Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Verbs-and-Tenses

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Sindhi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses

Welcome to today’s lesson on Sindhi Verbs and Tenses! Understanding verbs and their tenses is crucial for constructing meaningful sentences in any language, including Sindhi. Verbs are the action words in our sentences, and mastering them allows you to express actions, states, and occurrences clearly.

In this lesson, we will explore the structure of Sindhi verbs, how to conjugate them in different tenses, and how to apply this knowledge in everyday conversations. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in realizing how verbs function in Sindhi grammar.

Here’s what we’ll cover:

• Introduction to Sindhi Verbs

• Types of Verbs

• Tenses in Sindhi

• Present Tense

• Past Tense

• Future Tense

• Examples of Verbs in Sentences

• Exercises for Practice

Introduction to Sindhi Verbs

Sindhi verbs are integral to forming sentences and expressing actions. In Sindhi, verbs can change form based on the subject, tense, and mood. This flexibility allows for a rich expression of ideas and emotions.

Verbs in Sindhi can be classified into two main categories:

• Transitive Verbs: These require a direct object to complete their meaning.

• Intransitive Verbs: These do not require a direct object.

Let’s dive deeper into the types of verbs before we explore the tenses.

Types of Verbs

Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs are actions that are performed on someone or something. For example, if you say "He eats an apple," "eats" is a transitive verb because it requires an object (the apple).

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
کائڻ	kā'īṇ	to eat
لکڻ	likhṇ	to write
پلوڻ	palūṇ	to play
ڏسڻ	diśaṇ	to see

Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs express actions that do not require a direct object. For example, "He sleeps" uses "sleeps" as an intransitive verb.

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
سُڻڻ	suṇṇ	to sleep
هلڻ	halaṇ	to walk
پئجي وڃڻ	paī̃jī vaṇhṇ	to arrive
روئڻ	ro'ṇ	to cry

Tenses in Sindhi

Now that we have a grasp of the types of verbs, let's discuss the three main tenses in the Sindhi language: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense conveys different times of action and is vital for effective communication.

Present Tense

The present tense indicates actions that are currently happening or habitual actions.

Structure: Subject + Verb in Present Form

Here are some common verbs in the present tense:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
مان کائيندو آھيان	māṁ kā'īndo āhiyān	I eat
تون پڙهيندو آھين	tū parhīndo āhiṇ	You read
هو هلندو آحي	ho halaṇdo āhi	He walks
اسان ڏسندا آھيون	asān diśandā āhiyōn	We see

Past Tense

The past tense is used to express actions that have already occurred.

Structure: Subject + Verb in Past Form

Here are some examples:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
مان کائو	māṁ kā'ō	I ate
تون پڙهيو	tū parhiyō	You read (past)
هو هلندو هو	ho halaṇdo hō	He walked
اسان ڏٺو	asān diṭhō	We saw

Future Tense

The future tense describes actions that are yet to happen.

Structure: Subject + Verb in Future Form

Here are examples in the future tense:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
مان کائيندس	māṁ kā'īndas	I will eat
تون پڙهندينس	tū parhīndīns	You will read
هو هلندو	ho halaṇdo	He will walk
اسان ڏسنداسين	asān diśandāsiṇ	We will see

Examples of Verbs in Sentences

To better understand how these verbs work in context, here are complete sentences using the verbs we discussed along with their translations:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
مان کائيندو آھيان.	māṁ kā'īndo āhiyān.	I eat.
تون پڙهيندو آھين.	tū parhīndo āhiṇ.	You read.
هو هلندو آحي.	ho halaṇdo āhi.	He walks.
اسان ڏسندا آھيون.	asān diśandā āhiyōn.	We see.
مان کائو.	māṁ kā'ō.	I ate.
تون پڙهيو.	tū parhiyō.	You read (past).
هو هلندو هو.	ho halaṇdo hō.	He walked.
اسان ڏٺو.	asān diṭhō.	We saw.
مان کائيندس.	māṁ kā'īndas.	I will eat.
تون پڙهندينس.	tū parhīndīns.	You will read.
هو هلندو.	ho halaṇdo.	He will walk.
اسان ڏسنداسين.	asān diśandāsiṇ.	We will see.

Exercises for Practice

Now that we've covered the basics, it's time for you to practice! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of Sindhi verbs and tenses.

1. Translate the following sentences into Sindhi:

• I play.

• You wrote.

• He will arrive.

Solutions:

• مان پلوڻ آهيان. (māṁ palūṇ āhiyān.)

• تون لکيو. (tū likhiyō.)

• هو پئجي ويندو. (ho paī̃jī viṇḍō.)

2. Change the following sentences from present to past tense:

• مان کائيندو آھيان.

• تون پڙهيندو آھين.

Solutions:

• مان کائو. (māṁ kā'ō.)

• تون پڙهيو. (tū parhiyō.)

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:

• مان _____ (کائڻ) صبح جو. (I eat in the morning.)

• اسان _____ (ڏسڻ) هڪ فلم. (We watched a movie.)

Solutions:

• مان کائيندو آھيان. (māṁ kā'īndo āhiyān.)

• اسان ڏٺو. (asān diṭhō.)

4. Convert the following sentences into future tense:

• مان لکڻ.

• تون هلڻ.

Solutions:

• مان لکندس. (māṁ likandās.)

• تون هلندينس. (tū halaṇdīns.)

5. Identify whether the following verbs are transitive or intransitive:

• کائڻ

• هلڻ

Solutions:

• کائڻ: Transitive

• هلڻ: Intransitive

6. Create a sentence using the verb 'لکڻ' in present tense.

Sample Solution:

• مان لکندو آھيان. (māṁ likhindo āhiyān.) - I write.

7. Translate the following Sindhi sentences into English:

• اسان ڏسندا آھيون.

• هو هلندو.

Solutions:

• We see.

• He will walk.

8. Conjugate the verb 'پڙهڻ' in all three tenses for the subject 'تون'.

Solutions:

• Present: تون پڙهيندو آھين. (tū parhīndo āhiṇ.)

• Past: تون پڙهيو. (tū parhiyō.)

• Future: تون پڙهندينس. (tū parhīndīns.)

9. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence:

• هو _____ (کائڻ) آھيو. (He is eating.)

Solutions:

• هو کائيندو آھيو. (ho kā'īndo āhiyō.)

10. Write five sentences using different verbs in the past tense.

Sample Solutions:

• مان لکيو. (māṁ likhiyō.) - I wrote.

• تون پلوڻ. (tū palūṇ.) - You played.

• هو ڏٺو. (ho diṭhō.) - He saw.

• اسان کائو. (asān kā'ō.) - We ate.

• انهن هلنديون. (unhan halaṇdīun.) - They walked.

Congratulations on completing this lesson! You are now equipped with the knowledge to use verbs effectively in Sindhi. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these verbs in your conversations. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Sindhi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Sindhi Script

• Sindhi Alphabet
• Basic Consonants and Vowels

  ---

Everyday Vocabulary

• Greetings and Introductions
• Numbers and Counting
• Days of the Week and Months
• Colors and Shapes
• Food and Beverages

  ---

Basic Grammar Concepts

• Nouns and Pronouns
• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Verbs and Tenses
• Prepositions and Conjunctions

  ---

Everyday Situations

• At Home
• At Work
• At School
• Shopping
• Travel and Transportation

  ---

More Grammar Concepts

• Question Formation
• Negation
• Imperatives
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Expressing Possession

  ---

Culture and Traditions

• Festivals and Celebrations
• Traditional Clothing
• Music and Dance
• Cuisine
• History and Landmarks

  ---

Advanced Grammar Concepts

• Conditional Sentences
• Passive Voice
• Subjunctive Mood
• Relative Clauses
• Reported Speech

Sources

• Past tense of ToBe - English Sindhi Grammar - SindhiTutorials
• Introduction - English Sindhi Grammar - SindhiTutorials
• Present tense of ToBe - English Sindhi Grammar - SindhiTutorials

Other Lessons

• Nouns and Pronouns
• Basic Consonants and Vowels
• How to Use Be
• Conditional Mood
• 0 to A1 Course
• Question Formation
• Pronouns
• Plurals
• Conditional Sentences
• Passive Voice

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