Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns
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Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to use possessive pronouns in Central Kurdish. Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership and possession. For example, "my book" or "his car". Understanding how to use possessive pronouns is an important step in learning the Central Kurdish language.
Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: How to Use Be & Gender.
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns refer to the person or thing that owns something. In Central Kurdish, there are two types of possessive pronouns: dependent and independent. Dependent possessive pronouns are used when the noun they modify is not mentioned explicitly, while independent possessive pronouns stand alone and do not require a noun to modify.
Dependent Possessive Pronouns
Dependent possessive pronouns in Central Kurdish agree in gender and number with the modified noun. The following table shows some examples:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| min / mina | míːn / míːna | my / mine |
| te / tea | te: / te:a | your / yours (singular) |
| wî / wîya | wi: / wi:ja | his |
| wê / wêya | we: / we:ja | her |
| em / ema | ém / éma | our / ours |
| hûn / hûna | hu:n / hu:na | your / yours (plural) |
| wan / wana | wa:n / wa:na | their / theirs |
Independent Possessive Pronouns
Independent possessive pronouns in Central Kurdish are formed by adding the suffix "-ysh" to the personal pronoun. They are not inflected for gender or number. The following table shows some examples:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| min ysh | míːn íʃ | mine |
| te ysh | te: íʃ | yours (singular) |
| wî ysh | wi: íʃ | his |
| wê ysh | we: íʃ | hers |
| em ysh | ém íʃ | ours |
| hûn ysh | hu:n íʃ | yours (plural) |
| wan ysh | wa:n íʃ | theirs |
Usage
Possessive pronouns in Central Kurdish are used to indicate ownership or possession of a noun. They are placed before the noun they modify. For example:
- min pirtûka min e. (This is my book.) - te serê te ye. (This is your head.) - wî min e. (He is mine.) - wê pîroz e. (She is beautiful.) - em evênên emın in. (These are our houses.) - hûn gundên xwe ditînin. (You have seen your villages.) - wan malên wan in. (Those are their houses.)
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Central Kurdish:
- This is her pen. - That is your (plural) car. - Those are their children. - His house is big. - These are our cats. - My father is in the garden. - Your (singular) phone is ringing.
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have learned how to use possessive pronouns in Central Kurdish. Make sure to practice using these pronouns regularly to improve your language skills. In the next lesson, we will learn about numbers and counting in Central Kurdish.
Congratulations on finishing this lesson! Explore these related pages to keep learning: Present Tense & Descriptive Adjectives.
Other Lessons
- Nouns
- Future Tense
- Present Tense
- Subject Pronouns
- Negation
- Comparative and Superlative
- Common Conjunctions
- Adjectives
- Plurals
- Past Tense
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