Language/Bashkir/Grammar/Adverbs

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Bashkir → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adverbs

Bashkir adverbs are words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. They provide additional information about how or when an action is performed. In this lesson, you will learn about Bashkir adverbs, their position in a sentence, and how to use them correctly.

Basics of Adverbs

Adverbs in Bashkir, like in many languages, can be formed by adding the suffix "-һыҙ" ("-hyz") to an adjective. For instance, "кеше" (käşe) means "early", and "кешеһыҙ" (käşehyz) means "early-ly", or "soon". Similarly, "юл" (yul) means "long", and "юлһыҙ" (yulhyz) means "lengthily". Other adverbs can be formed by adding different suffixes or by using completely different words.

Here are some common adverbs in Bashkir:

[бын] (bın) - now, currently
[һәмән] (hämän) - always
[үҙəк] (üźək) - only, solely
[икенче] (ikençe) - twice
[ытыҡсы] (ıtıqsy) - much
[ыйынлы] (ıyınlı) - together
[калай] (kalay) - soon
[куш] (kuş) - far, distant

Note that some adverbs can also function as adjectives, depending on their position in a sentence. For example, "калай" (kalay) can mean "soon" when used as an adverb, but it can also mean "quick" when used as an adjective.

Position of Adverbs

In Bashkir, adverbs are usually placed after the verb they modify. For example:

[Мин һаҡимнәр икең-ди белән юрәмəн] (Min haqimnär ikeñ-di belän yurämen) - "I always walk with my dogs"

Here, "һаҡимнәр" (haqimnär) means "my dogs", and "екең" (ekeñ) means "I walk". "Белән" (belän) means "with" and "һәмән" (hämän) is used as the adverb "always". Note how the adverb appears after the verb.

If an adverb is used to modify an adjective, it usually comes before the adjective. For example:

[Ул бәләкәти ялған бер гөнсәл ялған дөрес бөтә.] (Ul bäläkäti yalğan ber gönsäl yalğan döres böte.) - "He found a completely clean room"

Here, "бәләкәт" (bäläkät) means "room", "ялған" (yalğan) means "clean", and "гөнсәл" (gönsäl) means "completely". Note how the adverb appears before the adjective.

Comparison of Adverbs

Like adjectives, some adverbs in Bashkir can be compared, indicating a higher or lower degree of intensity. There are two ways of doing so: the comparative and the superlative forms.

The comparative form is used to compare two actions or objects. In Bashkir, the comparative form of the adverb is usually formed by adding the suffix "-ар", "-ер" or "-р" ("-ar", "-er" or "-r") at the end of the adverb. For example:

[Үҙəктән күрә ыйынлыйыр.] (Üźəktän küre ıyınlıyır.) - "We are together more often than usual."

Here, "үҙəк" (üźək) means "only", and "ийын" (ıyın) means "together". The comparative form of "ийын" (iyın) is "ийынлыҡ" (iyınlıq), with the suffix "-лыҡ" ("-lyq") indicating a comparison.

The superlative form, on the other hand, indicates the highest degree of something. In Bashkir, the superlative form of the adverb is usually formed by adding the suffix "-тан" ("-tan") at the end of the adverb. For example:

[Аҫҡа булырға һыуылыҡ кеткән.] (Açqa bulırğa hyuylyq ketkän.) - "She ran as fast as possible."

Here, "аҫҡа" (açqa) means "fast" and "һыуылыҡ" (hyuylyq) means "as much as possible". The superlative form of "һыуылыҡ" (hyuylyq) is "һыуылыҡтан" (hyuylyqtan), with the suffix "-тан" ("-tan") indicating the highest degree.

Types of Adverbs

Adverbs in Bashkir can be classified into several types according to their function. Here are some of the most common types:

Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of time indicate when an action is performed. In Bashkir, adverbs of time usually appear at the end of a sentence. Here are some examples:

[Бын кеше мәктәпкә түгел.] (Bın käşe mäktepke tügel.) - "I arrived at school early today."
[Мин имаратты таңның тосса мына ҡажыдан ярысып түгән булдым.] (Min imaratty tañnyñ tossa mına qačıdan yarasyp tügen buldım.) - "I was chased by a dog when I was walking in the morning."

In the first example, "кеше" (käşe) means "early", and it is used to describe the time of arrival. In the second example, "таңның" (tañnyñ) means "morning", and it is used to indicate the time when the action was performed.

Adverbs of Place

Adverbs of place indicate where an action is performed. In Bashkir, adverbs of place are usually formed by adding the suffix "-да" ("-da") or "-дән" ("-dän") at the end of a noun. Here are some examples:

[Ул һич дә спортзалда терезәсе үтә.] (Ul hič dän sportzalda terezäsä ütä.) - "He never works out in the gym."
[Мин бәйләрдә юлтырмыйм.] (Min bäylärdän yultırmaym.) - "I don't walk in the parks."

In the first example, "спортзал" (sportzal) means "gym", and it is used to indicate the place where the action is performed. In the second example, "бәйләр" (bäylär) means "parks", and it is used to indicate the place where the action is not performed.

Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner indicate how an action is performed. In Bashkir, adverbs of manner are usually formed by using the stem of an adjective or by adding the suffix "-һыҙ" ("-hyz") to it. Here are some examples:

[Мин фильмны үҙəк үреп тормыйм.] (Min fil'mnı üźək ürep tormaym.) - "I always cry while watching a movie."
[Ул һәмән ымыртҡән бөтер.] (Ul hämän ymırtqän böter.) - "He always speaks loudly."

In the first example, "үҙəк" (üźək) means "only", and it modifies the verb "үреп" (ürep) which means "watch". In the second example, "ымыртҡән" (ymırtqän) means "loudly", and it modifies the verb "бөтер" (böter) which means "speak".

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency indicate how often an action is performed. In Bashkir, adverbs of frequency are usually formed by adding the suffix "-р" ("-r") to a numeral. Here are some examples:

[Мин үк берерэктыннан күп ҡаралдым.] (Min ük bereräktınan küp qaraldım.) - "I saw this movie many times."
[Ул айда бер һеҙар бар.] (Ul ayda ber hезар бар.) - "He goes there once a month."

In the first example, "беререк" (bereräk) means "time" and it is used to indicate the frequency of watching the movie. In the second example, "һеҙар" (hezar) means "month" and it is used to indicate the frequency of going there.

Conclusion

In this lesson, you have learned about Bashkir adverbs and how to use them to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. You have learned about the basics of adverbs, the position of adverbs, the comparison of adverbs, and the types of adverbs. Use this knowledge to further improve your Bashkir writing and speaking skills. Practice using adverbs in different types of sentences and situations to master them.

Table of Contents - Bashkir Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verb To Be

Numbers and Time

Plurals and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Eating

Regular Verbs

Travel and Transportation

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Bashkir Customs and Traditions

Other Lessons

Sources

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