–volume diagram thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
process function, path function thermodynamic process
quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
real gas ideal gas law
refrigerant refrigeration
refrigeration cooling
reversible process thermodynamic process
reversed Carnot cycle Carnot cycle
scale of temperature temperature
state function, function of state, point function state variable <control theory>
Stirling engine reciprocating engine
temperature
temperature–entropy diagram thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
thermal conduction heat transfer
thermal convection, convective heat transfer heat transfer
thermal efficiency thermal energy
thermal energy enthalpy; heat
thermal radiation electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
thermodynamic cycle thermodynamic process
thermodynamic diagram thermodynamic state
thermodynamic free energy work; thermodynamic system
thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential scalar
thermodynamic process thermodynamic system
thermodynamic state thermodynamic system; time
thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square conjugate variables
thermodynamic system system <system theory>, matter, radiation
thermodynamic temperature temperature
vapor-compression refrigeration intensive property; phase transition
volume intensive property
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
thermodynamic law
first law of thermodynamics law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
second law of thermodynamics entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
third law of thermodynamics entropy; absolute zero
zeroth law of thermodynamics thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
phase transition
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
phase transition physical change
condensation phase transition; gas; liquid
deposition phase transition; solid; gas
freezing phase transition; solid; liquid
ionization phase transition; plasma; gas
melting phase transition; solid; liquid
sublimation phase transition; solid; gas
recombination phase transition; plasma; gas
vaporization phase transition; gas; liquid
state of matter
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
state of matter
gas state of matter
liquid state of matter
plasma state of matter; charged particles
solid state of matter
vapor liquid; critical point

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy thermodynamic potential
grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble statistical ensemble
grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy isothermal process
H-theorem entropy; ideal gas
kinetic theory of gases gas; particle number
Landau free energy, Landau potential
Maxwell relations symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory
specific enthalpy enthalpy; mass
thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit particle number; volume
thermodynamic potential thermodynamic state; scalar
Vlasov equation differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle

Chemical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
chemical potential chemical species; energy; phase transition

Quantum Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Appendix

Sentence

cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: sentence eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ​↑んしょ↓う jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Symbol

Classical Thermodynamics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 含义 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f] eng-Latn-US: meaning fra-Latn-FR: signification [f] jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味 jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние
C 热容量，热容 rè róngliàng, rè róng Wärmekapazität [f] heat capacity, thermal capacity capacité [f] thermique 熱容量 ね↑つよ↓うりょう теплоёмкость
Cp 等压热容 děngyā rèróng isobare Wärmekapazität isobaric heat capacity capacité thermique isobare 定圧熱容量 て↑いあつねつよ↓うりょう изоба́рная теплоёмкость
CV 等容热容 děngróng rèróng isochore Wärmekapazität isochoric heat capacity capacité thermique isochore 定積熱容量 て↑いせきねつよ↓うりょう
Δ 变化量 biànhuà liàng Änderung [f] change changement [f] 変化量 へ↑んか↓りょう измене́ние
H 焓 hán Enthalpie [f] enthalpy enthalpie [f] エンタルピー エ↑ンタ↓ルピー энтальпи́я
L specific latent heat
M 摩尔质量 Mó'ěr zhìliàng molare Masse molar mass masse molaire モル質量 モ↑ルしつ↓りょう моля́рная ма́сса
m 质量 zhìliàng Masse [f] mass masse [f] 質量 し↑つ↓りょう ма́сса
N 粒子数 lìzǐ shù Teilchenzahl [f] number of particles, particle number nombre [m] de particules
NA 阿伏伽德罗常数 Āfúliādéluó chángshù Avogadro-Konstante [f] Avogadro constant constante [f] d'Avogadro, nombre [m] d'Avogadro アボガドロ定数 ア↑ボガドロて↓いすう конста́нта Авога́дро, постоя́нная Авога́дро, число́ Авога́дро
n 摩尔 mó'ěr Mol [n] mole mole [f] モル モル моль
P, p 压强 yā qiáng Druck [m] pressure pression [f] 圧力 あ↑つ↓りょく давле́ние
p volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
Q 热量 rè liàng Wärme [f] heat chaleur [f] 熱量 ね↑つ↓りょう
QL 潜热 qián rè latente Wärme latent heat, latent energy, heat of transformation chaleur latente 潜熱 せんねつ скры́тая теплота́
q vapor quality
q heat flux density
Ru, R 普适气体常数，理想气体常数，气体常数 pǔshì qìtī chángshù, lǐxiǎng qìtǐ chángshù, qìtǐ chángshù allgemeine Gaskonstante, universelle Gaskonstante, Gaskonstante [f] universal gas constant, ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, gas constant constante universelle des gaz parfaits, constante [f] des gaz parfaits 普遍気体定数，モル気体定数，気体定数 ふ↑へんきたいて↓いすう ，モ↓ルき↑たいて↓いすう，き↑たいて↓いすう универса́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
R 个别气体常数 gèbié chángshù spezifische Gaskonstante, individuelle Gaskonstante specific gas constant, individual gas constant constante [f] spécifique d'un gaz, constante individuelle d'un gaz 特定の気体定数 と↑くていの↓き↑たいて↓いすう уде́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
S 熵 shāng Entropie [f] entropy entropie [f] エントロピー エ↑ントロ↓ピー энтропи́я
T 热力学温度 rèlìxué wēndù thermodynamische Temperatur thermodynamic temperature température [f] thermodynamique 熱力学温度 ね↑つ↓り↑きがくお↓んど термодинами́ческая температу́ра
U 内能 nèi néng innere Energie internal energy énergie interne 内部エネルギー な↑いぶエネル↓ギー вну́тренняя эне́ргия
V 体积 tǐjī Volumen [n] volume volume [m] 体積 た↓いせき объём
W 功 gōng Volumenänderungsarbeit [f], Volumenarbeit [f] travail [m] work 仕事 し↑ごと термодинами́ческая рабо́та
α coefficient of thermal expansion
β compressibility
ρ density
γ, κ heat capacity ratio
δ infinitesimal change
Φ Massieu potential
Ξ Planck potential
ν specific volume

Statistical Mechanics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 含义 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f] eng-Latn-US: meaning fra-Latn-FR: signification [f] jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味 jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние
A, F Helmholtz free energy
cp specific heat capacity
G Gibbs free energy
kB Boltzmann constant
ΦG, Ω grand potential

Chemical Thermodynamics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 含义 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f] eng-Latn-US: meaning fra-Latn-FR: signification [f] jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味 jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние
Qr reaction quotient
a thermodynamic activity
μ chemical potential

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] eng-Latn-US: process eng-Latn-US: constituent fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↓うざい rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть
calculation of Gibbs free energy Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
calculation of Helmholtz free energy Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy

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