Difference between revisions of "Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Attributive-and-Predicative-Adjectives"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives</div>
 
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As a Kazakh language teacher with 20 years of experience, I always stress the importance of understanding adjectives and their various functions. In this lesson, we will focus on the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh, and when to use each.
== Introduction ==
 
In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of attributive and predicative adjectives in the Kazakh language. Understanding the difference between these two types of adjectives is crucial for developing strong language skills and enhancing your ability to express yourself effectively in Kazakh. We will explore the rules and usage of attributive and predicative adjectives, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will discuss any regional variations in the usage and understanding of these adjectives, as well as share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of how to use attributive and predicative adjectives correctly in Kazakh.
 
<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Simple-Prepositions|Simple Prepositions]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns]].</span>
== What are attributive and predicative adjectives? ==
 
Simply put, attributive adjectives come before the noun they describe, while predicative adjectives come after the linking verb and describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples in Kazakh:
 
=== Attributive Adjectives ===


An attributive adjective modifies a noun and comes before it. In Kazakh, the adjective agrees in case, number, and gender with the noun that it modifies. Here are some examples:
== Attributive Adjectives ==
Attributive adjectives are used to describe or modify nouns directly. They are usually placed before the noun they modify and agree with the noun in number, gender, and case. Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of attributive adjectives in Kazakh:


=== Examples ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| үлкен кічісіз күн || ülken kichisiz kü'n || big small-free sun
| көк сөз || kök söz || blue word
|-
|-
| алтын атындағы мектеп || altyn atyndağı mektep || school in-golden name
| жас кыз || jas kız || young girl
|-
|-
| балақайсы жапсырмайтын мұз || balakaysı japsırmaytın muz || banana that-not-spoiling
| үздік кітап || üzdik kitap || interesting book
|-
| қара күн || qara küñ || black sun
|}
|}


In the examples above, the attributive adjective precedes the noun and describes its qualities.
In the examples above, the attributive adjectives "көк" (blue), "жас" (young), "үздік" (interesting), and "қара" (black) directly modify the nouns "сөз" (word), "кыз" (girl), "кітап" (book), and "күн" (sun), respectively. They agree with the nouns in number, gender, and case. It is important to note that attributive adjectives follow the noun in the genitive case.
 
=== Predicative Adjectives ===


A predicative adjective, on the other hand, is connected to the subject of the sentence via a linking verb or a copula, such as болу (to be) in Kazakh. Here are some examples:
== Predicative Adjectives ==
Predicative adjectives, on the other hand, are used to describe the subject of a sentence and are usually placed after the verb. Unlike attributive adjectives, they do not agree with the noun in number, gender, or case. Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of predicative adjectives in Kazakh:


=== Examples ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| мол жаңа || mol ja'na || honey new
| ойын шығар || oıyn şıǵar || the game is fun
|-
| осы кітап мақұл || osı kitap maqul || this book is interesting
|-
|-
| ол күн арығындағы қошбасшы || ol kü'n arığındağı qoşbaşşı || he sun in-heat driver
| ол көп || ol köp || he/she is tall
|-
|-
| көршілер азиялық || körşıler aziyalık || viewers Asian
| мен сенімдім || men senimdim || I am happy
|}
|}


In the examples above, the predicative adjective follows the linking verb and describes the qualities of the subject.
In the examples above, the predicative adjectives "шығар" (fun), "мақұл" (interesting), "көп" (tall), and "сенімдім" (happy) describe the subject of the sentence. They follow the verb and do not agree with the noun in number, gender, or case.


== When to use attributive and predicative adjectives ==
== Cultural Insights ==
In different regions of Kazakhstan, there may be slight variations in the usage and understanding of attributive and predicative adjectives. For example, in some regions, certain adjectives may be more commonly used to describe specific objects or situations. Additionally, historical factors and cultural influences have shaped the way adjectives are used in different parts of Kazakhstan. An interesting cultural fact is that Kazakh adjectives often reflect the nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh people, with many adjectives describing natural elements, landscapes, and characteristics of animals. This reflects the deep connection between the Kazakh people and their environment.


In general, attributive adjectives are used when the adjective needs to describe the noun in more detail, whereas predicative adjectives are used when we want to describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples:
== Exercises ==
Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises, and then check your answers below.


* Attributive: Қоштасы жеңіл, сондықтан сол ол келді. (The house is beautiful, so he came.)
1. Choose the correct form of the attributive adjective to complete the sentence:
* Predicative: Қош бір дос, ол мүмкіндіктер бойынша тұр. (A good friend stays by your side through the possibilities.)
  а. Қызыл ___ (ақ, қара) кітап. (The red ___ book.)
  б. Асық ___ (көк, жас) хат. (The passionate ___ letter.)
  в. Қара ___ (жас, үздік) сұлу. (The black ___ bird.)


As you can see in the examples above, attributive adjectives describe the noun (house) whereas predicative adjectives describe the subject (friend).
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the predicative adjective:
  а. Мен сенімді ___ (мақұл, ойын). (I am happy ___.)
  б. Ол ___ (көп, қызыл). (He/she is ___)
  в. Осы кітап ___ (мақұл, үздік). (This book is ___)


== Conclusion ==
=== Solutions ===
1. Choose the correct form of the attributive adjective to complete the sentence:
  а. Қызыл '''ақ''' кітап. (The red '''white''' book.)
  б. Асық '''көк''' хат. (The passionate '''blue''' letter.)
  в. Қара '''жас''' сұлу. (The black '''young''' bird.)


Understanding the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives is important for mastering the Kazakh language. I hope this lesson has been helpful in clarifying the distinction between the two types of adjectives.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the predicative adjective:
 
  а. Мен сенімді '''мақұл''' (I am happy '''interesting''').
<span class='maj'></span>
  б. Ол '''көп''' (He/she is '''tall''').
==Sources==
  в. Осы кітап '''мақұл''' (This book is '''interesting''').
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a615/0cec269bbf7344fd5c5073b85d927e61e976.pdf The Chinese and Kazakh Languages Comparative Study: Subject ...]


Congratulations on completing the exercises! You're making great progress in learning Kazakh!


<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]] & [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Locative-Case|Locative Case]].</span>
{{#seo:
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|title=Kazakh Grammar → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives
|keywords=Kazakh grammar, attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives, language learning
|keywords=Kazakh grammar, attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives, Kazakh language, Kazakh adjectives
|description=In this lesson, you will understand the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh and when to use each.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in the Kazakh language and when to use each. Explore the rules and usage of these adjectives through numerous examples and gain valuable insights into regional variations and cultural aspects related to adjectives in Kazakhstan.
}}
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==Sources==
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a615/0cec269bbf7344fd5c5073b85d927e61e976.pdf The Chinese and Kazakh Languages Comparative Study: Subject ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


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Revision as of 00:21, 19 June 2023

◀️ Friendship and Socializing — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Degrees ▶️

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Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives

Introduction

In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of attributive and predicative adjectives in the Kazakh language. Understanding the difference between these two types of adjectives is crucial for developing strong language skills and enhancing your ability to express yourself effectively in Kazakh. We will explore the rules and usage of attributive and predicative adjectives, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will discuss any regional variations in the usage and understanding of these adjectives, as well as share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of how to use attributive and predicative adjectives correctly in Kazakh.

Attributive Adjectives

Attributive adjectives are used to describe or modify nouns directly. They are usually placed before the noun they modify and agree with the noun in number, gender, and case. Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of attributive adjectives in Kazakh:

Examples

Kazakh Pronunciation English
көк сөз kök söz blue word
жас кыз jas kız young girl
үздік кітап üzdik kitap interesting book
қара күн qara küñ black sun

In the examples above, the attributive adjectives "көк" (blue), "жас" (young), "үздік" (interesting), and "қара" (black) directly modify the nouns "сөз" (word), "кыз" (girl), "кітап" (book), and "күн" (sun), respectively. They agree with the nouns in number, gender, and case. It is important to note that attributive adjectives follow the noun in the genitive case.

Predicative Adjectives

Predicative adjectives, on the other hand, are used to describe the subject of a sentence and are usually placed after the verb. Unlike attributive adjectives, they do not agree with the noun in number, gender, or case. Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of predicative adjectives in Kazakh:

Examples

Kazakh Pronunciation English
ойын шығар oıyn şıǵar the game is fun
осы кітап мақұл osı kitap maqul this book is interesting
ол көп ol köp he/she is tall
мен сенімдім men senimdim I am happy

In the examples above, the predicative adjectives "шығар" (fun), "мақұл" (interesting), "көп" (tall), and "сенімдім" (happy) describe the subject of the sentence. They follow the verb and do not agree with the noun in number, gender, or case.

Cultural Insights

In different regions of Kazakhstan, there may be slight variations in the usage and understanding of attributive and predicative adjectives. For example, in some regions, certain adjectives may be more commonly used to describe specific objects or situations. Additionally, historical factors and cultural influences have shaped the way adjectives are used in different parts of Kazakhstan. An interesting cultural fact is that Kazakh adjectives often reflect the nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh people, with many adjectives describing natural elements, landscapes, and characteristics of animals. This reflects the deep connection between the Kazakh people and their environment.

Exercises

Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises, and then check your answers below.

1. Choose the correct form of the attributive adjective to complete the sentence: 

  а. Қызыл ___ (ақ, қара) кітап. (The red ___ book.)
  б. Асық ___ (көк, жас) хат. (The passionate ___ letter.)
  в. Қара ___ (жас, үздік) сұлу. (The black ___ bird.)

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the predicative adjective: 

  а. Мен сенімді ___ (мақұл, ойын). (I am happy ___.)
  б. Ол ___ (көп, қызыл). (He/she is ___)
  в. Осы кітап ___ (мақұл, үздік). (This book is ___)

Solutions

1. Choose the correct form of the attributive adjective to complete the sentence: 

  а. Қызыл ақ кітап. (The red white book.)
  б. Асық көк хат. (The passionate blue letter.)
  в. Қара жас сұлу. (The black young bird.)

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the predicative adjective: 

  а. Мен сенімді мақұл (I am happy interesting).
  б. Ол көп (He/she is tall).
  в. Осы кітап мақұл (This book is interesting).

Congratulations on completing the exercises! You're making great progress in learning Kazakh!

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment


Sources



Other Lessons



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