Language/Czech/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns

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Czech Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

As a Czech language teacher with 20 years of experience, I know that personal pronouns are a crucial part of any language. In this lesson, we will learn the Czech personal pronouns and how to use them in sentences.

Czech Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are used to replace a person or thing previously mentioned or easily identified. In Czech, personal pronouns can be different based on gender, number, and case.

Here is a table with the Czech personal pronouns:

Czech	Pronunciation	English
já	ya	I
ty	tee	you (singular)
on	own	he
ona	oh-na	she
ono	oh-no	it
my	mi	we
vy	vee	you (plural)
oni	oh-nee	they (masculine or mixed)
ony	oh-nee	they (feminine)

As you can see, Czech personal pronouns have different pronunciation and spelling changes based on their grammatical and functional roles. To understand how to use them, we need to discuss Czech cases.

Czech Cases

In Czech, cases are used to indicate the grammatical relationship between nouns, pronouns, and other words in a sentence. There are seven cases in Czech:

1. Nominative - used for the subject of a sentence 2. Genitive - used to indicate possession or relation 3. Dative - used for an indirect object 4. Accusative - used for the direct object 5. Vocative - used for addressing someone directly 6. Locative - used to indicate location or place 7. Instrumental - used to indicate means or instrument

For this lesson, we will focus on the first four cases, as they are the most commonly used cases with personal pronouns.

Here is a table with the personal pronouns in the first four cases:

Czech	Pronunciation	English
já	ya	I	můj	moo-ee	my
ty	tee	you (singular)	tvůj	tvoo-ee	your (singular)
on	own	he	jeho	yeho	his
ona	oh-na	she	její	yay-ee	her
ono	oh-no	it	jeho	yeho	its
my	mi	we	náš	nahsh	our
vy	vee	you (plural)	váš	vash	your (plural)
oni	oh-nee	they (masculine or mixed)	jejich	yay-eekh	their
ony	oh-nee	they (feminine)	jejich	yay-eekh	their

As you can see, each personal pronoun has a genitive, dative, and accusative form. For example, "ty" changes to "tvůj" in the genitive case to indicate possession, and "tobě" in the dative case to indicate an indirect object. By memorizing these changes, you can use personal pronouns correctly in sentences.

Example sentences

Here are some example sentences using personal pronouns:

Já jsem student. (I am a student.)
Ty máš hezký dům. (You have a nice house.)
On má rád hory. (He likes mountains.)
Ona má kočku. (She has a cat.)
Ono je modré. (It is blue.)
My jsme rodina. (We are a family.)
Vy máte velkou firmu. (You have a big company.)
Oni čtou knihu. (They are reading a book.)
Ony hrají tenis. (They (feminine) are playing tennis.)

As you can see, personal pronouns are used in different subjects, objects, and possessive forms. By learning their use and forms, you can construct various sentences and express your ideas effectively.

Practice

To practice using Czech personal pronouns, I recommend the following exercises:

1. Fill in the blank: _______ jste dobří studenti. (You (plural) are good students.) 2. Translate the sentence: They (masculine or mixed) have a car. 3. Change the sentence to the accusative case: Já vidím dům. (I see a house.) 4. Identify the case and gender of the pronoun: tyto květiny (these flowers) 5. Write a sentence introducing yourself: _________________

There are plenty of resources and online exercises available to practice using Czech personal pronouns. By practicing and consistently using them, you can master this essential concept in Czech grammar.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned the Czech personal pronouns and their use in sentences. By memorizing their forms and practicing their use, you can become proficient in Czech and express your ideas clearly. Keep practicing and learning, and you'll be on your way to fluency in no time!

Sources

Table of Contents - Czech Course - 0 to A1

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Nouns and Pronouns

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