Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Accusative-Case
Հայերէն
Български език
官话
官話
Hrvatski jezik
Český jazyk
Nederlands
English
Suomen kieli
Français
Deutsch
עברית
हिन्दी
Magyar
Bahasa Indonesia
فارسی
Italiano
日本語
한국어
Lietuvių kalba
Νέα Ελληνικά
Şimali Azərbaycanlılar
Język polski
Português
Limba Română
Русский язык
Српски
Español
العربية القياسية
Svenska
Wikang Tagalog
தமிழ்
ภาษาไทย
Türkçe
Українська мова
Urdu
Tiếng Việt
As a Kazakh language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I believe that understanding the Kazakh cases is crucial for anyone who wishes to speak Kazakh fluently. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of the Kazakh accusative case, including its formation and usage, and how it relates to the nominative case.
What is the Accusative Case?
The accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence. In simpler terms, it shows what the subject is acting upon. In Kazakh, the accusative is used when the direct object of the sentence is definite, meaning that it is a specific, known noun.
Formation
To form the accusative case, the following changes can be made:
1. Change the ending to -ді/-ды: - If a noun ends in a vowel, add -ды:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| қала (city) | /qɑ.lɑ dɯ/ | city (accusative) |
| ұстаз (teacher) | /u.stɑz dɯ/ | teacher (accusative) |
- If a noun ends in a consonant, add -ды:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| кітап (book) | /kɯtɑp dɯ/ | book (accusative) |
| орын (place) | /o.rən dɯ/ | place (accusative) |
2. If the noun has a second syllable with a "back" vowel (a, ɔ, or ʊ), add an apostrophe before the ending:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ауыл (village) | /ɑ.wəl' dɯ/ | village (accusative) |
| бақша (garden) | /bɑq.ʃɑ' dɯ/ | garden (accusative) |
Usage
The accusative case is used in the following situations:
1. Direct objects: When the subject of the sentence is acting upon a specific noun. For example:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Мен қалаға бардым. | /men qɑ.lɑ'ɣɑ bɑr'dɯm/ | I went to the city. |
| Оқушылар кітапты оқыды. | /o.qʊʃɯ.lɑr kɯ.tɑp'tɯ o.qɯ'dɯ/ | The students read the book. |
2. "Negative accusative": When a negative action is performed on a noun. In these cases, the nominative case is used instead of the accusative. For example:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Мен қалаға бармақшысын. | /men qɑ.lɑ'ɣɑ bɑr.mɑq'ʃɯsɯn/ | I don't have a ticket to the city. |
| Оқушылар кітапты оқымайды. | /o.qʊʃɯ.lɑr kɯ.tɑp'tɯ o.qɯ.mɑj'dɯ/ | The students are not reading the book. |
Accusative vs Nominative
To understand the accusative case better, it is important to compare it to the nominative case. The nominative is used when the noun is the subject of the sentence, while the accusative is used when it is the direct object.
| Kazakh | English |
|---|---|
| Асыл таңдай жүр. | Asyl is running. |
| Асыл машинаға жүр. | Asyl is walking to the car. |
| Асыл мені табысқа шақырды. | Asyl called me to the concert. |
In the first sentence, "Asyl" is the subject, so the nominative case is used. In the second sentence, "car" is the direct object, so the accusative case is used. Finally, in the third sentence, "me" is the direct object, so the accusative case is used again.
Conclusion
The accusative case is an important part of Kazakh grammar that is essential for those who wish to communicate in Kazakh effectively. In this lesson, we have covered the formation and usage of the accusative case, as well as its relation to the nominative case. With practice, you will soon be able to use the accusative case effortlessly in your Kazakh conversations.
Sources