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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>
 
Welcome to the lesson on '''Comparatives and Superlatives''' in Dari! This topic is essential for anyone looking to express differences or similarities between objects, people, or concepts. Comparatives allow us to compare two items, while superlatives help us describe the highest degree of a quality among three or more items.
 
Understanding how to use these forms will not only enhance your speaking and writing skills but also allow you to communicate more effectively when describing things around you. In this lesson, we’ll explore the structure, formation, and usage of comparatives and superlatives in Dari.
 
We will break down the lesson into several sections:
 
* Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives
 
* Forming Comparatives
 
* Forming Superlatives
 
* Examples of Comparatives and Superlatives
 
* Exercises and Practice Scenarios
 
* Conclusion
 
Now, let’s dive into the world of Dari grammar!
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives ===
In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparatives and superlatives in the Dari language. Adjectives are an important part of any language, as they allow us to describe and compare things. By understanding how to form comparatives and superlatives in Dari, you will be able to express comparisons and describe things in a more precise way.  
 
In Dari, comparatives and superlatives are used to compare qualities and characteristics. These grammatical structures enable you to articulate differences between two things or highlight the most prominent quality among a group.  
 
Using comparatives and superlatives can enrich your conversation and writing, making it more engaging. Let’s take a closer look at how to form these structures.
 
=== Forming Comparatives ===
 
To create comparatives in Dari, you typically add the suffix '''-تر''' (-tar) to the adjective. This suffix indicates that one thing has a greater degree of a particular quality than another.


This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Dari Course" and is designed for complete beginners who are aiming to reach the A1 level. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives in Dari.
Here’s the general structure:


== What are Comparatives and Superlatives? ==
* '''Adjective + -تر''' (comparative form)
Before we delve into the specifics of comparatives and superlatives in Dari, let's first understand what they are. Comparatives are used to compare two things or people, while superlatives are used to describe the highest degree or quality of something or someone within a group.


For example, in English, we use comparatives when we say "She is taller than him" or "This book is more interesting than that one." Superlatives, on the other hand, are used when we say "He is the tallest person in the room" or "This is the most interesting book I've ever read."
For instance:


In Dari, we use specific forms of adjectives to express comparatives and superlatives. Let's explore how to form and use them in more detail.
* '''زیبا''' (zibā) - beautiful


=== Forming Comparatives ===
* '''زیباتر''' (zibātar) - more beautiful
To form comparatives in Dari, we usually add the suffix "-tar" to the adjective. However, there are some irregular forms that we will discuss later. Let's look at some examples:
 
Let’s look at some examples of comparatives:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| خوب || khub || good
|-
|-
| زرد (zard) || [zærd] || yellow
 
| بهتر || behtar || better
 
|-
 
| بلند || buland || tall
 
|-
 
| بلندتر || bulandtar || taller
 
|-
|-
| زردتر (zardtar) || [zærdtær] || yellower
 
| سریع || sari' || fast
 
|-
|-
| زردترین (zardtarin) || [zærdtærin] || yellowest
|}


In the above example, we start with the adjective "زرد" (zard), which means "yellow." To form the comparative, we add the suffix "-tar" to the adjective, resulting in "زردتر" (zardtar), which means "yellower." To form the superlative, we add the suffix "-tarin" to the adjective, resulting in "زردترین" (zardtarin), which means "yellowest."
| سریع‌تر || sari'tar || faster


It's important to note that when adding the suffix "-tar" or "-tarin," we may need to make some changes to the adjective. This is because Dari has vowel harmony, which means that certain vowels cannot appear together. For example, if the adjective ends in a short vowel, we need to change it to a long vowel before adding the suffix.
|-


Let's look at another example:
| بزرگ || bozorg || big


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| خوب (khub) || [xʊb] || good
 
| بزرگتر || bozorgtar || bigger
 
|-
|-
| خوبتر (khubtar) || [xʊbtær] || better
 
| کوچک || kuchak || small
 
|-
|-
| خوبترین (khubtarin) || [xʊbtærin] || best
 
| کوچکتر || kuchaktar || smaller
 
|}
|}


In this example, we start with the adjective "خوب" (khub), which means "good." To form the comparative, we add the suffix "-tar" to the adjective, resulting in "خوبتر" (khubtar), which means "better." To form the superlative, we add the suffix "-tarin" to the adjective, resulting in "خوبترین" (khubtarin), which means "best."
=== Forming Superlatives ===
 
Superlatives in Dari can be formed by adding the prefix '''بیشترین''' (bishtarin) or '''ترین''' (tarin) to the adjective. This signifies that something possesses the highest degree of a particular quality within a group.
 
For example:


=== Forming Superlatives ===
* '''بیشترین/ترین + Adjective''' (superlative form)
To form superlatives in Dari, we usually add the suffix "-tarin" to the adjective. However, just like with comparatives, there are some irregular forms. Let's look at some examples:
 
Here are a few examples of superlatives:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| خوب || khub || good
|-
|-
| عالی (ali) || [ɑːli] || excellent
 
| بهترین || behtarin || best
 
|-
|-
| عالیتر (alitar) || [ɑːlitær] || more excellent
 
| بزرگ || bozorg || big
 
|-
 
| بزرگترین || bozorgtarin || biggest
 
|-
 
| زیبا || zibā || beautiful
 
|-
|-
| عالیترین (alitarin) || [ɑːlitærin] || most excellent
|}


In the above example, we start with the adjective "عالی" (ali), which means "excellent." To form the comparative, we add the suffix "-tar" to the adjective, resulting in "عالیتر" (alitar), which means "more excellent." To form the superlative, we add the suffix "-tarin" to the adjective, resulting in "عالیترین" (alitarin), which means "most excellent."
| زیباترین || zibātarin || most beautiful
 
|-


It's important to note that some adjectives have irregular forms for comparatives and superlatives. These forms need to be memorized, as they do not follow the regular pattern. Here are some examples:
| کوچک || kuchak || small


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| خوب (khub) || [xʊb] || good
 
| کوچکترین || kuchaktarain || smallest
 
|-
|-
| بهتر (behtar) || [bɛhtær] || better
 
| سریع || sari' || fast
 
|-
|-
| بهترین (behtarin) || [bɛhtærin] || best
 
| سریع‌ترین || sari'tarin || fastest
 
|}
|}


In this example, the adjective "خوب" (khub) has an irregular comparative form "بهتر" (behtar) and an irregular superlative form "بهترین" (behtarin). These irregular forms must be memorized, as they do not follow the regular pattern of adding the suffixes "-tar" and "-tarin."
=== Examples of Comparatives and Superlatives ===
 
To illustrate the usage of comparatives and superlatives, let’s explore some practical examples. Here are 20 sentences demonstrating both forms:
 
1. این کتاب '''زیباتر''' از آن کتاب است. 
 
(In ketāb '''zibātar''' az ān ketāb ast.) 
 
This book is '''more beautiful''' than that book.
 
2. او '''بزرگتر''' از من است. 
 
(U '''bozorgtar''' az man ast.) 
 
He is '''bigger''' than me.
 
3. این چای '''سریع‌تر''' از قهوه است. 
 
(In chāy '''sari'tar''' az qahwa ast.) 
 
This tea is '''faster''' than coffee.
 
4. این ماشین '''بزرگتر''' از آن است. 
 
(In māshin '''bozorgtar''' az ān ast.) 
 
This car is '''bigger''' than that one.
 
5. او '''خوب‌تر''' از همه است. 
 
(U '''khubtar''' az hame ast.)
 
He is '''better''' than everyone.
 
6. این گل '''زیباترین''' گل در باغ است. 
 
(In gol '''zibātarin''' gol dar bāgh ast.)
 
This flower is the '''most beautiful''' flower in the garden.
 
7. این فیلم '''بهترین''' فیلم سال است. 
 
(In film '''behtarin''' film sāl ast.) 
 
This movie is the '''best''' movie of the year.
 
8. او '''کوچکترین''' دانش‌آموز در کلاس است. 
 
(U '''kuchaktarain''' dāneshāmūz dar kelās ast.) 
 
He is the '''smallest''' student in the class.
 
9. این کتاب '''بیشترین''' صفحات را دارد. 
 
(In ketāb '''bishtarin''' safahāt rā dārad.)
 
This book has the '''most''' pages.
 
10. این اتاق '''بزرگترین''' اتاق در خانه است. 
 
(In otāq '''bozorgtarin''' otāq dar khāne ast.) 
 
This room is the '''biggest''' room in the house.
 
11. او '''سریع‌ترین''' دونده در تیم است. 
 
(U '''sari'tarin''' dande dar tim ast.) 
 
He is the '''fastest''' runner on the team.


== Usage of Comparatives and Superlatives ==
12. این پل '''طولانی‌تر''' از پل قدیمی است.
Now that we understand how to form comparatives and superlatives in Dari, let's explore how to use them in sentences.


=== Comparing Two Things ===
(In pol '''tulānitar''' az pol qadimi ast.) 
When comparing two things in Dari, we use the comparative form of the adjective. Here are some examples:


* او زردتر از من است.
This bridge is '''longer''' than the old bridge.
  (u zardtar az man ast.)
  He is yellower than me.
 
* این کتاب جالبتر از آن کتاب است.
  (in ketab jâlb-tar az ân ketab ast.)
  This book is more interesting than that book.
 
In the above examples, we use the comparative forms "زردتر" (zardtar) and "جالبتر" (jâlb-tar) to compare two things. We also use the preposition "از" (az) to indicate the comparison.


=== Describing the Highest Degree ===
13. این کتاب '''جالب‌تر''' از آن کتاب است. 
When describing the highest degree or quality of something or someone within a group, we use the superlative form of the adjective. Here are some examples:


* او قدبلندترین فرد در خانواده است.
(In ketāb '''jālibtar''' az ān ketāb ast.)
  (u qad-baland-tarin fard dar khânevâde ast.)
  He is the tallest person in the family.
 
* این رستوران خوبترین رستوران در شهر است.
  (in restorân khub-tarin restorân dar shahr ast.)
  This restaurant is the best restaurant in the city.
 
In the above examples, we use the superlative forms "قدبلندترین" (qad-balad-tarin) and "خوبترین" (khub-tarin) to describe the highest degree or quality within a group. We also use the preposition "در" (dar) to indicate the group or category being compared.


== Cultural Insights ==
This book is '''more interesting''' than that book.
Comparatives and superlatives are used in daily conversations in Dari to express comparisons and describe things. In Afghan culture, it is common to use these forms when discussing various topics, such as food, clothing, and personal achievements. For example, when complimenting someone on their cooking skills, it is common to say "تو آشپزیت از همه خوبتره" (to âshpazi-at az hame khub-tare), which means "Your cooking is the best."


It's also interesting to note that Dari has borrowed some comparative and superlative forms from Arabic. These forms are often used in formal or poetic contexts. For example, the Arabic word "أفضل" (afdal) meaning "best" is commonly used in Dari as a superlative form.
14. او '''زیباترین''' دختر در مدرسه است.


== Exercises ==
(U '''zibātarin''' dokhtar dar madrase ast.) 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Try to complete the following exercises using comparatives and superlatives in Dari.


Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate comparative form of the adjective:
She is the '''most beautiful''' girl in the school.


1. این کتاب _____ از آن کتاب است. (جالب)
15. این ماشین '''بهترین''' ماشین در بازار است.
2. او _____ از من است. (پرتلاش)
3. این ماشین _____ از آن ماشین است. (گران)
4. او _____ از تمامی دوستان است. (خوشحال)
5. این شهر _____ از شهر دیگری است. (پرجمعیت)


Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate superlative form of the adjective:
(In māshin '''behtarin''' māshin dar bāzār ast.) 


1. او _____ فرد در خانواده است. (قدبلند)
This car is the '''best''' car in the market.
2. این رستوران _____ رستوران در شهر است. (خوب)
3. او _____ دانش‌آموز در کلاس است. (هوشمند)
4. این کتاب _____ کتابی است که تا به حال خوانده‌ای. (جالب)
5. این شهر _____ شهر در کشور است. (زیبا)


== Solutions ==
16. این روز '''سردتر''' از دیروز بود.
Exercise 1:
1. این کتاب جالب‌تر از آن کتاب است.
2. او پرتلاش‌تر از من است.
3. این ماشین گران‌تر از آن ماشین است.
4. او خوش‌حال‌تر از تمامی دوستان است.
5. این شهر پرجمعیت‌تر از شهر دیگری است.


Exercise 2:
(In rūz '''sardtar''' az dīruz bud.) 
1. او قدبلندترین فرد در خانواده است.
2. این رستوران خوبترین رستوران در شهر است.
3. او هوشمندترین دانش‌آموز در کلاس است.
4. این کتاب جالب‌ترین کتابی است که تا به حال خوانده‌ای.
5. این شهر زیباترین شهر در کشور است.


== Conclusion ==
Today was '''colder''' than yesterday.
In this lesson, we have explored the topic of comparatives and superlatives in the Dari language. We have learned how to form comparatives and superlatives using suffixes and irregular forms. We have also seen how to use comparatives and superlatives in sentences to compare two things and describe the highest degree within a group.  


By understanding and practicing the usage of comparatives and superlatives, you will be able to express comparisons and describe things more accurately in Dari. Keep practicing and incorporating these forms into your conversations to further enhance your language skills.
17. او '''خوب‌ترین''' نویسنده در کشور است. 
 
(U '''khubtarin''' nevisande dar keshwar ast.) 
 
He is the '''best''' writer in the country.
 
18. این خانه '''بزرگترین''' خانه در محله است. 
 
(In khāne '''bozorgtarin''' khāne dar mahalle ast.) 
 
This house is the '''biggest''' house in the neighborhood.
 
19. این گل '''زیباترین''' گل در باغچه است. 
 
(In gol '''zibātarin''' gol dar bāghche ast.) 
 
This flower is the '''most beautiful''' flower in the garden.
 
20. او '''سریع‌تر''' از همه است. 
 
(U '''sari'tar''' az hame ast.) 
 
He is '''faster''' than everyone.
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
 
Now that you have a solid understanding of comparatives and superlatives, it’s time to practice! Below are 10 exercises to help you apply what you’ve learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form of the adjectives given in parentheses.
 
1. این کتاب '''__________''' (زیبا) از آن کتاب است. 
 
2. او '''__________''' (بزرگ) از من است. 
 
3. این ماشین '''__________''' (سریع) از آن ماشین است. 
 
4. این روز '''__________''' (سرد) از دیروز بود. 
 
5. او '''__________''' (خوب) از همه است. 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. زیباتر
 
2. بزرگتر
 
3. سریع‌تر
 
4. سردتر
 
5. بهتر
 
==== Exercise 2: Convert to Superlative ====
 
Change the following sentences into the superlative form.
 
1. این کتاب خوب است. 
 
2. او بزرگ است. 
 
3. این گل زیبا است. 
 
4. این روز سرد است. 
 
5. او سریع است. 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. این کتاب '''بهترین''' کتاب است.
 
2. او '''بزرگترین''' است.
 
3. این گل '''زیباترین''' گل است.
 
4. این روز '''سردترین''' است.
 
5. او '''سریع‌ترین''' است.
 
==== Exercise 3: Match the Comparatives ====
 
Match the adjectives with their correct comparative forms.
 
A. خوب 
 
B. بزرگ 
 
C. زیبا 
 
D. سریع 
 
E. کوچک 
 
1. بزرگتر 
 
2. زیباتر 
 
3. سریع‌تر 
 
4. بهتر 
 
5. کوچکتر 
 
''Solutions:''
 
A - 4 (خوب - بهتر) 
 
B - 1 (بزرگ - بزرگتر) 
 
C - 2 (زیبا - زیباتر) 
 
D - 3 (سریع - سریع‌تر) 
 
E - 5 (کوچک - کوچکتر) 
 
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Using the adjectives provided, create your own comparative sentences.
 
1. زیبا 
 
2. بزرگ 
 
3. سریع 
 
4. سرد 
 
5. خوب 
 
''Solutions: (varies by student)'' 
 
Students should provide their sentences using the comparative structure.
 
==== Exercise 5: Identify the Superlative ====
 
Identify the superlative in the following sentences and write it down.
 
1. او بهترین دانش‌آموز است. 
 
2. این کتاب بزرگترین کتاب در کتابخانه است. 
 
3. این گل زیباترین گل در باغچه است. 
 
4. این روز سردترین روز سال است. 
 
5. او سریع‌ترین دونده در تیم است. 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. بهترین
 
2. بزرگترین
 
3. زیباترین
 
4. سردترین
 
5. سریع‌ترین
 
==== Exercise 6: Translate to Dari ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Dari using comparatives or superlatives.
 
1. This book is more interesting than that one. 
 
2. She is the best teacher in the school. 
 
3. Today is colder than yesterday. 
 
4. He is the smallest in the class. 
 
5. This flower is the most beautiful in the garden. 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. این کتاب '''جالب‌تر''' از آن است.
 
2. او '''بهترین''' معلم در مدرسه است.
 
3. امروز '''سردتر''' از دیروز است.
 
4. او '''کوچک‌ترین''' در کلاس است.
 
5. این گل '''زیباترین''' در باغ است.
 
==== Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives.
 
1. این فیلم '''__________''' (بهترین) فیلم سال است. 
 
2. آن پل '''__________''' (طولانی) پل در کشور است. 
 
3. این روز '''__________''' (سرد) از همه روزها است. 
 
4. او '''__________''' (خوب) از دیگران است. 
 
5. این گربه '''__________''' (کوچک) از آن گربه است. 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. بهترین
 
2. طولانی‌ترین
 
3. سردترین
 
4. بهتر
 
5. کوچکتر
 
==== Exercise 8: Superlative Challenge ====
 
Write a sentence using the superlative form of the following adjectives.
 
1. زیبا 
 
2. بزرگ 
 
3. سرد 
 
4. سریع 
 
5. خوب 
 
''Solutions: (varies by student)'' 
 
Students should provide their sentences using the superlative structure.
 
==== Exercise 9: Comparison Exercise ====
 
Compare the following pairs using comparatives.
 
1. کتاب (کتاب خوب) و (کتاب بد) 
 
2. ماشین (ماشین بزرگ) و (ماشین کوچک) 
 
3. روز (روز سرد) و (روز گرم) 
 
4. گل (گل زیبا) و (گل زشت) 
 
5. دانش‌آموز (دانش‌آموز خوب) و (دانش‌آموز ضعیف) 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. کتاب خوب '''بهتر''' از کتاب بد است.
 
2. ماشین بزرگ '''بزرگتر''' از ماشین کوچک است.
 
3. روز سرد '''سردتر''' از روز گرم است.
 
4. گل زیبا '''زیباتر''' از گل زشت است.
 
5. دانش‌آموز خوب '''بهتر''' از دانش‌آموز ضعیف است.
 
==== Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue ====
 
Create a short dialogue between two people using comparatives and superlatives.
 
''Solutions: (varies by student)'' 
 
Students should create a dialogue that incorporates the use of comparatives and superlatives effectively.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use comparatives and superlatives in Dari. Practice using these structures in your daily conversations to enhance your language skills. Remember, the more you practice, the more confident you will become in expressing comparisons and superlatives in Dari. Keep up the great work, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson as needed!


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Latest revision as of 06:20, 2 August 2024

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparatives and Superlatives

Welcome to the lesson on Comparatives and Superlatives in Dari! This topic is essential for anyone looking to express differences or similarities between objects, people, or concepts. Comparatives allow us to compare two items, while superlatives help us describe the highest degree of a quality among three or more items.

Understanding how to use these forms will not only enhance your speaking and writing skills but also allow you to communicate more effectively when describing things around you. In this lesson, we’ll explore the structure, formation, and usage of comparatives and superlatives in Dari.

We will break down the lesson into several sections:

  • Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives
  • Forming Comparatives
  • Forming Superlatives
  • Examples of Comparatives and Superlatives
  • Exercises and Practice Scenarios
  • Conclusion

Now, let’s dive into the world of Dari grammar!

Introduction to Comparatives and Superlatives[edit | edit source]

In Dari, comparatives and superlatives are used to compare qualities and characteristics. These grammatical structures enable you to articulate differences between two things or highlight the most prominent quality among a group.

Using comparatives and superlatives can enrich your conversation and writing, making it more engaging. Let’s take a closer look at how to form these structures.

Forming Comparatives[edit | edit source]

To create comparatives in Dari, you typically add the suffix -تر (-tar) to the adjective. This suffix indicates that one thing has a greater degree of a particular quality than another.

Here’s the general structure:

  • Adjective + -تر (comparative form)

For instance:

  • زیبا (zibā) - beautiful
  • زیباتر (zibātar) - more beautiful

Let’s look at some examples of comparatives:

Dari Pronunciation English
خوب khub good
بهتر behtar better
بلند buland tall
بلندتر bulandtar taller
سریع sari' fast
سریع‌تر sari'tar faster
بزرگ bozorg big
بزرگتر bozorgtar bigger
کوچک kuchak small
کوچکتر kuchaktar smaller

Forming Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Superlatives in Dari can be formed by adding the prefix بیشترین (bishtarin) or ترین (tarin) to the adjective. This signifies that something possesses the highest degree of a particular quality within a group.

For example:

  • بیشترین/ترین + Adjective (superlative form)

Here are a few examples of superlatives:

Dari Pronunciation English
خوب khub good
بهترین behtarin best
بزرگ bozorg big
بزرگترین bozorgtarin biggest
زیبا zibā beautiful
زیباترین zibātarin most beautiful
کوچک kuchak small
کوچکترین kuchaktarain smallest
سریع sari' fast
سریع‌ترین sari'tarin fastest

Examples of Comparatives and Superlatives[edit | edit source]

To illustrate the usage of comparatives and superlatives, let’s explore some practical examples. Here are 20 sentences demonstrating both forms:

1. این کتاب زیباتر از آن کتاب است.

(In ketāb zibātar az ān ketāb ast.)

This book is more beautiful than that book.

2. او بزرگتر از من است.

(U bozorgtar az man ast.)

He is bigger than me.

3. این چای سریع‌تر از قهوه است.

(In chāy sari'tar az qahwa ast.)

This tea is faster than coffee.

4. این ماشین بزرگتر از آن است.

(In māshin bozorgtar az ān ast.)

This car is bigger than that one.

5. او خوب‌تر از همه است.

(U khubtar az hame ast.)

He is better than everyone.

6. این گل زیباترین گل در باغ است.

(In gol zibātarin gol dar bāgh ast.)

This flower is the most beautiful flower in the garden.

7. این فیلم بهترین فیلم سال است.

(In film behtarin film sāl ast.)

This movie is the best movie of the year.

8. او کوچکترین دانش‌آموز در کلاس است.

(U kuchaktarain dāneshāmūz dar kelās ast.)

He is the smallest student in the class.

9. این کتاب بیشترین صفحات را دارد.

(In ketāb bishtarin safahāt rā dārad.)

This book has the most pages.

10. این اتاق بزرگترین اتاق در خانه است.

(In otāq bozorgtarin otāq dar khāne ast.)

This room is the biggest room in the house.

11. او سریع‌ترین دونده در تیم است.

(U sari'tarin dande dar tim ast.)

He is the fastest runner on the team.

12. این پل طولانی‌تر از پل قدیمی است.

(In pol tulānitar az pol qadimi ast.)

This bridge is longer than the old bridge.

13. این کتاب جالب‌تر از آن کتاب است.

(In ketāb jālibtar az ān ketāb ast.)

This book is more interesting than that book.

14. او زیباترین دختر در مدرسه است.

(U zibātarin dokhtar dar madrase ast.)

She is the most beautiful girl in the school.

15. این ماشین بهترین ماشین در بازار است.

(In māshin behtarin māshin dar bāzār ast.)

This car is the best car in the market.

16. این روز سردتر از دیروز بود.

(In rūz sardtar az dīruz bud.)

Today was colder than yesterday.

17. او خوب‌ترین نویسنده در کشور است.

(U khubtarin nevisande dar keshwar ast.)

He is the best writer in the country.

18. این خانه بزرگترین خانه در محله است.

(In khāne bozorgtarin khāne dar mahalle ast.)

This house is the biggest house in the neighborhood.

19. این گل زیباترین گل در باغچه است.

(In gol zibātarin gol dar bāghche ast.)

This flower is the most beautiful flower in the garden.

20. او سریع‌تر از همه است.

(U sari'tar az hame ast.)

He is faster than everyone.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of comparatives and superlatives, it’s time to practice! Below are 10 exercises to help you apply what you’ve learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form of the adjectives given in parentheses.

1. این کتاب __________ (زیبا) از آن کتاب است.

2. او __________ (بزرگ) از من است.

3. این ماشین __________ (سریع) از آن ماشین است.

4. این روز __________ (سرد) از دیروز بود.

5. او __________ (خوب) از همه است.

Solutions:

1. زیباتر

2. بزرگتر

3. سریع‌تر

4. سردتر

5. بهتر

Exercise 2: Convert to Superlative[edit | edit source]

Change the following sentences into the superlative form.

1. این کتاب خوب است.

2. او بزرگ است.

3. این گل زیبا است.

4. این روز سرد است.

5. او سریع است.

Solutions:

1. این کتاب بهترین کتاب است.

2. او بزرگترین است.

3. این گل زیباترین گل است.

4. این روز سردترین است.

5. او سریع‌ترین است.

Exercise 3: Match the Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Match the adjectives with their correct comparative forms.

A. خوب

B. بزرگ

C. زیبا

D. سریع

E. کوچک

1. بزرگتر

2. زیباتر

3. سریع‌تر

4. بهتر

5. کوچکتر

Solutions:

A - 4 (خوب - بهتر)

B - 1 (بزرگ - بزرگتر)

C - 2 (زیبا - زیباتر)

D - 3 (سریع - سریع‌تر)

E - 5 (کوچک - کوچکتر)

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the adjectives provided, create your own comparative sentences.

1. زیبا

2. بزرگ

3. سریع

4. سرد

5. خوب

Solutions: (varies by student)

Students should provide their sentences using the comparative structure.

Exercise 5: Identify the Superlative[edit | edit source]

Identify the superlative in the following sentences and write it down.

1. او بهترین دانش‌آموز است.

2. این کتاب بزرگترین کتاب در کتابخانه است.

3. این گل زیباترین گل در باغچه است.

4. این روز سردترین روز سال است.

5. او سریع‌ترین دونده در تیم است.

Solutions:

1. بهترین

2. بزرگترین

3. زیباترین

4. سردترین

5. سریع‌ترین

Exercise 6: Translate to Dari[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Dari using comparatives or superlatives.

1. This book is more interesting than that one.

2. She is the best teacher in the school.

3. Today is colder than yesterday.

4. He is the smallest in the class.

5. This flower is the most beautiful in the garden.

Solutions:

1. این کتاب جالب‌تر از آن است.

2. او بهترین معلم در مدرسه است.

3. امروز سردتر از دیروز است.

4. او کوچک‌ترین در کلاس است.

5. این گل زیباترین در باغ است.

Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives.

1. این فیلم __________ (بهترین) فیلم سال است.

2. آن پل __________ (طولانی) پل در کشور است.

3. این روز __________ (سرد) از همه روزها است.

4. او __________ (خوب) از دیگران است.

5. این گربه __________ (کوچک) از آن گربه است.

Solutions:

1. بهترین

2. طولانی‌ترین

3. سردترین

4. بهتر

5. کوچکتر

Exercise 8: Superlative Challenge[edit | edit source]

Write a sentence using the superlative form of the following adjectives.

1. زیبا

2. بزرگ

3. سرد

4. سریع

5. خوب

Solutions: (varies by student)

Students should provide their sentences using the superlative structure.

Exercise 9: Comparison Exercise[edit | edit source]

Compare the following pairs using comparatives.

1. کتاب (کتاب خوب) و (کتاب بد)

2. ماشین (ماشین بزرگ) و (ماشین کوچک)

3. روز (روز سرد) و (روز گرم)

4. گل (گل زیبا) و (گل زشت)

5. دانش‌آموز (دانش‌آموز خوب) و (دانش‌آموز ضعیف)

Solutions:

1. کتاب خوب بهتر از کتاب بد است.

2. ماشین بزرگ بزرگتر از ماشین کوچک است.

3. روز سرد سردتر از روز گرم است.

4. گل زیبا زیباتر از گل زشت است.

5. دانش‌آموز خوب بهتر از دانش‌آموز ضعیف است.

Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Create a short dialogue between two people using comparatives and superlatives.

Solutions: (varies by student)

Students should create a dialogue that incorporates the use of comparatives and superlatives effectively.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use comparatives and superlatives in Dari. Practice using these structures in your daily conversations to enhance your language skills. Remember, the more you practice, the more confident you will become in expressing comparisons and superlatives in Dari. Keep up the great work, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson as needed!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Describing People and Things — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Adverbs ▶️

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