Difference between revisions of "Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Relative-Clauses"

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Sindhi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses

Introduction: Relative clauses play a crucial role in Sindhi grammar as they allow us to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of relative clauses in Sindhi. We will learn how to form them, use relative pronouns, and construct complex sentences. By understanding relative clauses, you will be able to express yourself more effectively and add depth to your Sindhi conversations and writing. So let's dive into the fascinating world of relative clauses in Sindhi!

Formation of Relative Clauses

A relative clause is a dependent clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are formed by using relative pronouns and relative adverbs. Let's take a closer look at each of these elements.

Relative Pronouns

In Sindhi, relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. They serve as a bridge between the main clause and the relative clause, connecting the two together. Here are the relative pronouns commonly used in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English Translation
جي (ji)	[ji]	who, which, that
کي (ki)	[ki]	whom, which, that
جو (jo)	[jo]	whose, which, that
جيڪي (jeki)	[jeki]	whoever, whichever

Let's see these relative pronouns in action with some examples:

هيڪ ڪتاب آهي جي چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek kitaab aahe ji chondi sacchi aahe.)
She is a book whose content is true.

ھن دڪان ۾ اوھان جي چيجون آهن. (Han dukaan mein uhan ji cheejon aahin.)
These are the things that are on the shop.

مان جو ڪون آهي علي جي دوست آهي. (Man jo kon aahe Ali ji dost aahe.)
The person who is standing is Ali's friend.

جيڪي ڪوئي پڙهو ٿا هو پوءَ ٿي جيڏو. (Jeki koi parho tha ho poo-a thi jido.)
Whoever reads this will understand it.

As you can see, the relative pronouns "جي (ji)", "کي (ki)", "جو (jo)", and "جيڪي (jeki)" introduce the relative clauses and establish a connection with the main clause.

Relative Adverbs

Apart from relative pronouns, Sindhi also uses relative adverbs to introduce relative clauses. These adverbs provide additional information about time, place, reason, or manner. Let's take a look at some commonly used relative adverbs in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English Translation
جيہن (jihen)	[jihen]	where
جيڪا (jika)	[jika]	when
جيڪي (jeki)	[jeki]	why
جيسا (jaisa)	[jaisa]	as

Here are a few examples to illustrate the use of relative adverbs in Sindhi:

هن ٻيٽ جيہن ڪنڊا مٿي ٿيا ويو. (Han beet jehen kanda mithi thiyo wayo.)
This is the well where I drank sweet water.

مان سچ ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪيئن آهي سچ ڪريان آهي. (Man sach karn ji jikka kiyaan aahe sach karyan aahe.)
The person who does good is good.

جيڪي ڪوئي ڪرڻ آهي، اوھان کيونڊا اچيون آهن. (Jeki koi karn aahe, uhan kiyanda achiyon aahin.)
Why do they do what they do?

توهان ٻيٽ ۾ جيسا ڪرڻ چاهيو ويو. (Tohan beet mein jaisa karn chaheyo wayo.)
You should do as I did.

By using relative adverbs, we can provide additional information about the time, place, reason, or manner of an action or event in Sindhi.

Constructing Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses

Relative clauses allow us to construct complex sentences by adding more information to the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are usually placed immediately after the noun or pronoun they modify. Let's look at some examples to understand how to construct complex sentences using relative clauses:

هيڪ مٿي ٿيون ٿا چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek mithi thyo tha chondi sacchi aahe.)
This is the well where sweet water was found.

مان کي جو پتنجو آهي، اوھان کي مانجھندو ڀرائيو آهي. (Man ki jo patnjo aahe, uhan ki manjhando bharaiyo aahe.)
The person whom I met is the one who won the competition.

چوڇو جيڪي هو بچو کي مدد ڪندو آهي. (Chocho jeki ho bacho ki madad kando aahe.)
The boy whom he helps is my friend.

مري چوڻ آهي جيڪي ٻن ڪرڻ آهي. (Mari chon aahe jeki ban karn aahe.)
The task I have to do is difficult.

As you can see from these examples, relative clauses provide additional information about the noun or pronoun in the main clause, allowing us to construct more detailed and nuanced sentences in Sindhi.

Cultural Insights

Relative clauses are an integral part of the Sindhi language and are used extensively in both spoken and written communication. Sindhi culture places a strong emphasis on family and community, and this is reflected in the language as well. In Sindhi, it is common to use relative clauses to provide detailed information about family relationships, community connections, and social dynamics.

For example, a sentence like "هن کي جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (Han ki jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) translates to "She is the one who is my sister-in-law." Here, the relative clause "جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) provides information about the speaker's relationship with the person being referred to.

Sindhi culture is also deeply rooted in traditional values and customs. Relative clauses are often used to describe cultural practices, traditions, and rituals. For example, a sentence like "جو ڪنهن کي جوهري چڙيو ويو" (Jo kenhin ki johri chadhiyo wayo) translates to "The person who wore the traditional jewelry." Here, the relative clause "جوهري چڙيو ويو" (johri chadhiyo wayo) provides information about the cultural practice of wearing traditional jewelry.

Sindhi literature and poetry also make extensive use of relative clauses to add depth and beauty to the language. Poets often employ relative clauses to create vivid imagery and evoke emotions in their works. By understanding relative clauses, you will not only enhance your language skills but also gain insights into the rich cultural heritage of Sindhi-speaking communities.

Exercises

Now, let's practice what we have learned by doing some exercises. Choose the correct relative pronoun or adverb to complete each sentence:

1. ڪون آهي جيڪي ________ سچ پڑهو ٿا؟ a) جو b) جي c) کي d) جيڪي

2. هي ڪتاب آهي ________ هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو. a) جو b) کي c) جي d) جيڪي

3. توهان ڪٽي جيهن ________ سفر ڪريو ويو؟ a) کي b) جين c) جيہن d) جيڪا

4. ھو ________ پاني پيو ويو. a) جين b) جو c) جوهري d) جيڪا

5. توهان ____ کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو. a) جو b) جيهن c) جيڪي d) جين

Now, let's check the answers:

1. b) جي 2. a) جو 3. c) جيہن 4. b) جو 5. c) جيڪي

Solutions

1. ڪون آهي جيڪي جو سچ پڑهو ٿا؟ a) جو b) جي c) کي d) جيڪي

2. هي ڪتاب آهي جو هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو. a) جو b) کي c) جي d) جيڪي

3. توهان ڪٽي جيهن جيہن توهان سفر ڪريو ويو؟ a) کي b) جين c) جيہن d) جيڪا

4. ھو جو پاني پيو ويو. a) جين b) جو c) جوهري d) جيڪا

5. توهان جيڪي کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو. a) جو b) جيهن c) جيڪي d) جين

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form relative clauses in Sindhi. You have explored the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs to construct complex sentences. By mastering relative clauses, you can now add depth and nuance to your Sindhi communication. Keep practicing and incorporating relative clauses into your conversations and writing to become a more fluent and confident Sindhi speaker. Well done!

Table of Contents - Sindhi Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Introduction to Sindhi Script

Everyday Vocabulary

Basic Grammar Concepts

Everyday Situations

More Grammar Concepts

Culture and Traditions

Advanced Grammar Concepts

Sources

Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet

Other Lessons

◀️ Subjunctive Mood — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Reported Speech ▶️

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 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sindhi|Sindhi]]  → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses</div>
 __TOC__
-Relative clauses are an important aspect of the Sindhi language. They allow us to add more detail and context to our sentences by connecting them to other ideas or clauses. In this lesson, we will learn how to form relative clauses in Sindhi, including using relative pronouns and constructing complex sentences.
+Introduction:
+Relative clauses play a crucial role in Sindhi grammar as they allow us to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of relative clauses in Sindhi. We will learn how to form them, use relative pronouns, and construct complex sentences. By understanding relative clauses, you will be able to express yourself more effectively and add depth to your Sindhi conversations and writing. So let's dive into the fascinating world of relative clauses in Sindhi!
+== Formation of Relative Clauses ==
+A relative clause is a dependent clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are formed by using relative pronouns and relative adverbs. Let's take a closer look at each of these elements.
+=== Relative Pronouns ===
+In Sindhi, relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. They serve as a bridge between the main clause and the relative clause, connecting the two together. Here are the relative pronouns commonly used in Sindhi:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| جي (ji) || [ji] || who, which, that
+|-
+| کي (ki) || [ki] || whom, which, that
+|-
+| جو (jo) || [jo] || whose, which, that
+|-
+| جيڪي (jeki) || [jeki] || whoever, whichever
+|}
+Let's see these relative pronouns in action with some examples:
+# هيڪ ڪتاب آهي جي چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek kitaab aahe ji chondi sacchi aahe.)
+# She is a book whose content is true.
+# ھن دڪان ۾ اوھان جي چيجون آهن. (Han dukaan mein uhan ji cheejon aahin.)
+# These are the things that are on the shop.
+# مان جو ڪون آهي علي جي دوست آهي. (Man jo kon aahe Ali ji dost aahe.)
+# The person who is standing is Ali's friend.
+# جيڪي ڪوئي پڙهو ٿا هو پوءَ ٿي جيڏو. (Jeki koi parho tha ho poo-a thi jido.)
+# Whoever reads this will understand it.
+As you can see, the relative pronouns "جي (ji)", "کي (ki)", "جو (jo)", and "جيڪي (jeki)" introduce the relative clauses and establish a connection with the main clause.
+=== Relative Adverbs ===
+Apart from relative pronouns, Sindhi also uses relative adverbs to introduce relative clauses. These adverbs provide additional information about time, place, reason, or manner. Let's take a look at some commonly used relative adverbs in Sindhi:
-== What are Relative Clauses? ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| جيہن (jihen) || [jihen] || where
+|-
+| جيڪا (jika) || [jika] || when
+|-
+| جيڪي (jeki) || [jeki] || why
+|-
+| جيسا (jaisa) || [jaisa] || as
+|}
-Relative clauses are clauses that modify or describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. They provide additional information about the noun, such as its characteristics or qualities. They usually begin with a relative pronoun, such as “jo” (meaning “who” or “which”) or “ja” (meaning “that”).
+Here are a few examples to illustrate the use of relative adverbs in Sindhi:
-Here’s an example of a sentence with a relative clause in Sindhi:
+# هن ٻيٽ جيہن ڪنڊا مٿي ٿيا ويو. (Han beet jehen kanda mithi thiyo wayo.)
+# This is the well where I drank sweet water.
-“محمد جي ڀائڻ جو مہربان ٻاهر سان بولي ٿو” which means “Mohammed, who is a kind speaker, spoke with his friend”.
+# مان سچ ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪيئن آهي سچ ڪريان آهي. (Man sach karn ji jikka kiyaan aahe sach karyan aahe.)
+# The person who does good is good.
-In this sentence, the relative clause is “جو مہربان ٻاهر”, which modifies “محمد جي ڀائڻ” (Mohammed). The relative pronoun used is “جو” (jo), meaning “who” or “which”.
+# جيڪي ڪوئي ڪرڻ آهي، اوھان کيونڊا اچيون آهن. (Jeki koi karn aahe, uhan kiyanda achiyon aahin.)
+# Why do they do what they do?
-== Types of Relative Clauses ==
+# توهان ٻيٽ ۾ جيسا ڪرڻ چاهيو ويو. (Tohan beet mein jaisa karn chaheyo wayo.)
+# You should do as I did.
-There are two main types of relative clauses in Sindhi:
+By using relative adverbs, we can provide additional information about the time, place, reason, or manner of an action or event in Sindhi.
-=== Restrictive Relative Clauses ===
+== Constructing Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses ==
-Restrictive relative clauses provide essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify. They are used to “restrict” the meaning of the noun or pronoun, and without the relative clause, the sentence would not make complete sense.
+Relative clauses allow us to construct complex sentences by adding more information to the main clause. In Sindhi, relative clauses are usually placed immediately after the noun or pronoun they modify. Let's look at some examples to understand how to construct complex sentences using relative clauses:
-For example:
+# هيڪ مٿي ٿيون ٿا چونڊي سڄي آهي. (Heek mithi thyo tha chondi sacchi aahe.)
+# This is the well where sweet water was found.
-“اسٽيفي جو ڀرتن ديون ۾ رڳو رهيو آهي” which means “The book that belongs to Stephanie is on the desk.”
+# مان کي جو پتنجو آهي، اوھان کي مانجھندو ڀرائيو آهي. (Man ki jo patnjo aahe, uhan ki manjhando bharaiyo aahe.)
+# The person whom I met is the one who won the competition.
-In this sentence, the relative clause “جو ڀرتن ديون ۾ رڳو رهيو آهي” (that belongs to Stephanie) is essential to the meaning of the sentence. It restricts the book to a particular one belonging to Stephanie and without it, the sentence would not be complete.
+# چوڇو جيڪي هو بچو کي مدد ڪندو آهي. (Chocho jeki ho bacho ki madad kando aahe.)
+# The boy whom he helps is my friend.
-=== Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses ===
+# مري چوڻ آهي جيڪي ٻن ڪرڻ آهي. (Mari chon aahe jeki ban karn aahe.)
+# The task I have to do is difficult.
-Non-restrictive relative clauses provide supplementary or additional information about the noun or pronoun they modify. They are not essential to the meaning of the sentence and can be removed without changing the overall meaning of the sentence.
+As you can see from these examples, relative clauses provide additional information about the noun or pronoun in the main clause, allowing us to construct more detailed and nuanced sentences in Sindhi.
-For example:
+== Cultural Insights ==
-“شام لۏاري جو پرک پارچي يا هي” which means “This is Larry's bike, which he rides every day”.
+Relative clauses are an integral part of the Sindhi language and are used extensively in both spoken and written communication. Sindhi culture places a strong emphasis on family and community, and this is reflected in the language as well. In Sindhi, it is common to use relative clauses to provide detailed information about family relationships, community connections, and social dynamics.
-In this sentence, the relative clause “جو پرک پارچي يا هي” (which he rides every day) provides additional information about Larry's bike but is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
+For example, a sentence like "هن کي جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (Han ki jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) translates to "She is the one who is my sister-in-law." Here, the relative clause "جيڪي مان جو ئي وياهي آهي" (jeki man jo ee wiyaahi aahe) provides information about the speaker's relationship with the person being referred to.
-== Forming Restrictive Relative Clauses ==
+Sindhi culture is also deeply rooted in traditional values and customs. Relative clauses are often used to describe cultural practices, traditions, and rituals. For example, a sentence like "جو ڪنهن کي جوهري چڙيو ويو" (Jo kenhin ki johri chadhiyo wayo) translates to "The person who wore the traditional jewelry." Here, the relative clause "جوهري چڙيو ويو" (johri chadhiyo wayo) provides information about the cultural practice of wearing traditional jewelry.
-Restrictive relative clauses are formed using the relative pronouns “جو” (jo), “جيڪي” (jeki), “وھان” (whan), “ڏيکنده” (dekhundo), and “هڪڙي” (hukri).
+Sindhi literature and poetry also make extensive use of relative clauses to add depth and beauty to the language. Poets often employ relative clauses to create vivid imagery and evoke emotions in their works. By understanding relative clauses, you will not only enhance your language skills but also gain insights into the rich cultural heritage of Sindhi-speaking communities.
-The pronoun “جو” (jo) is the most commonly used relative pronoun in Sindhi. It is used to refer to people or things, and it can be used as a subject or object pronoun.
+== Exercises ==
-Here are some examples of restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi:
+Now, let's practice what we have learned by doing some exercises. Choose the correct relative pronoun or adverb to complete each sentence:
-{| class="wikitable"
+. ڪون آهي جيڪي ________ سچ پڑهو ٿا؟
-! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
+a) جو
-|-
+b) جي
-| هڪ ٻن ڏکڻ جو قانون || hek ban dakkan jo qanoon || The law that bans smoking.
+c) کي
-|-
+d) جيڪي
-| مونھان ۾ نت جھلو || monhan mein nat jhalo || The drop of sweat that is on my forehead.
-|-
+. هي ڪتاب آهي ________ هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو.
-| بازار ۾ ککڙو چاھي آهي || bazaar mein kukro chahi aahe || The dog that I want is in the market.
+a) جو
-|-
+b) کي
-| چاٻي کي پيلائي ٿي ٻ منگڻو جو شوق || chaayi ke peelai thi be mangno jo shoq || It is my passion to beg for tea that has been thrown away.
+c) جي
-|}
+d) جيڪي
+. توهان ڪٽي جيهن ________ سفر ڪريو ويو؟
+a) کي
+b) جين
+c) جيہن
+d) جيڪا
+. ھو ________ پاني پيو ويو.
+a) جين
+b) جو
+c) جوهري
+d) جيڪا
+. توهان ____ کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو.
+a) جو
+b) جيهن
+c) جيڪي
+d) جين
+Now, let's check the answers:
+. b) جي
+. a) جو
+. c) جيہن
+. b) جو
+. c) جيڪي
+== Solutions ==
+. ڪون آهي جيڪي جو سچ پڑهو ٿا؟
+a) جو
+b) جي
+c) کي
+d) جيڪي
-== Forming Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses ==
+. هي ڪتاب آهي جو هو پڙهو ٿا ٿيو.
+a) جو
+b) کي
+c) جي
+d) جيڪي
-Non-restrictive relative clauses are formed using the relative pronouns “جي” (ji), “جو” (jo), “وھان” (whan), “ڏيکنده” (dekhundo), and “هڪڙي” (hukri).
+. توهان ڪٽي جيهن جيہن توهان سفر ڪريو ويو؟
+a) کي
+b) جين
+c) جيہن
+d) جيڪا
-Here are some examples of non-restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi:
+. ھو جو پاني پيو ويو.
+a) جين
+b) جو
+c) جوهري
+d) جيڪا
-{| class="wikitable"
+. توهان جيڪي کچهريءَ چڙيو ويو.
-! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
+a) جو
-|-
+b) جيهن
-| ٻچن جي شوخين انپ ايم پي کي وساتو || bachan ji shokeen anp MP ki waseto || Mr. Bachan, who is passionate about being an MP, is sitting here.
+c) جيڪي
-|-
+d) جين
-| مونهنجي ذات جي لاڏ || monhenji zaat ji laad || The laugh of my own kind.
-|-
-| سينٺي جو گوٽيرا || saindhi jo gothera || The calf of Sindh.
-|}
 == Conclusion ==
-Relative clauses are an important part of Sindhi grammar. They provide additional detail and context to our sentences, allowing us to describe or modify nouns and pronouns more precisely. By using the appropriate relative pronouns and sentence constructions, you can form both restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi. Practice constructing sentences with relative clauses to improve your Sindhi language skills.
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form relative clauses in Sindhi. You have explored the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs to construct complex sentences. By mastering relative clauses, you can now add depth and nuance to your Sindhi communication. Keep practicing and incorporating relative clauses into your conversations and writing to become a more fluent and confident Sindhi speaker. Well done!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Sindhi Grammar: Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses
+|title=Sindhi Grammar → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses
-|keywords=Sindhi, grammar, advanced, concepts, relative clauses, lesson, restrictive, non-restrictive, clauses, pronouns, complex sentences
+|keywords=Sindhi grammar, advanced Sindhi grammar, relative clauses in Sindhi, Sindhi relative pronouns, Sindhi relative adverbs
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form relative clauses in Sindhi, including using relative pronouns and constructing complex sentences. Types of relative clauses, examples, and sentence constructions are discussed.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form relative clauses in Sindhi, including using relative pronouns and constructing complex sentences.
 }}
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+==Sources==
+* [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/sindhi/ Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet]
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-* [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/sindhi/ Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet]
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