Difference between revisions of "Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
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<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
== Introduction ==
__TOC__
 
Welcome to the lesson on Kazakh personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different personal pronouns in Kazakh and learn how to use them in various contexts. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they allow us to refer to ourselves and others without repeating nouns. Understanding and using personal pronouns correctly is crucial for effective communication in Kazakh.


Personal pronouns are essential in any language, and learning them is vital for basic communication. In this lesson, we will learn the Kazakh personal pronouns and how to use them in different contexts.  
Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of Kazakh personal pronouns, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of personal pronouns and discuss interesting cultural facts related to this topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Kazakh personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.


Let's begin!


<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Modal-Adverbs|Modal Adverbs]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Temporal-Adverbs|Temporal Adverbs]].</span>
== Kazakh Personal Pronouns ==
== Kazakh Personal Pronouns ==
Let's begin by looking at the personal pronouns in Kazakh:
 
Personal pronouns in Kazakh are used to refer to people or things. They can be used as subjects, objects, or possessive determiners. In Kazakh, personal pronouns change depending on the grammatical case, number, and gender. Let's take a look at the different forms of personal pronouns in Kazakh:
 
=== Singular Pronouns ===
 
In Kazakh, there are separate forms for the first, second, and third person singular pronouns. Let's see how they are used in different cases:
 
==== Nominative Case ====
 
In the nominative case, the subject form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the nominative case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Мен || Men || I
|-
| Сен || Sen || You (informal)
|-
| Сіз || Siz || You (formal)
|-
| Ол || Ol || He/She/It
|}
 
==== Accusative Case ====
 
In the accusative case, the object form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the accusative case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Мені || Meni || Me
|-
| Сені || Seni || You (informal)
|-
| Сізді || Sizdi || You (formal)
|-
| Оны || Ony || Him/Her/It
|}
 
==== Genitive Case ====
 
In the genitive case, the possessive form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the genitive case:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Менің (Meniñ) || ["me.nəŋ] || My  
| Менің || Meniñ || My
|-
|-
| Сенің (Seniñ) || ["se.nəŋ] || Your (singular informal)  
| Сенің || Seniñ || Your (informal)
|-
|-
| Оның (Onyñ) || ["o.nəŋ] || His/Her  
| Сіздің || Sizdiñ || Your (formal)
|-
| Оның || Onıñ || His/Her/Its
|}
 
=== Plural Pronouns ===
 
In Kazakh, plural pronouns are used to refer to multiple people or things. Let's see how they are used in different cases:
 
==== Nominative Case ====
 
In the nominative case, the subject form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the nominative case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Біздің (Bizdiñ) || ["biz.diŋ] || Our
| Біз || Biz || We
|-
|-
| Сендердің (Senderdiñ) || ["sen.der.diŋ] || Your (plural informal)  
| Сендер || Sender || You all (informal)
|-
|-
| Сіздердің (Sizderdiñ) || ["siz.der.diŋ] || Your (both formal and plural)  
| Сіздер || Sizder || You all (formal)
|-
|-
| Олардың (Olardyñ) || ["o.lɑr.dəŋ] || Their
| Олар || Olar || They
|}
|}


It is essential to note that in Kazakh, personal pronouns have several different forms, depending on the case they are used in. In total, there are six cases in Kazakh, and each case has a specific set of endings that are added to the pronouns to indicate case.
==== Accusative Case ====


Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case, which is the basic form:
In the accusative case, the object form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the accusative case:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Мен (Men) || [men] || I
| Бізді || Bizdi || Us
|-
|-
| Сен (Sen) || [sen] || You (singular informal)  
| Сендерді || Senderdi || You all (informal)
|-
|-
| Ол (Ol) || [ol] || He/She/It
| Сіздерді || Sizderdi || You all (formal)
|-
| Оларды || Olardy || Them
|}
 
==== Genitive Case ====
 
In the genitive case, the possessive form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the genitive case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Біз (Biz) || [biz] || We
| Біздің || Bizdiñ || Our
|-
|-
| Сендер (Sender) || [sen.der] || You (plural informal)  
| Сендердің || Senderdiñ || Your all's (informal)
|-
|-
| Сіз (Siz) || [siz] || You (both formal and plural)  
| Сіздердің || Sizderdiñ || Your all's (formal)
|-
|-
| Олар (Olar) || [o.lɑr] || They
| Олардың || Olardyñ || Their
|}
|}


We will cover the different cases in more detail in future lessons.
== Cultural Insights ==
 
In Kazakh culture, personal pronouns play a significant role in communication. Kazakh society places great emphasis on respect and formality, especially when addressing older or more senior individuals. Therefore, the use of formal pronouns, such as "Сіз" (Siz), is common when speaking to someone in a position of authority or someone older than you. It is a sign of respect and politeness.
 
In some regions of Kazakhstan, particularly in rural areas, the use of personal pronouns may differ slightly from the standard Kazakh language. Certain dialects or regional variations may have unique pronouns or different forms of pronouns. It is important to be aware of these differences if you plan to travel or interact with individuals from specific regions.
 
Interesting fact: The Kazakh language has a unique feature called "inclusive" and "exclusive" pronouns. Inclusive pronouns include the speaker and the listener, while exclusive pronouns exclude the listener. For example, "Біз" (Biz) can mean "we" inclusive (speaker and listener) or "we" exclusive (speaker and others, excluding the listener). This distinction is not present in many other languages and adds depth to the meaning of personal pronouns in Kazakh.
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice using Kazakh personal pronouns! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding:
 
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns in Kazakh.
 
1. ____ менің атым Айжан.
2. Ақмолада ____ үйіміз бар.
3. Сен ____ көрсеткен кітапты алып кетуге болады.
4. Олар мектепке келгенде, ____ досымызды көрді.
5. Сіздер ____ тапсырмаңызды орындағансыз.
 
Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Kazakh, using the appropriate personal pronouns.
 
1. He is my friend.
2. We are going to the park.
3. Are you ready?
4. They called us yesterday.
5. I saw her at the party.


== Using Personal Pronouns in Sentences ==
== Solutions ==
Now that we know the personal pronouns in Kazakh let's see how to use them in various contexts.


Here are some examples:
Exercise 1:


* Мен оған хат жаздым. (Men oğan hat jazdym.) - I wrote him a letter.
1. Менің атым Айжан.
* Сен гүлдерді өзің жинаққа салдың ба? (Sen gülderdi özіñ jinaqqa saldyñ ba?) - Did you pick the flowers by yourself?
2. Ақмолада біздің үйіміз бар.
* Оның қазақша сөйлесуі әділ аудардың ма? (Onyñ qazaqsha söyleswі ädіl аwırdyñ ma?) - Did he/she speak Kazakh fluently?
3. Сен осы кітапты алып кетуге болады.
* Біз әлі жеміс тартатын жоқпыз. (Biz älі jemіs tartatyn joqpyz.) - We haven't made the fruit tart yet.
4. Олар мектепке келгенде, бізді көрді.
* Сендер бұл іске қатыса аласыз ба? (Sender bul iske qatysa alasyz ba?) - Will you be able to participate in this work?
5. Сіздер сұрақты орындадыңыз.
* Сіздер осы жерден өткенше да өтіре аласыз. (Sizder osy jerden ötkenshe da ötire alasyz.) - You can pass through here any time you want.
* Олар кішкентайда тұрған. (Olar kіshkentayda turgan.) - They were in Kishkenatai.  


Remember, the personal pronouns used in sentences depend on the context, the case, and the subject-verb agreement.
Exercise 2:


== Practice Exercise ==
1. Ол менің достарым.
2. Біз паркке барамыз.
3. Сіз дайынсыз ба?
4. Олар бізді тағанда хабарлады.
5. Мен оны әуежайда көрдім.


Now that we have learned the basic personal pronouns in Kazakh, it's time to practice. Here are some exercises you can use to test your knowledge:
== Conclusion ==


* Complete the following sentence with the correct personal pronoun: Біз __ ойын ойнаған жоқпыз. (Biz __ oıyn oynagan joqpyz.) - We haven't played the game yet.
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about Kazakh personal pronouns and how to use them in different contexts. Personal pronouns are an essential part of Kazakh grammar and communication, allowing us to refer to ourselves and others effectively. Remember to pay attention to the grammatical case, number, and gender when using personal pronouns in Kazakh.
* Translate the following sentence into Kazakh: They can't find their keys.  
* Choose the correct form of the personal pronoun to complete the sentence: Сен жақсы мұғалімсың, маған __ көмектесе аласың ба? (Sen jaqsy muğalіmsүn, mağan __ kömekteese alasyn ba?) - You are a good teacher, can you help me?


<span class='maj'></span>
Continue practicing and incorporating personal pronouns into your conversations to become more fluent in Kazakh. In the next lesson, we will explore demonstrative pronouns and how to use them to point out and identify objects and people. Until then, keep up the great work!
==Sources==
* [https://dimash.fandom.com/wiki/Learn_Kazakh_here Learn Kazakh here | Dimash Kudaibergen Wiki | Fandom]
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kazakh.html Kazakh]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]


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|title=Kazakh Grammar → Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
|keywords=Kazakh, Pronouns, Personal Pronouns, Kazakh language, Kazakh grammar
|keywords=Kazakh grammar, personal pronouns in Kazakh, Kazakh language, Kazakh pronouns, Kazakh culture
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Kazakh personal pronouns and how to use them in different contexts.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Kazakh personal pronouns and how to use them in different contexts. Explore the various forms of personal pronouns in Kazakh and gain cultural insights related to their usage.
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[[Category:Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Sources==
* [https://dimash.fandom.com/wiki/Learn_Kazakh_here Learn Kazakh here | Dimash Kudaibergen Wiki | Fandom]
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kazakh.html Kazakh]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Possessive-Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Possessive-Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Locative-Case|Locative Case]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Locative-Case|Locative Case]]


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Latest revision as of 00:31, 19 June 2023

◀️ Accommodation and Lodging — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Demonstrative Pronouns ▶️

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Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Kazakh personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different personal pronouns in Kazakh and learn how to use them in various contexts. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they allow us to refer to ourselves and others without repeating nouns. Understanding and using personal pronouns correctly is crucial for effective communication in Kazakh.

Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of Kazakh personal pronouns, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of personal pronouns and discuss interesting cultural facts related to this topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Kazakh personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.

Let's begin!

Kazakh Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns in Kazakh are used to refer to people or things. They can be used as subjects, objects, or possessive determiners. In Kazakh, personal pronouns change depending on the grammatical case, number, and gender. Let's take a look at the different forms of personal pronouns in Kazakh:

Singular Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, there are separate forms for the first, second, and third person singular pronouns. Let's see how they are used in different cases:

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

In the nominative case, the subject form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the nominative case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Мен Men I
Сен Sen You (informal)
Сіз Siz You (formal)
Ол Ol He/She/It

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

In the accusative case, the object form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the accusative case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Мені Meni Me
Сені Seni You (informal)
Сізді Sizdi You (formal)
Оны Ony Him/Her/It

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

In the genitive case, the possessive form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the singular pronouns in the genitive case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Менің Meniñ My
Сенің Seniñ Your (informal)
Сіздің Sizdiñ Your (formal)
Оның Onıñ His/Her/Its

Plural Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, plural pronouns are used to refer to multiple people or things. Let's see how they are used in different cases:

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

In the nominative case, the subject form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the nominative case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Біз Biz We
Сендер Sender You all (informal)
Сіздер Sizder You all (formal)
Олар Olar They

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

In the accusative case, the object form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the accusative case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Бізді Bizdi Us
Сендерді Senderdi You all (informal)
Сіздерді Sizderdi You all (formal)
Оларды Olardy Them

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

In the genitive case, the possessive form of personal pronouns is used. Here are the plural pronouns in the genitive case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Біздің Bizdiñ Our
Сендердің Senderdiñ Your all's (informal)
Сіздердің Sizderdiñ Your all's (formal)
Олардың Olardyñ Their

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh culture, personal pronouns play a significant role in communication. Kazakh society places great emphasis on respect and formality, especially when addressing older or more senior individuals. Therefore, the use of formal pronouns, such as "Сіз" (Siz), is common when speaking to someone in a position of authority or someone older than you. It is a sign of respect and politeness.

In some regions of Kazakhstan, particularly in rural areas, the use of personal pronouns may differ slightly from the standard Kazakh language. Certain dialects or regional variations may have unique pronouns or different forms of pronouns. It is important to be aware of these differences if you plan to travel or interact with individuals from specific regions.

Interesting fact: The Kazakh language has a unique feature called "inclusive" and "exclusive" pronouns. Inclusive pronouns include the speaker and the listener, while exclusive pronouns exclude the listener. For example, "Біз" (Biz) can mean "we" inclusive (speaker and listener) or "we" exclusive (speaker and others, excluding the listener). This distinction is not present in many other languages and adds depth to the meaning of personal pronouns in Kazakh.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using Kazakh personal pronouns! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding:

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns in Kazakh.

1. ____ менің атым Айжан. 2. Ақмолада ____ үйіміз бар. 3. Сен ____ көрсеткен кітапты алып кетуге болады. 4. Олар мектепке келгенде, ____ досымызды көрді. 5. Сіздер ____ тапсырмаңызды орындағансыз.

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Kazakh, using the appropriate personal pronouns.

1. He is my friend. 2. We are going to the park. 3. Are you ready? 4. They called us yesterday. 5. I saw her at the party.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. Менің атым Айжан. 2. Ақмолада біздің үйіміз бар. 3. Сен осы кітапты алып кетуге болады. 4. Олар мектепке келгенде, бізді көрді. 5. Сіздер сұрақты орындадыңыз.

Exercise 2:

1. Ол менің достарым. 2. Біз паркке барамыз. 3. Сіз дайынсыз ба? 4. Олар бізді тағанда хабарлады. 5. Мен оны әуежайда көрдім.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about Kazakh personal pronouns and how to use them in different contexts. Personal pronouns are an essential part of Kazakh grammar and communication, allowing us to refer to ourselves and others effectively. Remember to pay attention to the grammatical case, number, and gender when using personal pronouns in Kazakh.

Continue practicing and incorporating personal pronouns into your conversations to become more fluent in Kazakh. In the next lesson, we will explore demonstrative pronouns and how to use them to point out and identify objects and people. Until then, keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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