Language/French/Grammar/Formation-and-Use-of-Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. In French, adverbs can be formed in multiple ways and serve different purposes.
Formation of Adverbs
Adverbs can be formed by adding specific endings to adjectives. Here are some of the most common endings used to form adverbs:
- "-ment": This ending is added to the feminine form of the adjective, minus the final "-e". For example:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
rapide | ra.pid | fast |
rapidement | ra.pi.da.mɑ̃ | quickly |
- "-ément": This ending is added to adjectives ending in "-ent". For example:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
fréquent | fre.kɑ̃ | frequent |
fréquemment | fre.ke.mɑ̃ | frequently |
- "-emment": This ending is added to adjectives ending in "-ant". For example:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
constant | kɔ̃.stɑ̃ | constant |
constamment | kɔ̃.stɑ̃.tə.mɑ̃ | constantly |
Use of Adverbs
Adverbs can be used to indicate the intensity, frequency, time or manner of an action or an event. Here are some common types of adverbs and their usage:
Adverbs of Intensity
These adverbs indicate the degree or intensity of an action or an event. Some of the most common adverbs of intensity end in "-ment":
- très (very)
- moins (less)
- plus (more)
- assez (enough)
- bien (well)
For example:
- Il parle très vite. (He speaks very fast.)
- Nous sommes moins fatigués aujourd'hui. (We are less tired today.)
- Elle travaille plus lentement que moi. (She works more slowly than me.)
Adverbs of Frequency
These adverbs indicate how often an action or an event occurs. Some of the most common adverbs of frequency are:
- toujours (always)
- souvent (often)
- rarement (rarely)
- jamais (never)
For example:
- Nous voyageons souvent en France. (We often travel to France.)
- Je ne mange jamais de viande rouge. (I never eat red meat.)
Adverbs of Time
These adverbs indicate the time or the duration of an action or an event. Some of the most common adverbs of time are:
- maintenant (now)
- hier (yesterday)
- aujourd'hui (today)
- demain (tomorrow)
For example:
- Elle viendra demain matin. (She will come tomorrow morning.)
- Nous avons visité le Louvre hier. (We visited the Louvre yesterday.)
Adverbs of Manner
These adverbs indicate the way or the manner in which an action or an event occurs. Some of the most common adverbs of manner are:
- lentement (slowly)
- rapidement (quickly)
- soigneusement (carefully)
- facilement (easily)
For example:
- Il conduit lentement sur cette route. (He drives slowly on this road.)
- Elle a fini son travail rapidement ce matin. (She finished her work quickly this morning.)
Practice
- Form adverbs from the following adjectives using the appropriate adverb endings provided in the table:
- grand (ment)
- poli (ment)
- constant (emment)
- prudent (ment)
French | Pronunciation | English | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
grand | grɑ̃ | big | grandement | grɑ̃.də.mɑ̃ | greatly |
poli | pɔ.li | polite | poliment | pɔ.li.mɑ̃ | politely |
constant | kɔ̃.stɑ̃ | constant | constamment | kɔ̃.stɑ̃.tə.mɑ̃ | constantly |
prudent | pʁy.dɑ̃ | cautious | prudemment | pʁy.də.mɑ̃ | cautiously |
- Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the use of adverbs:
- Ils parlent couramment espagnol.
- Je lis souvent avant de dormir.
- Elle chante très bien.
- Nous allons bientôt partir en vacances.
Sources