Difference between revisions of "Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Gurmukhi-Matra"

Latest revision as of 21:20, 21 June 2023

◀️ Gurmukhi Alphabet — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Greetings and Introductions ▶️

Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Matra

Panjabi Grammar → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Matra

In this lesson, we will dive deeper into the Gurmukhi script, specifically focusing on Gurmukhi Matra. Gurmukhi Matra are vowel signs that modify the pronunciation of consonants in Panjabi. Understanding the usage and pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra is essential for reading and writing in Panjabi. We will explore the different Matra and their impact on the pronunciation of consonants.

Importance of Gurmukhi Matra[edit | edit source]

Gurmukhi Matra play a crucial role in the Panjabi language as they help in accurately representing the pronunciation of words. By adding Matra to consonants, we can express various vowel sounds and differentiate between similar-looking words. Without the proper use of Matra, it would be challenging to read and understand Panjabi text correctly. Therefore, it is essential to master the usage of Gurmukhi Matra to become proficient in reading and writing Panjabi.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Introduction to Gurmukhi Matra 2. Usage and Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra 3. Cultural Insights: Regional Variations in Matra Usage 4. Exercises and Practice Scenarios 5. Solutions and Explanations

Let's begin our exploration of Gurmukhi Matra.

Introduction to Gurmukhi Matra[edit | edit source]

Gurmukhi Matra are vowel signs that are added to consonants in the Gurmukhi script to represent different vowel sounds. These Matra modify the pronunciation of the consonant and indicate the specific vowel associated with it. Gurmukhi Matra are written above, below, or beside the consonant, depending on the vowel sound it represents.

There are ten main Gurmukhi Matra, representing the ten vowels in Panjabi. They are:

Gurmukhi	Pronunciation	English Translation
ਾ	Aa	Long A
ਿ	I	Short I
ੀ	Ii	Long I
ੁ	U	Short U
ੂ	Uu	Long U
ਏ	E	E
ਐ	Ai	Ai
ਓ	O	O
ਔ	Au	Au
ਅੰ	An	Nasalization

These Matra enable us to accurately represent the vowels in Panjabi words, ensuring correct pronunciation and comprehension.

Usage and Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra[edit | edit source]

Let's explore the usage and pronunciation of each Gurmukhi Matra in detail.

ਾ (Aa) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਾ (Aa) Matra is used to represent the long "A" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਮਾਤਾ (Mātā) - Mother
ਪਾਣੀ (Pāṇī) - Water

In both examples, the ਾ (Aa) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "A" sound.

ਿ (I) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਿ (I) Matra is used to represent the short "I" sound in Panjabi. It is written below the consonant. For example:

ਪਿਤਾ (Pitā) - Father
ਬਿਲਲੀ (Billī) - Cat

In both examples, the ਿ (I) Matra is added below the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the short "I" sound.

ੀ (Ii) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ੀ (Ii) Matra is used to represent the long "I" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਬੀਬੀ (Bībī) - Wife
ਸੀਤਾ (Sītā) - Sita (a female name)

In both examples, the ੀ (Ii) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "I" sound.

ੁ (U) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ੁ (U) Matra is used to represent the short "U" sound in Panjabi. It is written below the consonant. For example:

ਕੁੜੀ (Kuṛī) - Girl
ਬੁੱਢਾ (Buḍḍhā) - Old man

In both examples, the ੁ (U) Matra is added below the consonant ਡ (Ḍ) to represent the short "U" sound.

ੂ (Uu) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ੂ (Uu) Matra is used to represent the long "U" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਜੂਤਾ (Jūtā) - Shoe
ਸੂਰਜ (Sūraj) - Sun

In both examples, the ੂ (Uu) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "U" sound.

ਏ (E) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਏ (E) Matra is used to represent the sound "E" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਮੇਲਾ (Melā) - Fair
ਜੇਠਾਂ (Jeṭhāṇ) - Elder

In both examples, the ਏ (E) Matra is added above the consonant ਲ (L) to represent the sound "E."

ਐ (Ai) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਐ (Ai) Matra is used to represent the sound "Ai" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਮੈਂ (Main) - I
ਕੈਪ (Kaip) - Cap

In both examples, the ਐ (Ai) Matra is added above the consonant ਨ (N) to represent the sound "Ai."

ਓ (O) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਓ (O) Matra is used to represent the sound "O" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਕੋਈ (Koī) - Someone
ਖੋਟ (Khoṭ) - Lie

In both examples, the ਓ (O) Matra is added above the consonant ਈ (Ī) to represent the sound "O."

ਔ (Au) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਔ (Au) Matra is used to represent the sound "Au" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਖਾਉ (Khāu) - I eat
ਸੌਰ (Saur) - Sun

In both examples, the ਔ (Au) Matra is added above the consonant ਅ (A) to represent the sound "Au."

ਅੰ (An) Matra[edit | edit source]

The ਅੰ (An) Matra is used to represent nasalization in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:

ਅੰਦਰ (Andar) - Inside
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Panjābī) - Panjabi

In both examples, the ਅੰ (An) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to indicate nasalization.

Cultural Insights: Regional Variations in Matra Usage[edit | edit source]

Throughout the Panjabi-speaking regions, there may be slight variations in the usage and pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra. These regional variations are influenced by dialects and historical factors. For example, in some regions, the pronunciation of certain Matra may differ slightly from the standard Panjabi pronunciation. Understanding these variations can help learners adapt to different Panjabi-speaking communities and appreciate the linguistic diversity within the Panjabi language.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice what we have learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Gurmukhi Matra.

Exercise 1: Add the appropriate Matra to the consonants to form the correct word.

1. ਤ - Add the Matra to form the word for "mother." 2. ਪ - Add the Matra to form the word for "father." 3. ਕ - Add the Matra to form the word for "girl." 4. ਜ - Add the Matra to form the word for "shoe." 5. ਮ - Add the Matra to form the word for "I."

Exercise 2: Identify the Matra used in the given Panjabi words.

1. ਸੂਰਜ 2. ਮਾਤਾ 3. ਖੋਟ 4. ਮੋਰ 5. ਪਾਣੀ

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. ਤ + ਾ = ਤਾ (Tā) - Mother 2. ਪ + ਿ = ਪਿ (Pī) - Father 3. ਕ + ੁ = ਕੁ (Ku) - Girl 4. ਜ + ੂ = ਜੂ (Jū) - Shoe 5. ਮ + ੇ = ਮੈ (Mai) - I

Exercise 2:

1. ਸੂ + ਰ + ਜ = ਸੂਰਜ (Sūraj) - Sun 2. ਮ + ਾ + ਤ + ਾ = ਮਾਤਾ (Mātā) - Mother 3. ਖ + ੋ + ਟ = ਖੋਟ (Khoṭ) - Lie 4. ਮ + ੋ + ਰ = ਮੋਰ (Mor) - Peacock 5. ਪ + ਾ + ਣ + ੀ = ਪਾਣੀ (Pāṇī) - Water

By completing these exercises, you have practiced applying Gurmukhi Matra in various words, enhancing your understanding of their usage and pronunciation.

In this lesson, we explored the Gurmukhi Matra, their usage, and how they modify the pronunciation of consonants in Panjabi words. We also discussed regional variations in Matra usage and provided exercises to reinforce your learning. Mastering Gurmukhi Matra is an essential step towards becoming proficient in reading and writing Panjabi.

Keep practicing and building upon your knowledge of the Gurmukhi script. In the next lesson, we will continue our journey by learning about basic words and phrases in Panjabi.

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Panjabi Script

Basic Words and Phrases

Basic Sentence Structure

Everyday Vocabulary

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negation

Panjabi Customs and Traditions

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Panjabi Literature and Media

Health and Emergencies

Expressing Opinions and Emotions

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Gurmukhi Alphabet — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Greetings and Introductions ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
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 {{Panjabi-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Matra</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Panjabi language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the Gurmukhi Matra in this lesson. These are diacritical marks used in Gurmukhi script, which modify the pronunciation of consonants. Understanding the Matra is an essential step towards mastering the Panjabi language.
+Panjabi Grammar → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Matra
-Let us dive right in!
+In this lesson, we will dive deeper into the Gurmukhi script, specifically focusing on Gurmukhi Matra. Gurmukhi Matra are vowel signs that modify the pronunciation of consonants in Panjabi. Understanding the usage and pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra is essential for reading and writing in Panjabi. We will explore the different Matra and their impact on the pronunciation of consonants.
+=== Importance of Gurmukhi Matra ===
-<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] & [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
+Gurmukhi Matra play a crucial role in the Panjabi language as they help in accurately representing the pronunciation of words. By adding Matra to consonants, we can express various vowel sounds and differentiate between similar-looking words. Without the proper use of Matra, it would be challenging to read and understand Panjabi text correctly. Therefore, it is essential to master the usage of Gurmukhi Matra to become proficient in reading and writing Panjabi.
-== What are the Gurmukhi Matra? ==
-Matra in Gurmukhi denotes vowel sound. The Matra consists of nine marks that are added to the consonants to represent different vowels sounds. The vowels that can be added to consonants are:
+=== Structure of the Lesson ===
-* ਅ
+. Introduction to Gurmukhi Matra
-* ਆ
+. Usage and Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra
-* ਇ
+. Cultural Insights: Regional Variations in Matra Usage
-* ਈ
+. Exercises and Practice Scenarios
-* ਉ
+. Solutions and Explanations
-* ਊ
-* ਏ
-* ਐ
-* ਓ
-* ਔ
-The vowel sounds are divided into short and long sounds as indicated by the horizontal lines above the consonants.
+Let's begin our exploration of Gurmukhi Matra.
-Now, let’s look at each Matra and its pronunciation.
+== Introduction to Gurmukhi Matra ==
-== Gurmukhi Matra and Pronunciation==
+Gurmukhi Matra are vowel signs that are added to consonants in the Gurmukhi script to represent different vowel sounds. These Matra modify the pronunciation of the consonant and indicate the specific vowel associated with it. Gurmukhi Matra are written above, below, or beside the consonant, depending on the vowel sound it represents.
-Here is a list and pronunciation of the Gurmukhi Matra:
+There are ten main Gurmukhi Matra, representing the ten vowels in Panjabi. They are:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Gurmukhi !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Gurmukhi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 |-
-| ਅ || a, /ə/ (depending on position) || As in "above"/ "ago"
+| ਾ || Aa || Long A
 |-
-| ਆ || aa, /aː/  || As in "car"
+| ਿ || I || Short I
 |-
-| ਇ || i, /ɪ, iː/ || As in "pin" or "heat"
+| ੀ || Ii || Long I
 |-
-| ਈ || ii, /i:/ || As in "fleek"
+| ੁ || U || Short U
 |-
-| ਉ || u, /ʊ/ or /u:/ || As in "putt" or "boot"
+| ੂ || Uu || Long U
 |-
-| ਊ || uu, /u:/ || As in "shoe"
+| ਏ || E || E
 |-
-| ਏ || ei, /ɛː/ || As in "bear"
+| ਐ || Ai || Ai
 |-
-| ਐ || ai, /aɪ/ || As in "pie"
+| ਓ || O || O
 |-
-| ਓ || o, /o:/ or /ɔː/ || As in "bowl" or "law"
+| ਔ || Au || Au
 |-
-| ਔ || au, /aʊ/ || As in "cow"
+| ਅੰ || An || Nasalization
 |}
-Note: The pronunciation of some Matra sounds depends on their location in the word. For example, the sound of Matra ‘ਅ’ may be pronounced as a short ‘a’ or a short vowel sound similar to ‘uh’ depending on its location.
+These Matra enable us to accurately represent the vowels in Panjabi words, ensuring correct pronunciation and comprehension.
+== Usage and Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra ==
+Let's explore the usage and pronunciation of each Gurmukhi Matra in detail.
+=== ਾ (Aa) Matra ===
+The ਾ (Aa) Matra is used to represent the long "A" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
+* ਮਾਤਾ (Mātā) - Mother
+* ਪਾਣੀ (Pāṇī) - Water
+In both examples, the ਾ (Aa) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "A" sound.
+=== ਿ (I) Matra ===
+The ਿ (I) Matra is used to represent the short "I" sound in Panjabi. It is written below the consonant. For example:
+* ਪਿਤਾ (Pitā) - Father
+* ਬਿਲਲੀ (Billī) - Cat
+In both examples, the ਿ (I) Matra is added below the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the short "I" sound.
+=== ੀ (Ii) Matra ===
+The ੀ (Ii) Matra is used to represent the long "I" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
+* ਬੀਬੀ (Bībī) - Wife
+* ਸੀਤਾ (Sītā) - Sita (a female name)
+In both examples, the ੀ (Ii) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "I" sound.
+=== ੁ (U) Matra ===
+The ੁ (U) Matra is used to represent the short "U" sound in Panjabi. It is written below the consonant. For example:
+* ਕੁੜੀ (Kuṛī) - Girl
+* ਬੁੱਢਾ (Buḍḍhā) - Old man
+In both examples, the ੁ (U) Matra is added below the consonant ਡ (Ḍ) to represent the short "U" sound.
+=== ੂ (Uu) Matra ===
+The ੂ (Uu) Matra is used to represent the long "U" sound in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
+* ਜੂਤਾ (Jūtā) - Shoe
+* ਸੂਰਜ (Sūraj) - Sun
+In both examples, the ੂ (Uu) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to represent the long "U" sound.
+=== ਏ (E) Matra ===
+The ਏ (E) Matra is used to represent the sound "E" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
+* ਮੇਲਾ (Melā) - Fair
+* ਜੇਠਾਂ (Jeṭhāṇ) - Elder
+In both examples, the ਏ (E) Matra is added above the consonant ਲ (L) to represent the sound "E."
-== Usage of the Gurmukhi Matra ==
+=== ਐ (Ai) Matra ===
-The Matra is used in Gurmukhi script to denote the different vowel sounds that can be paired with each consonant sound in Panjabi.  There are two categories of vowel sounds: dependent and independent vowel sounds.
+The ਐ (Ai) Matra is used to represent the sound "Ai" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
-=== Dependent Vowel Sounds ===
+* ਮੈਂ (Main) - I
+* ਕੈਪ (Kaip) - Cap
-The dependent vowel sounds can only be used in combination with a consonant. They are added to a consonant to create a syllable. The dependent vowels are:
+In both examples, the ਐ (Ai) Matra is added above the consonant ਨ (N) to represent the sound "Ai."
-* ਿ (i) – pronounced as “ih”
+=== ਓ (O) Matra ===
-* ੀ (ee) – pronounced as “eeh”
-* ੭ (u) – pronounced as “uh"
-* ੂ (oo) – pronounced as “ooh”
-* ੇ (ae) – pronounced as “ayh”
-* ੈ (ai) – pronounced as “ayee”
-* ੋ (au) – pronounced as “ow”
-* ੌ (ou) – pronounced as “owee”
-=== Independent Vowel Sounds ===
+The ਓ (O) Matra is used to represent the sound "O" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
-The independent vowel sounds can be used on their own or combined with consonants. The independent vowels are:
+* ਕੋਈ (Koī) - Someone
+* ਖੋਟ (Khoṭ) - Lie
-* ਅ (a) – pronounced as "a"
+In both examples, the ਓ (O) Matra is added above the consonant ਈ (Ī) to represent the sound "O."
-* ਆ (aa) – pronounced as "aa"
-* ਇ (i) – pronounced as "ih"
-* ਈ (ee) – pronounced as "eeh"
-* ਉ (u) – pronounced as "uh"
-* ਊ (oo) – pronounced as "ooh"
-* ਏ (ae) – pronounced as "ayh"
-* ਐ (ai) – pronounced as "ayee"
-* ਓ (au) – pronounced as "ow"
-* ਔ (ou) – pronounced as "owee"
-== Modifying Consonant Pronunciation ==
+=== ਔ (Au) Matra ===
-The Gurmukhi Matra can significantly impact the pronunciation and meaning of a word by modifying the consonant pronunciation. Here are a few examples of how the Matra changes the pronunciation of consonants when paired with dependent vowel sounds:
+The ਔ (Au) Matra is used to represent the sound "Au" in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
-* ਕ – pronounced as "k"
+* ਖਾਉ (Khāu) - I eat
-* ਕਿ - pronounced as "ke"
+* ਸੌਰ (Saur) - Sun
-* ਕੀ - pronounced as "kee"
-* ਕੁ - pronounced as "ku" (soft "u")
-* ਕੂ - pronounced as "koo" (hard "u")
-* ਕੇ - pronounced as "kay"
-* ਕੈ - pronounced as "kai" (pronounced as "ke" - young inflection)
-* ਕੋ - pronounced as "ko" (hard 'o', nasalized)
-* ਕੌ - pronounced as "kow" (ou, pronounced like cow)
-As you can see, the Matra creates a unique sound in each example. It's essential to practice the pronunciation of each Matra with consonants to become comfortable with how the Matra affects the consonant sound.
+In both examples, the ਔ (Au) Matra is added above the consonant ਅ (A) to represent the sound "Au."
-== Conclusion ==
+=== ਅੰ (An) Matra ===
-By now, you know what the Gurmukhi Matra is, its usage, and its importance in Panjabi script. Understanding the Matra is an essential step towards mastering Panjabi language. If you practice and understand how the Matra modifies consonant pronunciation, your Panjabi pronunciation will dramatically improve.
+The ਅੰ (An) Matra is used to represent nasalization in Panjabi. It is written above the consonant. For example:
-In the next section of this course, we will dive into basic Panjabi words and phrases. Keep practicing the Gurmukhi Matra in the meanwhile.
+* ਅੰਦਰ (Andar) - Inside
+* ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Panjābī) - Panjabi
-I hope you found this lesson helpful. Happy learning!
+In both examples, the ਅੰ (An) Matra is added above the consonant ਤ (T) to indicate nasalization.
+== Cultural Insights: Regional Variations in Matra Usage ==
+Throughout the Panjabi-speaking regions, there may be slight variations in the usage and pronunciation of Gurmukhi Matra. These regional variations are influenced by dialects and historical factors. For example, in some regions, the pronunciation of certain Matra may differ slightly from the standard Panjabi pronunciation. Understanding these variations can help learners adapt to different Panjabi-speaking communities and appreciate the linguistic diversity within the Panjabi language.
+== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
+Now, let's practice what we have learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Gurmukhi Matra.
+Exercise 1: Add the appropriate Matra to the consonants to form the correct word.
+. ਤ - Add the Matra to form the word for "mother."
+. ਪ - Add the Matra to form the word for "father."
+. ਕ - Add the Matra to form the word for "girl."
+. ਜ - Add the Matra to form the word for "shoe."
+. ਮ - Add the Matra to form the word for "I."
+Exercise 2: Identify the Matra used in the given Panjabi words.
+. ਸੂਰਜ
+. ਮਾਤਾ
+. ਖੋਟ
+. ਮੋਰ
+. ਪਾਣੀ
+== Solutions and Explanations ==
+Exercise 1:
+. ਤ + ਾ = ਤਾ (Tā) - Mother
+. ਪ + ਿ = ਪਿ (Pī) - Father
+. ਕ + ੁ = ਕੁ (Ku) - Girl
+. ਜ + ੂ = ਜੂ (Jū) - Shoe
+. ਮ + ੇ = ਮੈ (Mai) - I
+Exercise 2:
+. ਸੂ + ਰ + ਜ = ਸੂਰਜ (Sūraj) - Sun
+. ਮ + ਾ + ਤ + ਾ = ਮਾਤਾ (Mātā) - Mother
+. ਖ + ੋ + ਟ = ਖੋਟ (Khoṭ) - Lie
+. ਮ + ੋ + ਰ = ਮੋਰ (Mor) - Peacock
+. ਪ + ਾ + ਣ + ੀ = ਪਾਣੀ (Pāṇī) - Water
+By completing these exercises, you have practiced applying Gurmukhi Matra in various words, enhancing your understanding of their usage and pronunciation.
+In this lesson, we explored the Gurmukhi Matra, their usage, and how they modify the pronunciation of consonants in Panjabi words. We also discussed regional variations in Matra usage and provided exercises to reinforce your learning. Mastering Gurmukhi Matra is an essential step towards becoming proficient in reading and writing Panjabi.
+Keep practicing and building upon your knowledge of the Gurmukhi script. In the next lesson, we will continue our journey by learning about basic words and phrases in Panjabi.
-<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] & [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|Nouns and Pronouns]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Panjabi Grammar: Introduction to Panjabi Script: Gurmukhi Matra
+|title=Panjabi Grammar → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Matra
-|keywords=Panjabi Grammar, Gurmukhi Matra, Panjabi script, dependent vowels, independent vowels
+|keywords=Panjabi, Gurmukhi Matra, Panjabi script, Panjabi language, Panjabi vowels, Panjabi consonants, Panjabi pronunciation
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn what the Gurmukhi Matra is, how to use it, and how it modifies consonant pronunciation in Panjabi.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the Gurmukhi Matra in the Panjabi script, their usage, and how they modify the pronunciation of consonants. Explore the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your Panjabi language skills.
 }}
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+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
 * [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
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