Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar/Present-Tense
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Introduction
Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 South Azerbaijani Course"! In this lesson, we will learn about the present tense in South Azerbaijani, which is an important verb tense used to talk about actions happening now or habits.
In South Azerbaijani, verbs are usually expressed in the present tense unless there is a need to express past or future events. The present tense is formed by attaching different suffixes to the present stem of the verb. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use the present tense properly.
Formation of the Present Tense
The present tense is formed by adding different suffixes to the present stem of the verb. The present stem is the verb without the infinitive ending "-maq". The suffixes depend on the person and the number of the subject, as well as the vowel harmony rules.
Here are the suffixes used in the present tense:
| Person and Number | Suffix |
|---|---|
| 1st person singular (I) | -am/-əm (-em/-ım with negative) |
| 2nd person singular (you) | -san/-əsən (-sən/-sın with negative) |
| 3rd person singular (he/she/it) | -dir/-dır (-dır/-dər with negative) |
| 1st person plural (we) | -ıq/-ik (-ik/-ük with negative) |
| 2nd person plural (you) | -sınız/-siz (-(i)niz/-siniz with negative) |
| 3rd person plural (they) | -lər/-lar (-lar/-lər with negative) |
Here are some examples of using the present tense:
- Men əvəz məktəbində oxuyuram. (I am studying at the exchange school.)
- Sən nə edirsin? (What are you doing?)
- Su qıza baxırsan? (Are you looking at that girl?)
- Biz Türkiyəyə gedirik. (We are going to Turkey.)
- Siz hara gedirsiniz? (Where are you going?)
- Onlar burada yaşayırlar. (They live here.)
Usage of the Present Tense
The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or habits. Here are some situations where you can use the present tense:
Present Actions
The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now.
- Men işdəyəm. (I am working.)
- Onlar burada otururlar. (They are sitting here.)
- Sən nə yeyirsin? (What are you eating?)
Habits or Repeated Actions
The present tense can also be used to describe habitual, repeated actions.
- Men hər gün idman edirəm. (I exercise every day.)
- Biz dərsdən sonra kafedə otururuq. (We sit at the cafe after class.)
- Siz hamamda banyo edirsiniz? (Do you take a bath at the bathhouse?)
Statements of Fact
The present tense can also be used to make general statements of fact that are always true.
- İnşaatda təhlükəsizlik qaydalarına əməl olunmalıdır. (Safety rules must be followed in the construction site.)
- İdman sağlamlığın əsas şərtidir. (Exercise is the main condition for health.)
- Dünya əhalisi elementar partikulları inkişaf etdirir. (The world population is developing elemental particles.)
Negative Present Tense
To form the negative present tense, "–ma/-mə" is added to the verb stem before the personal pronoun suffixes. Here are some examples:
- Men işləmirəm. (I am not working.)
- Siz bu idmanı edərsinizmi? (Do you do this exercise?) – Siz bu idmanı etməzsiz. (You do not do this exercise.)
- O kitabı oxumur. (He reads that book.) – O kitabı oxumuram. (He does not read that book.)
Questions in the Present Tense
To form questions in the present tense, you need to switch the order of the verb and the subject. Since South Azerbaijani uses the subject-object-verb word order, you need to start the question with the verb. Here are some examples:
- Men oxuyuram. (I am reading.) – Oxuyuramı? (Am I reading?)
- Siz evdəsiniz. (You are at home.) – Evdəsinizmi? (Are you at home?)
- Onlar bu məsələni həll edirlər. (They are solving this problem.) – Bu məsələni həll edirlərmi? (Are they solving this problem?)
Practice
Now that you know how to form and use the present tense in South Azerbaijani, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises for you to test your knowledge.
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present tense.
- Men məktəbdən sonra ____________.
- Sən hara ____________?
- Onlar hər gün ____________.
- Biz burada ____________.
- Siz hansı dil öyrənirsiniz?
- Onlar burada ____________.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences in negative.
- Men işləyirəm.
- Sən bu kitabı oxuyursan?
- O bu filmdə oynayır.
- Biz hər zaman kafedə qalırıq.
- Siz yadplanetada yaşayırsınız?
- Onlar heç vaxt çağırılmır.
Conclusion
Congratulations, you have completed the lesson on the present tense in South Azerbaijani! You have learned how to form and use the present tense to talk about actions happening now or habits, as well as how to make negative and question forms. Don't forget to practice what you have learned, and stay tuned for the next lesson on the past tense!
Other Lessons
- Past Tense
- Adjective Agreement
- 0 to A1 Course
- Conditional Mood
- Future Tense
- How to Use Be
- How to Use Have
- Personal Pronouns
- Comparatives and Superlatives
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