Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Basic-Verb-Conjugation

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Turkmen → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Verb Conjugation

Welcome to the exciting journey of learning Turkmen! In this lesson, we will focus on basic verb conjugation in the present tense. Understanding how to conjugate verbs is crucial because it allows you to express actions and states of being in a clear and concise manner. As you embark on this learning experience, you'll see how verbs are the backbone of sentences, making them lively and informative.

In Turkmen, verbs change according to the subject of the sentence, which means that conjugation is essential for clarity. This lesson is structured to guide you through the conjugation of regular verbs, ensuring you have a solid foundation to build upon as you progress in your language skills.

We will cover the following topics:

• Overview of verb conjugation

• Conjugation patterns for regular verbs

• Examples of conjugated verbs

• Practice exercises to enhance your learning

So, without further ado, let's dive into the world of Turkmen verbs!

Overview of Verb Conjugation

In Turkmen, verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun. This means that the form of the verb changes depending on who is performing the action. For example, the verb “to go” will look different when saying “I go” versus “he goes.”

The basic structure of a Turkmen verb in the present tense involves:

• The verb root

• A suffix that corresponds to the subject pronoun

For instance, the verb "bar" (to go) is conjugated as follows:

• Men barýaryn (I go)

• Sen barýarsyň (You go)

• Ol barýar (He/She/It goes)

This pattern will become clearer as we explore regular verbs.

Conjugation Patterns for Regular Verbs

Regular verbs in Turkmen follow predictable patterns when conjugated. The conjugation process generally includes the following steps:

1. Identify the verb root.

2. Add the appropriate suffix based on the subject pronoun.

Here is a quick reference for personal pronouns in Turkmen:

• Men (I)

• Sen (You - singular)

• Ol (He/She/It)

• Biz (We)

• Siz (You - plural/formal)

• Ol (They)

Now let’s examine how to conjugate some common regular verbs in the present tense.

Example Conjugations

Here are some examples of regular verb conjugations:

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
barýaryn	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯn	I go
barýarsyň	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ	You go (singular)
barýar	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr	He/She/It goes
barýarys	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯs	We go
barýarsyňyz	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You go (plural/formal)
barýarlar	bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.lɑr	They go

Now let’s take a look at another common verb: "okamak" (to read).

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
okýaryn	o.kʲɑːˈrɯn	I read
okýarsyň	o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ	You read (singular)
okýar	o.kʲɑːr	He/She/It reads
okýarys	o.kʲɑːr.ɯs	We read
okýarsyňyz	o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You read (plural/formal)
okýarlar	o.kʲɯˈlɑr	They read

You will notice that the verb endings change with the subject pronouns, providing clarity in communication.

More Examples of Regular Verb Conjugation

Let’s look at more examples to solidify your understanding of regular verb conjugation in Turkmen:

1. Eat (eýmek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
iýýärin	iːˈjɛː.rɪn	I eat
iýýärsiň	iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ	You eat (singular)
iýýär	iːˈjɛːr	He/She/It eats
iýýäris	iːˈjɛːr.ɯs	We eat
iýýärsiňiz	iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You eat (plural/formal)
iýýärler	iːˈjɛːl.lə.r	They eat

2. To work (işlemek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
işleýärin	iʃ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn	I work
işleýärsiň	iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ	You work (singular)
işleýär	iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr	He/She/It works
işleýäris	iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs	We work
işleýärsiňiz	iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You work (plural/formal)
işleýärler	iʃ.lɛˈlɛr	They work

3. To play (oýnamak)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
oýnaýaryn	oʊˈnɑː.jɑ.rɯn	I play
oýnaýarsyň	oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ	You play (singular)
oýnaýar	oʊˈnɑː.jɑr	He/She/It plays
oýnaýarys	oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.ɯs	We play
oýnaýarsyňyz	oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You play (plural/formal)
oýnaýarlar	oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.lɑr	They play

4. To learn (öwrenmek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
öwrenýärin	øʊˈrɛn.jɛː.rɪn	I learn
öwrenýärsiň	øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ	You learn (singular)
öwrenýär	øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr	He/She/It learns
öwrenýäris	øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.ɯs	We learn
öwrenýärsiňiz	øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You learn (plural/formal)
öwrenýärler	øʊˈrɛn.læʊr	They learn

5. To listen (diňlemek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
diňleýärin	dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn	I listen
diňleýärsiň	dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ	You listen (singular)
diňleýär	dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr	He/She/It listens
diňleýäris	dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs	We listen
diňleýärsiňiz	dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You listen (plural/formal)
diňleýärler	dɪŋ.lɛˈlɛr	They listen

6. To travel (syýahat etmek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
syýahat edýärin	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯrɪn	I travel
syýahat edýärsiň	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ	You travel (singular)
syýahat edýär	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯ	He/She/It travels
syýahat edýäris	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯs	We travel
syýahat edýärsiňiz	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ.ɯz	You travel (plural/formal)
syýahat edýärler	sɪˈjɑː.hæt.lɛr	They travel

7. To dance (ýerlemek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
ýerleýärin	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛrɪn	I dance
ýerleýärsiň	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ	You dance (singular)
ýerleýär	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr	He/She/It dances
ýerleýäris	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.ɯs	We dance
ýerleýärsiňiz	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You dance (plural/formal)
ýerleýärler	jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.lɛr	They dance

8. To buy (satyn almak)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
satyn alýaryn	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑ.rɯn	I buy
satyn alýarsyň	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ	You buy (singular)
satyn alýar	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr	He/She/It buys
satyn alýarys	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.ɯs	We buy
satyn alýarsyňyz	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You buy (plural/formal)
satyn alýarlar	sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.lɑr	They buy

9. To meet (deşmek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
deşýärin	dɛʃˈjɛː.rɪn	I meet
deşýärsiň	dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ	You meet (singular)
deşýär	dɛʃˈjɛːr	He/She/It meets
deşýäris	dɛʃˈjɛːr.ɯs	We meet
deşýärsiňiz	dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You meet (plural/formal)
deşýärler	dɛʃˈjɛːl.lɛr	They meet

10. To laugh (gülmek)

Turkmen	Pronunciation	English
gülýärin	gʏlˈjɛː.rɪn	I laugh
gülýärsiň	gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ	You laugh (singular)
gülýär	gʏlˈjɛːr	He/She/It laughs
gülýäris	gʏlˈjɛːr.ɯs	We laugh
gülýärsiňiz	gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz	You laugh (plural/formal)
gülýärler	gʏlˈjɛːl.lɛr	They laugh

Practice Exercises

Now that you have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "bar" (to go):

• Men ___ (to go)

• Sen ___ (to go)

• Ol ___ (to go)

• Biz ___ (to go)

• Siz ___ (to go)

• Ol ___ (to go)

Answers:

• Men barýaryn

• Sen barýarsyň

• Ol barýar

• Biz barýarys

• Siz barýarsyňyz

• Ol barýarlar

2. Translate the following sentences into Turkmen:

• I read.

• You work (singular).

• They eat.

• We dance.

Answers:

• Men okýaryn.

• Sen işleýärsiň.

• Ol iýýärler.

• Biz ýerleýäris.

3. Conjugate the verb "syýahat etmek" (to travel) for all subject pronouns:

Answers:

• Men syýahat edýärin

• Sen syýahat edýärsiň

• Ol syýahat edýär

• Biz syýahat edýäris

• Siz syýahat edýärsiňiz

• Ol syýahat edýärler

4. Choose the correct form of the verb "okamak" (to read) to complete the sentences:

• Men ___ (to read) kitap.

• Siz ___ (to read) gazet.

• Biz ___ (to read) makala.

Answers:

• Men okýaryn kitap.

• Siz okýarsyňyz gazet.

• Biz okýarys makala.

5. Create sentences using the verbs "işlemek" (to work) and "gülmek" (to laugh) in the present tense for each subject pronoun.

Answers:

• Men işleýärin.

• Sen işleýärsiň.

• Ol işleýär.

• Biz işleýäris.

• Siz işleýärsiňiz.

• Ol işleýärler.

• Men gülýärin.

• Sen gülýärsiň.

• Ol gülýär.

• Biz gülýäris.

• Siz gülýärsiňiz.

• Ol gülýärler.

6. Match the verbs to their English translations:

• 1. oýnamak

• 2. diňlemek

• 3. öwrenmek

• 4. satyn almak

Answers:

• 1 = To play

• 2 = To listen

• 3 = To learn

• 4 = To buy

7. Conjugate the verb "gülmek" (to laugh) for all subject pronouns:

Answers:

• Men gülýärin

• Sen gülýärsiň

• Ol gülýär

• Biz gülýäris

• Siz gülýärsiňiz

• Ol gülýärler

8. Write a short paragraph introducing yourself using at least three verbs in the present tense.

Example Answer:

• Men Ismail. Men okýaryn, işleýärin, we gülýärin.

9. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "eşitmek" (to listen):

• Men ___ nice.

• Sen ___ nice.

• Ol ___ nice.

Answers:

• Men eşitýärin

• Sen eşitýärsiň

• Ol eşitýär

10. Translate the following Turkmen sentences into English:

• Men okýaryn.

• Siz gülýärsiňiz.

• Ol işleýär.

Answers:

• I read.

• You laugh (plural/formal).

• He/She/It works.

As you practice conjugating verbs, remember that repetition is key to mastery. The more you use these verbs in context, the more natural they will become.

By the end of this lesson, you should have a clearer understanding of how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing, and you'll be well on your way to confidently using Turkmen in your conversations!

Table of Contents - Turkmen Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verb Conjugation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-10
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Adjectives

• Noun Gender and Plurals
• Adjective Agreement

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Turkmen Customs and Traditions

• Greetings and Etiquette
• Turkmen Holidays

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Ordering in a Restaurant

  ---

Asking Questions

• Question Words
• Forming Questions

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Directions and Locations

  ---

Geography and Landmarks

• Regions of Turkmenistan
• Famous Landmarks

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Common Prepositions
• Using Conjunctions

  ---

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Describing Leisure Activities

  ---

Turkmen Art and Literature

• Traditional Art Forms
• Famous Turkmen Writers

Sources

• Turkmen grammar - Wikipedia
• Turkmen Language Grammar Guide

Other Lessons

• Question words
• 0 to A1 Course
• Adverbs
• Conditional Mood
• Forming Questions
• Common Prepositions
• Question Words
• The Subjunctive Mood
• Adjective Agreement

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