Language/Urdu/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns
In this lesson, we will focus on the basics of Urdu nouns and pronouns. Nouns are words used to name people, places, things, or ideas. Pronouns, on the other hand, are used in place of a noun to avoid repetition or to make sentences less cumbersome.
Let's start by discussing the different types of nouns used in Urdu.
Types of Nouns
Urdu nouns are categorized into two types:
1. Common Nouns
Common nouns are words used to name general people, places, or things. These are not specific and are usually not capitalized. Examples of common nouns in Urdu include:
- شہر (shehr) - city
- کتاب (kitab) - book
- بستر (bistar) - bed
2. Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are words used to name specific people, places, or things. These are always capitalized in Urdu. Examples of proper nouns in Urdu include:
- دلہن (dulhan) - bride
- پاکستان (Pakistan) - Pakistan (country)
- طاہرہ (Tahira) - Tahira (name)
Types of Pronouns
Pronouns in Urdu can be divided into the following types:
1. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are used to replace people or things when their names are already given or understood. In Urdu, personal pronouns change according to their use in a sentence. Examples of personal pronouns in Urdu include:
- میں (main) - I
- تم (tum) - you (singular informal)
- آپ (aap) - you (singular or plural formal)
- وہ (woh) - he/she/it
2. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns show ownership or possession. In Urdu, possessive pronouns are often used with the verb ہے ( hai) to indicate possession. Examples of possessive pronouns in Urdu include:
- میرا (mera) - my
- تمہارا (tumhara) - your
- اس کا (uska) - his/hers/its
3. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate something specific or near something that has been mentioned before. In Urdu, demonstrative pronouns are:
- یہ (yeh) - this/these
- وہ (woh) - that/those
Examples
Let's take a look at some examples of nouns and pronouns used in Urdu sentences:
| Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| یہ کتاب میری ہے۔ | yeh kitab meri hai. | This book is mine. |
| وہ شہر پاکستان میں واقع ہے۔ | woh shehr Pakistan mein waqea hai. | That city is located in Pakistan. |
| تم کتاب کہاں رکھوگے؟ | tum kitab kahan rakhoge? | Where will you keep the book? |
| میں آپ کو پہچانتا ہوں۔ | main aap ko pehchantaa hoon. | I recognize you (formal). |
Practice using these nouns and pronouns in sentences to become more comfortable with them.
Tips
Here are some tips to remember as you begin learning Urdu nouns and pronouns:
- Always capitalize proper nouns in Urdu.
- Remember that personal pronouns change depending on their use in a sentence.
- Use demonstrative pronouns to specifically indicate what you are referring to.
- Practice using nouns and pronouns in sentences to become more comfortable with them.
Now that you have a better understanding of Urdu nouns and pronouns, it's time to move on to the next lesson.
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