Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Vocabulary/Common-strong-and-mixed-verbs"
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[[File:learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg|thumb]] | |||
Hello everyone, | |||
In today's lesson you will find a list combining the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet. | |||
You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs: | You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs: | ||
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Derived terms are not to be listed. | Derived terms are not to be listed. | ||
== Strong verbs == | <span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you:</span> [[Language/Swiss-german/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]], [[Language/Swiss-german/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]], [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] & [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Shopping|Shopping]]. | ||
== '''Strong verbs''' == | |||
Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes: | Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes: | ||
Line 13: | Line 17: | ||
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs | ||
=== Class 1 === | === '''Class 1''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| '''bisse''' | | '''bisse''' | ||
| '''hat gebissen''' | | '''hat gebissen''' | ||
| to bite; to sting | | to bite; to sting; to burn; to be sharp; to be spicy | ||
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 41: | Line 45: | ||
| '''bliebe''' | | '''bliebe''' | ||
| '''ist geblieben''' | | '''ist geblieben''' | ||
| to remain; to stay | | to remain; to keep on; to stay; to be; to be left for someone; to stick with | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''greifen''' | | '''greifen''' | ||
| greift | | greift | ||
| | | greif''e'' | ||
| '''griff''' | | '''griff''' | ||
| '''griffe''' | | '''griffe''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat gerissen''' | | '''ist/hat gerissen''' | ||
| to tear; to break; to snatch | | to tear; to break; to snatch | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''reiten''' | | '''reiten''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat geritten''' | | '''ist/hat geritten''' | ||
| to ride | | to ride | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”, with “sein” also practically used; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''scheiden''' | | '''scheiden''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat geschieden''' | | '''ist/hat geschieden''' | ||
| to separate; to be separated | | to separate; to be separated | ||
| When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''scheinen''' | | '''scheinen''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''schmeißen''' | | '''schmeißen''' | ||
| schmeißt | | schmeißt/schmeisst | ||
| schmeiß''e'' | | schmeiß''e''/schmeisse | ||
| '''schmiss''' | | '''schmiss''' | ||
| '''schmisse''' | | '''schmisse''' | ||
| '''hat geschmissen''' | | '''hat geschmissen''' | ||
| to throw; to drop by accident; to manage | | to throw; to drop by accident; to manage | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''schneiden''' | | '''schneiden''' | ||
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| '''streichen''' | | '''streichen''' | ||
| streicht | | streicht | ||
| | | streich''e'' | ||
| '''strich''' | | '''strich''' | ||
| '''striche''' | | '''striche''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat getrieben''' | | '''ist/hat getrieben''' | ||
| to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do | | to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''verzeihen''' | | '''verzeihen''' | ||
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| hat geweicht'''/ist gewichen''' | | hat geweicht'''/ist gewichen''' | ||
| to wane; to yield; to soak | | to wane; to yield; to soak | ||
| When it | | When it means “to soak”, the weak forms are used. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''weisen''' | | '''weisen''' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Class 2 === | === '''Class 2''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| '''ist/hat gebogen''' | | '''ist/hat gebogen''' | ||
| to bend; to turn | | to bend; to turn | ||
| When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''bieten''' | | '''bieten''' | ||
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| '''böte''' | | '''böte''' | ||
| '''hat geboten''' | | '''hat geboten''' | ||
| to offer; to bid | | to offer; to bid; (opportunity) to arise | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''ist/hat geflogen''' | | '''ist/hat geflogen''' | ||
| to fly; to rush | | to fly; to rush | ||
| When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''fliehen''' | | '''fliehen''' | ||
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| '''ist geflohen''' | | '''ist geflohen''' | ||
| to flee | | to flee | ||
| When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''fließen/fliessen''' | | '''fließen/fliessen''' | ||
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| '''fröre''' | | '''fröre''' | ||
| '''ist/hat gefroren''' | | '''ist/hat gefroren''' | ||
| to freeze; to feel | | to freeze; to feel cold; to be freezing | ||
| When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''genießen/geniessen''' | | '''genießen/geniessen''' | ||
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| '''hat gesaugt/gesogen''' | | '''hat gesaugt/gesogen''' | ||
| to suck; to vacuum | | to suck; to vacuum | ||
| When it means “to | | When it means “to suck”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''schieben''' | | '''schieben''' | ||
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| sprießt/spriesst | | sprießt/spriesst | ||
| sprieß''e''/spriess''e'' | | sprieß''e''/spriess''e'' | ||
| '''sproß''' | | '''sproß/spross''' | ||
| '''sprösse''' | | '''sprösse''' | ||
| '''ist gesprossen''' | | '''ist gesprossen''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat gezogen''' | | '''ist/hat gezogen''' | ||
| to pull; to draw; to move; to roam | | to pull; to draw; to move; to roam | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Class 3 === | === '''Class 3''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| '''bärge''' | | '''bärge''' | ||
| '''hat geborgen''' | | '''hat geborgen''' | ||
| to rescue; to salvage | | to rescue; to salvage; to conseal; to contain | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''ist geborsten''' | | '''ist geborsten''' | ||
| to burst | | to burst | ||
| | | Forms “berstet” and “borst” are seldom used; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: “birst”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''binden''' | | '''binden''' | ||
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| '''bände''' | | '''bände''' | ||
| '''hat gebunden''' | | '''hat gebunden''' | ||
| to bind | | to tie up; to bind; to knot; to congeal; to thicken; to be involved | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''dränge''' | | '''dränge''' | ||
| '''ist/hat gedrungen''' | | '''ist/hat gedrungen''' | ||
| to insist; to seep; to force | | to insist; to seep; to force one’s way | ||
| When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; otherwise “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''erklimmen''' | | '''erklimmen''' | ||
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| '''erlöschen''' | | '''erlöschen''' | ||
| erlöscht'''/erlischt''' | | erlöscht'''/erlischt''' | ||
| ''' | | erlösch''e'''''/erlisch''e''''' | ||
| erlöschte'''/erlosch''' | | erlöschte'''/erlosch''' | ||
| erlöschte'''/erlösche''' | | erlöschte'''/erlösche''' | ||
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| '''hat gescholten''' | | '''hat gescholten''' | ||
| to scold | | to scold | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''schinden''' | |||
| schindet | |||
| '''schinde''' | |||
| '''schund''' | |||
| '''schünde''' | |||
| '''hat geschunden''' | |||
| to mistreat | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''ist/hat geschmolzen''' | | '''ist/hat geschmolzen''' | ||
| to melt; to smelt | | to melt; to smelt | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''schwellen''' | | '''schwellen''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat geschwommen''' | | '''ist/hat geschwommen''' | ||
| to swim; to float | | to swim; to float | ||
| When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “haben” or “sein”; otherwise “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''schwinden''' | | '''schwinden''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat geschwungen''' | | '''ist/hat geschwungen''' | ||
| to swing; to wave; to vibrate | | to swing; to wave; to vibrate | ||
| When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''singen''' | | '''singen''' | ||
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| '''spänne/spönne''' | | '''spänne/spönne''' | ||
| '''hat gesponnen''' | | '''hat gesponnen''' | ||
| to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be | | to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be crazy | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Class 4 === | === '''Class 4''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| to command; to give orders | | to command; to give orders | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| '''bewegen''' | |||
| bewegt | |||
| beweg''e'' | |||
| bewegte'''/bewog''' | |||
| bewegte'''/bewöge''' | |||
| '''hat bewogen''' | |||
| to persuade; to promt; to induce; to move; to stir | |||
| When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''brechen''' | | '''brechen''' | ||
Line 1,004: | Line 1,017: | ||
| '''bräche''' | | '''bräche''' | ||
| '''ist/hat gebrochen''' | | '''ist/hat gebrochen''' | ||
| to break | | to break; to refract; to vomit; to fold | ||
| When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is | | When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; otherwise “hat”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''empfehlen''' | | '''empfehlen''' | ||
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| '''erschrecken''' | | '''erschrecken''' | ||
| erschreckt'''/erschrickt''' | | erschreckt'''/erschrickt''' | ||
| erschreck''e'' '''/erschricke''' | | erschreck''e'''''/erschricke''' | ||
| erschreckte'''/erschrak''' | | erschreckte'''/erschrak''' | ||
| erschreckte'''/erschräke''' | | erschreckte'''/erschräke''' | ||
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| '''scheren''' | | '''scheren''' | ||
| schert'''/schiert''' | | schert'''/schiert''' | ||
| ''' | | scher''e'''''/schier''' | ||
| scherte'''/schor''' | | scherte'''/schor''' | ||
| scherte'''/schöre''' | | scherte'''/schöre''' | ||
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| '''stäche''' | | '''stäche''' | ||
| '''hat gestochen''' | | '''hat gestochen''' | ||
| to stick; to cut; (the sun) burn | | to stick; to cut; (the sun) to burn | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Class 5 === | === '''Class 5''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| '''misst''' | | '''misst''' | ||
| '''miss''' | | '''miss''' | ||
| '''maß''' | | '''maß/mass''' | ||
| '''mäße''' | | '''mäße/mässe''' | ||
| '''hat gemessen''' | | '''hat gemessen''' | ||
| to measure; to compete | | to measure; to compete | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''sehen''' | | '''sehen''' | ||
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| sitzt | | sitzt | ||
| '''sitz''' | | '''sitz''' | ||
| '''saß''' | | '''saß/sass''' | ||
| '''säße''' | | '''säße/sässe''' | ||
| '''ist/hat gesessen''' | | '''ist/hat gesessen''' | ||
| to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit | | to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''treten''' | | '''treten''' | ||
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| '''ist/hat getreten''' | | '''ist/hat getreten''' | ||
| to step; to kick; to appear | | to step; to kick; to appear | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''vergessen''' | | '''vergessen''' | ||
| '''vergisst''' | | '''vergisst''' | ||
| '''vergiss''' | | '''vergiss''' | ||
| '''vergaß''' | | '''vergaß/vergass''' | ||
| '''vergäße''' | | '''vergäße/vergässe''' | ||
| '''hat vergessen''' | | '''hat vergessen''' | ||
| to forget; to forget to take; to overlook | | to forget; to forget to take; to overlook | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Class 6 === | === '''Class 6''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
Line 1,259: | Line 1,272: | ||
| backte'''/büke''' | | backte'''/büke''' | ||
| '''hat''' gebackt'''/gebacken''' | | '''hat''' gebackt'''/gebacken''' | ||
| to back; to stick | | to back; to roast; to stick | ||
| The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”. | | The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,269: | Line 1,282: | ||
| '''ist/hat gefahren''' | | '''ist/hat gefahren''' | ||
| to go by vehicle; to sail | | to go by vehicle; to sail | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''graben''' | | '''graben''' | ||
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| '''mahlen''' | | '''mahlen''' | ||
| mahlt'''/mählt''' | | mahlt'''/mählt''' | ||
| ''' | | mahl''e'''''/mähl''' | ||
| mahlte'''/muhl''' | | mahlte'''/muhl''' | ||
| mahlte'''/mühle''' | | mahlte'''/mühle''' | ||
Line 1,363: | Line 1,376: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Class 7 === | === '''Class 7''' === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
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| '''bliese''' | | '''bliese''' | ||
| '''hat geblasen''' | | '''hat geblasen''' | ||
| to blow | | to blow; to play (instrument) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,391: | Line 1,404: | ||
| '''briete''' | | '''briete''' | ||
| '''hat gebraten''' | | '''hat gebraten''' | ||
| to fry | | to fry; to roast; to grill; to broil | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,451: | Line 1,464: | ||
| '''lässt''' | | '''lässt''' | ||
| lass''e'' | | lass''e'' | ||
| '''ließ''' | | '''ließ/liess''' | ||
| '''ließe''' | | '''ließe/liesse''' | ||
| '''hat gelassen''' | | '''hat gelassen''' | ||
| to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop | | to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''laufen''' | | '''laufen''' | ||
Line 1,496: | Line 1,509: | ||
| '''stößt/stösst''' | | '''stößt/stösst''' | ||
| stoß''e''/stoss''e'' | | stoß''e''/stoss''e'' | ||
| '''stieß''' | | '''stieß/stiess''' | ||
| '''stieße''' | | '''stieße/stiesse''' | ||
| '''ist/hat gestoßen''' | | '''ist/hat gestoßen/gestossen''' | ||
| to bump; to push; to jolt | | to bump; to push; to jolt | ||
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
Line 1,504: | Line 1,517: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Mixed verbs == | == '''Mixed verbs''' == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! infinitive | ! infinitive | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person present | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | ||
! singular imperative | ! singular imperative | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | ||
Line 1,542: | Line 1,555: | ||
| '''hat gedacht''' | | '''hat gedacht''' | ||
| to think; not to forget; to imagine | | to think; not to forget; to imagine | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,578: | Line 1,582: | ||
| '''hat gekannt''' | | '''hat gekannt''' | ||
| to know | | to know | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,598: | Line 1,593: | ||
| 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: milkst. | | 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: milkst. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''nennen''' | |||
| '''nennen''' | |||
| nennt | | nennt | ||
| nenn''e'' | | nenn''e'' | ||
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| '''ist/hat gerannt''' | | '''ist/hat gerannt''' | ||
| to run | | to run | ||
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is | | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''salzen''' | | '''salzen''' | ||
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| '''hat gesalzen''' | | '''hat gesalzen''' | ||
| to salt; to preserve (something) with salt | | to salt; to preserve (something) with salt | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,670: | Line 1,638: | ||
| When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used. | | When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''spalten''' | |||
| '''spalten''' | |||
| spaltet | | spaltet | ||
| spalt''e'' | | spalt''e'' | ||
Line 1,723: | Line 1,682: | ||
| will; to be done; to become | | will; to be done; to become | ||
| 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: werde; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: wirst. | | 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: werde; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: wirst. | ||
|} | |||
== '''Other verbs''' == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present | |||
! singular imperative | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular subjunctive ii | |||
! auxiliary verb + past participle | |||
! main English meanings | |||
! note | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''dürfen''' | ||
| ''' | | '''darf''' | ||
| '''-''' | | '''-''' | ||
| '''wusste''' | | '''durfte''' | ||
| '''wüsste''' | | '''dürfte''' | ||
| '''hat gedurft''' | |||
| to be allowed; may | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''können''' | |||
| '''kann''' | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''konnte''' | |||
| '''könnte''' | |||
| '''hat gekonnt''' | |||
| to be able; can; to be allowed; to know how to | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''mögen''' | |||
| '''mag''' | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''mochte''' | |||
| '''möchte''' | |||
| '''hat gemocht''' | |||
| to like; to want to go; may; to be hesitant to; to want to | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''müssen''' | |||
| '''muss''' | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''musste''' | |||
| '''müsste''' | |||
| '''hat gemusst''' | |||
| to have to; must | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''sollen''' | |||
| '''soll''' | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''sollte''' | |||
| '''sollte''' | |||
| '''hat''' gesollt'''/sollen''' | |||
| should; to be obligated (to do something); to be recommended (to do something); to intend (to do something); to be said (to do something) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''wissen''' | |||
| '''weiß/weiss''' | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''wusste''' | |||
| '''wüsste''' | |||
| '''hat gewusst''' | | '''hat gewusst''' | ||
| to know; to remember | | to know; to remember | ||
| | | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''wollen''' | | '''wollen''' | ||
Line 1,741: | Line 1,759: | ||
| to want | | to want | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
https://www.funny-frisch.de/files/produkte/packshots/chipsfrisch/gesalzen_packshot.png | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Basic-Phrases-in-German|Basic Phrases in German]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/People-in-German|People in German]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Airport|Airport]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Animal-Sounds|Animal Sounds]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Maps|Maps]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Time|Time]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Food|Food]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Family|Family]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 23:23, 26 March 2023
Hello everyone,
In today's lesson you will find a list combining the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet.
You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_verbs_by_inflection_type
Derived terms are not to be listed.
After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Drinks, Days of the Week, Numbers & Shopping.
Strong verbs[edit | edit source]
Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs
Class 1[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
beißen/beissen | beißt/beisst | beiße/beisse | biss | bisse | hat gebissen | to bite; to sting; to burn; to be sharp; to be spicy | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
bleiben | bleibt | bleibe | blieb | bliebe | ist geblieben | to remain; to keep on; to stay; to be; to be left for someone; to stick with | |
gedeihen | gedeiht | gedeihe | gedieh | gediehe | ist gediehen | to thrive | |
gleichen | gleicht | gleiche | glich | gliche | hat geglichen | to resemble; to be alike | |
gleiten | gleitet | gleite | glitt | glitte | ist geglitten | to glide; to slide | Its derived term “begleiten” is a weak verb. |
greifen | greift | greife | griff | griffe | hat gegriffen | to grab; to seize; to capture | |
kneifen | kneift | kneife | kniff | kniffe | hat gekniffen | to pinch; to squeeze | |
leiden | leidet | leide | litt | litte | hat gelitten | to bear; to suffer | Its derived term “verleiden” is a weak verb. |
leihen | leiht | leihe | lieh | liehe | hat geliehen | to lend; to borrow | |
meiden | meidet | meide | mied | miede | hat gemieden | to avoid; to shun | |
pfeifen | pfeift | pfeife | pfiff | pfiffe | hat gepfiffen | to whistle; to act as referee | |
preisen | preist | preise | pries | priese | hat gepriesen | to praise | |
reiben | reibt | reibe | rieb | riebe | hat gerieben | to rub; to grate | |
reißen/reissen | reißt/reisst | reiße/reisse | riss | risse | ist/hat gerissen | to tear; to break; to snatch | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
reiten | reitet | reite | ritt | ritte | ist/hat geritten | to ride | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”, with “sein” also practically used; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
scheiden | scheidet | scheide | schied | schiede | ist/hat geschieden | to separate; to be separated | When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
scheinen | scheint | scheine | schien | schiene | hat geschienen | to shine; to seem | |
scheißen/scheissen | scheißt/scheisst | scheiß/scheiss | schiss | schisse | hat geschissen | (vulgar) to shit | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
schleichen | schleicht | schleiche | schlich | schliche | ist geschlichen | to crawl; to sneak; (car) to move slowly | |
schleifen | schleift | schleife | schleifte/schliff | schleifte/schliffe | hat geschliffen | to whet; to drag | When it means “to whet”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form. |
schmeißen | schmeißt/schmeisst | schmeiße/schmeisse | schmiss | schmisse | hat geschmissen | to throw; to drop by accident; to manage | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
schneiden | schneidet | schneide | schnitt | schnitte | hat geschnitten | to cut; to pare; to cut off; to intersect | |
schreiben | schreibt | schreibe | schrieb | schriebe | hat geschrieben | to write; to spell | |
schreien | schreit | schreie | schrie | schriee | hat geschrien | to shout; to yell | |
schreiten | schreitet | schreite | schritt | schritte | ist geschritten | to stride | |
schweigen | schweigt | schweige | schwieg | schwiege | hat geschwiegen | to be silent; to stop talking | |
speien | speit | speie | spie | spie/spiee | hat gespien | to spit | |
steigen | steigt | steige | stieg | stiege | ist gestiegen | to ascend; to climb; to rise; to rear up | |
streichen | streicht | streiche | strich | striche | ist/hat gestrichen | to stroke; to cancel; to spread; to paint | |
streiten | streitet | streite | stritt | stritte | hat gestritten | to quarrel; to fight | |
treiben | treibt | treibe | trieb | triebe | ist/hat getrieben | to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
verzeihen | verzeiht | verzeihe | verzieh | verziehe | hat verziehen | to forgive | |
weichen | weicht | weiche | weichte/wich | weichte/wiche | hat geweicht/ist gewichen | to wane; to yield; to soak | When it means “to soak”, the weak forms are used. |
weisen | weist | weise | wies | wiese | hat gewiesen | to point; to indicate |
Class 2[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
biegen | biegt | biege | bog | böge | ist/hat gebogen | to bend; to turn | When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
bieten | bietet | biete | bot | böte | hat geboten | to offer; to bid; (opportunity) to arise | |
erkiesen | erkiest | erkiese | erkor | erköre | hat erkoren | to choose | |
fliegen | fliegt | fliege | flog | flöge | ist/hat geflogen | to fly; to rush | When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
fliehen | flieht | fliehe | floh | flöhe | ist geflohen | to flee | When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. |
fließen/fliessen | fließt/fliesst | fließe/fliesse | floss | flösse | ist geflossen | to flow | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
frieren | friert | friere | fror | fröre | ist/hat gefroren | to freeze; to feel cold; to be freezing | When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. |
genießen/geniessen | genießt/geniesst | genieße/geniesse | genoss | genösse | hat genossen | to enjoy; to have (food and drink) | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
gießen/giessen | gießt/giesst | gieße/giesse | goss | gösse | hat gegossen | to pour; to cast; to water; to rain | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
kriechen | kriecht | krieche | kroch | kröche | ist gekrochen | to crawl; to creep | |
lügen | lügt | lüge | log | löge | hat gelogen | to tell a lie; (less often) to unintentionally give false information | |
riechen | riecht | rieche | roch | röche | hat gerochen | to smell; to reek | |
saufen | säuft | saufe | soff | söffe | hat gesoffen | (an animal) to drink; to booze | |
saugen | saugt | sauge | saugte/sog | saugte/söge | hat gesaugt/gesogen | to suck; to vacuum | When it means “to suck”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used. |
schieben | schiebt | schiebe | schob | schöbe | hat geschoben | to push; to slide | |
schießen/schiessen | schießt/schiesst | schieße/schiesse | schoss | schösse | ist/hat geschossen | to shoot; (photography) to shoot; (sports) to kick | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
schließen/schliessen | schließt/schliesst | schließe/schliesse | schloss | schlösse | hat geschlossen | to shut; to close; to lock; to conclude | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
sieden | siedet | siede | siedete/sott | siedete/sötte | hat gesotten | to simmer; to boil | |
sprießen/spriessen | sprießt/spriesst | sprieße/spriesse | sproß/spross | sprösse | ist gesprossen | to sprout | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
trügen | trügt | trüge | trog | tröge | hat getrogen | to deceive; to be deceptive | |
verdrießen/verdriessen | verdrießt/verdriesst | verdrieße/verdriesse | verdross | verdrösse | hat verdrossen | to chagrin | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
verlieren | verliert | verliere | verlor | verlöre | hat verloren | to lose; to shed; to trail away | |
wiegen | wiegt | wiege | wiegte/wog | wiegte/wöge | hat gewogen | to weigh; to sway; to chop | When it means “to weigh”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form. |
ziehen | zieht | ziehe | zog | zöge | ist/hat gezogen | to pull; to draw; to move; to roam | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
Class 3[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
beginnen | beginnt | beginne | begann | begänne/begönne | hat begonnen | to begin | |
bergen | birgt | birg | barg | bärge | hat geborgen | to rescue; to salvage; to conseal; to contain | |
bersten | berstet/birst | birst | barst/borst | bärste | ist geborsten | to burst | Forms “berstet” and “borst” are seldom used; 2nd person singular present: “birst”. |
binden | bindet | binde | band | bände | hat gebunden | to tie up; to bind; to knot; to congeal; to thicken; to be involved | |
dreschen | drischt | drisch | drosch | drösche | hat gedroschen | to thresh | |
dringen | dringt | dringe | drang | dränge | ist/hat gedrungen | to insist; to seep; to force one’s way | When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; otherwise “sein”. |
erklimmen | erklimmt | erklimme | erklomm | erklömme | hat erklommen | to climb | |
erlöschen | erlöscht/erlischt | erlösche/erlische | erlöschte/erlosch | erlöschte/erlösche | hat erlöscht / ist erloschen | to extinguish; to go out; to lapse | When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used. |
fechten | ficht | ficht | focht | föchte | hat gefochten | to fence; to fight | It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard; only the standard form has the sense of “to fight”. |
finden | findet | finde | fand | fände | hat gefunden | to find; to think (something) to be | |
flechten | flicht | flicht | flocht | flöchte | hat geflochten | to plait; to braid | It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard. |
gären | gärt | gäre | gärte/gor | gärte/göre | hat gegärt / ist/hat gegoren | to ferment; to be agitated | When it means “to ferment”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to be agitated”, the weak forms are used. |
gelingen | gelingt | gelinge | gelang | gelänge | ist gelungen | to succeed | |
gelten | gilt | gilt | galt | gälte/gölte | hat gegolten | to be valid; to be effective; to be worth | |
gewinnen | gewinnt | gewinne | gewann | gewänne | hat gewonnen | to win; to gain; to persuade | |
glimmen | glimmt | glimme | glimmte/glomm | glimmte/glömme | hat geglimmt/geglommen | to shine; to glow | |
helfen | hilft | hilf | half | hülfe/hälfe | hat geholfen | to help | |
klingen | klingt | klinge | klang | klänge | hat geklungen | to sound | |
misslingen | misslingt | misslinge | misslang | misslänge | ist misslungen | to fail | |
quellen | quillt | quill | quoll | quölle | ist gequollen | to well; to swell | |
ringen | ringt | ringe | rang | ränge | hat gerungen | to wrestle; to struggle | |
rinnen | rinnt | rinne | rann | ränne/rönne | ist geronnen | to flow; to leak; to run; to trickle | |
schelten | schilt | schilt | schalt | schälte/schölte | hat gescholten | to scold | |
schinden | schindet | schinde | schund | schünde | hat geschunden | to mistreat | |
schlingen | schlingt | schlinge | schlang | schlänge | hat geschlungen | to wind; to tie; to gobble | |
schmelzen | schmilzt | schmilz | schmolz | schmölze | ist/hat geschmolzen | to melt; to smelt | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
schwellen | schwillt | schwill | schwoll | schwölle | ist geschwollen | to swell up | |
schwimmen | schwimmt | schwimme | schwamm/schwomm | schwämme/schwömme | ist/hat geschwommen | to swim; to float | When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “haben” or “sein”; otherwise “sein”. |
schwinden | schwindet | schwinde | schwand | schwände | ist geschwunden | to dwindle | |
schwingen | schwingt | schwinge | schwang | schwänge | ist/hat geschwungen | to swing; to wave; to vibrate | When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
singen | singt | singe | sang | sänge | hat gesungen | to sing | |
sinken | sinkt | sinke | sank | sänke | ist gesunken | to sink; to submerge | |
spinnen | spinnt | spinne | spann | spänne/spönne | hat gesponnen | to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be crazy | |
springen | springt | springe | sprang | spränge | ist gesprungen | to spring; to jump | |
sterben | stirbt | stirb | starb | stürbe | ist gestorben | to die | |
stinken | stinkt | stinke | stank | stänke | hat gestunken | to stink | |
trinken | trinkt | trinke | trank | tränke | hat getrunken | to drink | |
verderben | verdirbt | verdirb | verdarb | verdürbe | ist/hat verdorben | to ruin; to deprive; to spoil; to be offensive | |
wägen | wägt | wäge | wog | wöge | hat gewogen | to weigh | |
werben | wirbt | wirb | warb | würbe | hat geworben | to recruit; to advertise | |
werfen | wirft | wirf | warf | würfe | hat geworfen | to throw; to cast; (an animal) to give birth | |
winden | windet | winde | wand | wände | hat gewunden | to wind; to twist; to squirm | |
wringen | wringt | wringe | wrang | wränge | hat gewrungen | to wring (clothes) | |
zwingen | zwingt | zwinge | zwang | zwänge | hat gezwungen | to force; to compel; to necessitate |
Class 4[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
befehlen | befiehlt | befiehl | befahl | befähle | hat befohlen | to command; to give orders | |
bewegen | bewegt | bewege | bewegte/bewog | bewegte/bewöge | hat bewogen | to persuade; to promt; to induce; to move; to stir | When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used. |
brechen | bricht | brich | brach | bräche | ist/hat gebrochen | to break; to refract; to vomit; to fold | When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; otherwise “hat”. |
empfehlen | empfiehlt | empfiehl | empfahl | empfähle | hat empfohlen | to recommend | |
erschrecken | erschreckt/erschrickt | erschrecke/erschricke | erschreckte/erschrak | erschreckte/erschräke | hat erschreckt / ist erschrocken | to be frightened | When it is transitive/reflexive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used. |
gebären | gebärt/gebiert | gebier | gebar | gebäre | hat geboren | to give birth; to give birth to | It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard. |
kommen | kommt | komme | kam | käme | ist gekommen | to come; to get; to occur; to be due to; to be played; to obtain; to get an idea | |
nehmen | nimmt | nimm | nahm | nähme | hat genommen | to take; to seize; to become; to receive; to accept | |
scheren | schert/schiert | schere/schier | scherte/schor | scherte/schöre | ist/hat geschert / hat geschoren | to shear; to clip; to cut; to bother; to go into a direction | When it means “to go into a direction”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to shear”, “to clip”, “to cut”, “to bother”, the strong forms are used. |
sinnen | sinnt | sinn | sann | sänne/sönne | hat gesonnen | to think; to intend | |
sprechen | spricht | sprich | sprach | spräche | hat gesprochen | to speak | |
stechen | sticht | stich | stach | stäche | hat gestochen | to stick; to cut; (the sun) to burn | |
stehlen | stiehlt | stiehl | stahl | stähle/stöhle | hat gestohlen | to steal; to skulk | |
treffen | trifft | triff | traf | träfe | hat getroffen | to meet; to hit; to affect; to concern |
Class 5[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bitten | bittet | bitte | bat | bäte | hat gebeten | to ask; to beg | |
essen | isst | iss | aß/ass | äße/ässe | hat gegessen | to eat | Some Austrian people use “gessen” as the auxiliary verb; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
fressen | frisst | friss | fraß/frass | fräße/frässe | hat gefressen | (an animal) to eat | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
geben | gibt | gib | gab | gäbe | hat gegeben | to give; to present; there to be; to result in | |
genesen | genest | genese | genas | genäse | ist genesen | to recover | |
geschehen | geschieht | geschieh | geschah | geschähe | ist geschehen | to occur | |
lesen | liest | lies | las | läse | hat gelesen | to read | |
liegen | liegt | liege | lag | läge | ist/hat gelegen | to lie (in a horizontal position); to lie somewhere; to be located | |
messen | misst | miss | maß/mass | mäße/mässe | hat gemessen | to measure; to compete | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
sehen | sieht | siehe | sah | sähe | hat gesehen | to see; to realize; to meet | |
sitzen | sitzt | sitz | saß/sass | säße/sässe | ist/hat gesessen | to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
treten | tritt | tritt | trat | träte | ist/hat getreten | to step; to kick; to appear | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
vergessen | vergisst | vergiss | vergaß/vergass | vergäße/vergässe | hat vergessen | to forget; to forget to take; to overlook | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
Class 6[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
backen | backt/bäckt | backe | backte/buk | backte/büke | hat gebackt/gebacken | to back; to roast; to stick | The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”. |
fahren | fährt | fahre | fuhr | führe | ist/hat gefahren | to go by vehicle; to sail | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”. |
graben | gräbt | grabe | grub | grübe | hat gegraben | to dig; to burrow | |
heben | hebt | hebe | hob | höbe/hübe | hat gehoben | to lift; to heave; to rise | |
laden | lädt | lade | lud | lüde | hat geladen | to load; to charge; to invite | 2nd person singular simple present: lädst; 2nd person singular simple past: ludest/ludst. |
mahlen | mahlt/mählt | mahle/mähl | mahlte/muhl | mahlte/mühle | hat gemahlen | to grind | |
schaffen | schafft | schaffe | schaffte/schuf | schaffte/schüfe | hat geschaft/geschaffen | to create; to establish; to manage; to finish; to convoy | When it means “to create”, “to establish”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form. |
schlagen | schlägt | schlage | schlug | schlüge | hat geschlagen | to beat; to hit; to win | |
schwören | schwört | schwöre | schwor | schwöre/schwüre | hat geschworen | to swear; to take an oath | |
tragen | trägt | trage | trug | trüge | hat getragen | to wear; to carry; (argriculture) to produce; (argriculture) to crop; to support | Its derived terms “beauftragen” and “beantragen” are weak verbs. |
wachsen | wachst/wächst | wachse | wachste/wuchs | wachste/wüchse | ist gewachsen | to grow; to wax | When it means “to wax”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to grow”, the strong forms are used. |
waschen | wäscht | wasche | wusch | wüsche | hat gewaschen | to wash |
Class 7[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
blasen | bläst | blase | blies | bliese | hat geblasen | to blow; to play (instrument) | |
braten | brät | brate | briet | briete | hat gebraten | to fry; to roast; to grill; to broil | |
fallen | fällt | falle | fiel | fiele | ist gefallen | to fall; to fall in battle; to become lower | |
fangen | fängt | fang | fing | finge | hat gefangen | to catch; to improve in health; to calm down | |
gehen | geht | gehe | ging | ginge | ist gegangen | to go; to walk; to leave; to be going; to be possible; to work; to be in progress | |
halten | hält | halte | hielt | hielte | hat gehalten | to hold; to stop; to support; to keep; to consider; to adhere | Its derived term “beinhalten” is a weak verb. |
hängen | hängt | hänge | hängte/hing | hängte/hinge | hat gehängt/gehangen | to hang; to attach to; to depend on; to hang suspend | When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used. |
heißen/heissen | heißt/heisst | heiße/heisse | hieß/hiess | hieße/hiesse | hat geheißen/geheissen | to be called; to mean; to be said | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
lassen | lässt | lasse | ließ/liess | ließe/liesse | hat gelassen | to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
laufen | läuft | laufe | lief | liefe | ist/hat gelaufen | to run; to walk; to flow; to be in progress; to be in order | |
raten | rät | rate | riet | riete | hat geraten | to advise; to guess | |
rufen | ruft | rufe | rief | riefe | hat gerufen | to call out; to call (for someone) | |
schlafen | schläft | schlafe | schlief | schliefe | hat geschlafen | to sleep | |
stoßen/stossen | stößt/stösst | stoße/stosse | stieß/stiess | stieße/stiesse | ist/hat gestoßen/gestossen | to bump; to push; to jolt | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
Mixed verbs[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
brennen | brennt | brenne | brannte | brennte | hat gebrannt | to burn; to be affectionate; to be lit; to irritate; to fire; to distil | |
bringen | bringt | bringe | brachte | brächte | hat gebracht | to bring; to take; to lead; to aquire | |
denken | denkt | denke | dachte | dächte | hat gedacht | to think; not to forget; to imagine | |
haben | hat | habe | hatte | hätte | hat gehabt | to have | |
hauen | haut | haue | haute/hieb | haute/hiebe | hat gehaut/gehauen | to thrust; to cut; to hit | |
kennen | kennt | kenne | kannte | kennte | hat gekannt | to know | |
melken | melkt/milkt | melke | melkte/molk | melkte/mölke | hat gemelkt/gemolken | to milk; to drain | 2nd person singular present: milkst. |
nennen | nennt | nenne | nannte | nennte/nannte | hat genannt | to name; to call; to mention | |
rennen | rennt | renne | rannte | rennte | ist/hat gerannt | to run | When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”. |
salzen | salzt | salze | salzte | salzte | hat gesalzen | to salt; to preserve (something) with salt | |
sein | ist | sei | war | wäre | ist gewesen | to be; to feel; to exist | 1st person singular present: bin; 2nd person singular present: bist. |
senden | sendet | sende/sende | sendete/sandte | sendete | hat gesendet/gesandt | to broadcast; to send | When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used. |
spalten | spaltet | spalte | spaltete | spaltete | hat gespaltet/gespalten | to splite; to cleave | |
stehen | steht | stehe | stand | stände/stünde | ist/hat gestanden | to stand; to appear | |
tun | tut | tue | tat | täte | hat getan | to do; to make a difference; to fake | |
wenden | wendet | wende/wende | wendete/wandte | wendete | hat gewendet/gewandt | to turn; to avert | When it means “to make a u-turn”; the weak forms are used. |
werden | wird | werde | wurde | würde | ist geworden | will; to be done; to become | 1st person singular present: werde; 2nd person singular present: wirst. |
Other verbs[edit | edit source]
infinitive | 3rd person singular present | singular imperative | 3rd person singular simple past | 3rd person singular subjunctive ii | auxiliary verb + past participle | main English meanings | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dürfen | darf | - | durfte | dürfte | hat gedurft | to be allowed; may | |
können | kann | - | konnte | könnte | hat gekonnt | to be able; can; to be allowed; to know how to | |
mögen | mag | - | mochte | möchte | hat gemocht | to like; to want to go; may; to be hesitant to; to want to | |
müssen | muss | - | musste | müsste | hat gemusst | to have to; must | |
sollen | soll | - | sollte | sollte | hat gesollt/sollen | should; to be obligated (to do something); to be recommended (to do something); to intend (to do something); to be said (to do something) | |
wissen | weiß/weiss | - | wusste | wüsste | hat gewusst | to know; to remember | The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. |
wollen | will | - | wollte | wollte | hat gewollt | to want |
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Basic Phrases in German
- People in German
- Airport
- Animal Sounds
- Greetings
- Maps
- Time
- Food
- Numbers
- Family