Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative

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Central Kurdish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparative and Superlative

Introduction

Comparative and superlative adjectives are used in Central Kurdish to compare and evaluate different objects, people, and situations. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives in Central Kurdish. This will help you expand your vocabulary and express more complex ideas in Kurdish.

Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: How to Use Have & How to Use Be.

Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare two objects, people, or situations. In Central Kurdish, comparative adjectives are formed by adding -تر (-tir) to the base adjective. Here are some examples:

Central Kurdish	Pronunciation	English
بەرزتر	bêrz-tir	bigger
کەمتر	ke-mtir	smaller
زۆرتر	zor-tir	more
کەمتر	ke-mtir	less

Note that some adjectives have irregular comparative forms. For example:

- نەتوانرتر (nêtê-wanr-tir) - worse - زۆربه‌رتر (zor-bar-tir) - better

Using Comparative Adjectives

To use comparative adjectives in a sentence, you can use the following structure:

[object 1] + [comparative adjective] + لە + [object 2]

For example:

- گورستان بەرزترە لە باغەکاندا. (Guristan bêrz-tir-e lê bağekan-da.) - The cemetery is bigger than the gardens. - پاوەکان گریبانە زۆرتر دەکات. (Pawekan gri-ban-e zor-tir de-kat.) - Cats meow more than dogs.

Superlative Adjectives

Superlative adjectives are used to describe the object, person, or situation that is at the highest or lowest end of a comparison. In Central Kurdish, superlative adjectives are formed by adding -ترین (-tirîn) to the base adjective. Here are some examples:

Central Kurdish	Pronunciation	English
بەرزترین	bêrz-tirîn	biggest
کەمترین	ke-mtirîn	smallest
زۆرترین	zor-tirîn	most
کەمترین	ke-mtirîn	least

Again, note that some adjectives have irregular superlative forms. For example:

- نەتوانرترین (nêtê-wanr-tirîn) - worst - زۆربه‌رترین (zor-bar-tirîn) - best

Using Superlative Adjectives

To use superlative adjectives in a sentence, you can use the following structure:

[object] + [superlative adjective] + ترین

For example:

- ئەو پاوەکەی بەرزترینە. (Ew pawek-e bêrz-tirîn-e.) - That cat is the biggest. - ئەو مێمەکە کەمترینە. (Ew mem-e-ke ke-mtirîn-e.) - That plant is the smallest.

Exceptions and Irregular Forms

As we have already mentioned, there are some adjectives in Central Kurdish that have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Here are some examples:

| Central Kurdish || Comparative || Superlative |- | گران || گرانتر || گرانترین | تۆر || تۆرتر || تۆرترین | به‌زی || بەزیتر || بەزیترین

Practice Exercises

Now that you have learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives, let's practice a bit!

Exercise 1

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given adjective in parentheses:

1. ئەو بەتەی بە …… میراوە. (بەرز) (ew bet-e-ya bê ….. mira-we. (bêrz))
2. ئەو کوڕەیە بە …… خۆشترە. (خوش) (ew kore-ye bê ….. xoş-tir-e. (xoş))
3. ئەو بۆرەیەی بە …… نرخی بەهۆی وەسلەی نیشتەجۆوەدا. (کچ) (ew bore-ye-ya bê ….. nerx-î behoy-ê wesle-ye nîştecedo-w-da. (kaç))
4. ئەو کتێبەیە بە …… زانیاری تێیدایە. (زۆر) (ew ketêb-e-ya bê ….. zanyar-î tiday-e. (zor))

Exercise 2

Translate the following sentences into Central Kurdish:

1. Cats are faster than dogs.
2. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
3. This car is less expensive than that one.
4. She is the tallest girl in her class.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives in Central Kurdish. Keep practicing and expanding your vocabulary, and you will continue to improve your language skills. In the next lesson, you will learn about travel and transportation in Central Kurdish-speaking regions.

Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: Give your Opinion & Forming Simple Sentences.

Table of Contents - Central Kurdish Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Basic Greetings

• Introduction to Greetings
• Polite Expressions

  ---

Pronouns and Nouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Ordinal Numbers

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Forming Simple Sentences
• Questions and Negations

  ---

Time and Dates

• Days of the Week
• Months and Seasons

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Food Items
• Dining and Ordering

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Comparative and Superlative

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Directions and Locations

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Common Prepositions
• Common Conjunctions

  ---

Housing and Accommodations

• Types of Housing
• Household Items

  ---

Central Kurdish Culture and Society

• Kurdish Traditions and Customs
• Kurdish Family and Social Structure

Other Lessons

• Common Conjunctions
• 0 to A1 Course
• Conditional Mood
• Gender
• How to Use Have
• Negation
• Questions and Negations
• Questions
• Pronouns
• Plurals

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◀️ Descriptive Adjectives — Previous Lesson

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