Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Formation-and-usage"

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◀️ Differences from the active voice — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Differences from English relative clauses ▶️

Standard Arabic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Passive voice in Arabic → Formation and usage

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on the passive voice in Arabic! In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the passive voice in Arabic. The passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is an important grammatical structure that will greatly enhance your Arabic language skills. So, let's dive in and explore the formation and usage of the passive voice in Arabic!

Formation of the Passive Voice

In Arabic, the passive voice is formed by using a specific verb pattern, known as "مَبِيْن" (mabīn). This pattern consists of a root or base verb followed by a set of specific letters that indicate the passive voice. The pattern for the passive voice is as follows:

مَبِيْن + Root letters

Let's take a look at an example to understand this better. The verb "كَتَبَ" (kataba) means "to write" in Arabic. To form its passive voice, we add the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters:

مُكْتَبَ + Root letters

The resulting verb "مُكْتَبَ" (muktaba) means "to be written" in English. As you can see, the passive voice is formed by adding the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb.

Let's practice forming the passive voice with a few more examples:

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
كَتَبَ	kataba	to write
مُكْتَبَ	muktaba	to be written

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
قَرَأَ	qara'a	to read
مُقْرَأَ	muqra'a	to be read

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
فَهِمَ	fahima	to understand
مُفْهَمَ	mufhama	to be understood

As you can see from the examples, the passive voice is formed by adding the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb.

Usage of the Passive Voice

Now that we have learned how to form the passive voice in Arabic, let's explore its usage. The passive voice is used in Arabic to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is commonly used in the following situations:

1. When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant:

مُكْتَبَ الرَسَالَةُ. (Muktiba al-rasālahu) The letter was written.

In this example, the focus is on the fact that the letter was written, rather than who wrote it.

2. When the doer of the action is obvious or implied:

تُحَبَّ اللَّغَةُ العَرَبِيَّةُ. (Tuḥabbal-lughatu al-'arabiyyatu) Arabic language is loved.

Here, it is implied that people love the Arabic language.

3. When the speaker wants to be more polite or formal:

يُنْظَفُ البَيْتُ يَوْمِيًّا. (Yunẓafu al-baytu yawmiyyan) The house is cleaned daily.

Using the passive voice in this context adds a sense of formality and politeness to the sentence.

4. When the doer of the action is known but not mentioned:

تُحْبَبُ القِرَاءَةُ فِي الكُتُبِ. (Tuḥbabu al-qirā'atu fī al-kutubi) Reading is loved in books.

Here, the focus is on the act of reading, rather than who loves it.

Differences from the Active Voice

The passive voice in Arabic differs from the active voice in several ways. Let's explore some of these differences:

1. Sentence structure:

In the active voice, the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action, while the object receives the action. However, in the passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action, while the doer of the action is either not mentioned or introduced with the preposition "مِنْ" (min) meaning "by" or "from".

Active voice example: أَحْمَدُ يَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Aḥmadu yaktubu ar-risālah) Ahmad writes the letter.

Passive voice example: الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ مِنْ أَحْمَدٍ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu min Aḥmadin) The letter is written by Ahmad.

2. Verb form:

In the active voice, the verb is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. However, in the passive voice, the verb is conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, which receives the action. The verb form for the passive voice is known as "مَبْنِيْ لِلْمَجْهُولِ" (mabnī lilmajhūl), meaning "passive verb form".

Active voice example: أَنَا أَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Anā aktubu ar-risālah) I write the letter.

Passive voice example: الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu) The letter is written.

3. Focus:

In the active voice, the focus is on the doer of the action, while in the passive voice, the focus is on the receiver of the action. This difference in focus changes the overall meaning and emphasis of the sentence.

Active voice example: أَحْمَدُ يَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Aḥmadu yaktubu ar-risālah) Ahmad writes the letter.

Passive voice example: الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu) The letter is written.

In the active voice, the focus is on Ahmad as the doer of the action. However, in the passive voice, the focus is on the letter as the receiver of the action.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the passive voice in Arabic. Remember that the passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is formed by using the specific verb pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb. The passive voice differs from the active voice in terms of sentence structure, verb form, and focus. Keep practicing and incorporating the passive voice into your Arabic language skills. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Standard Arabic Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Introduction to Arabic script

Nouns and gender in Arabic

Verbs and conjugation in Arabic

Numbers and counting in Arabic

Everyday Arabic vocabulary

Food and drink vocabulary

Arabic customs and traditions

Arabic music and entertainment

Adjectives in Arabic

Pronouns in Arabic

Prepositions in Arabic

Interrogatives in Arabic

Adverbs in Arabic

Transportation vocabulary

Shopping and money vocabulary

Arabic literature and poetry

Arabic calligraphy and art

Weather vocabulary

Conditional sentences in Arabic

Passive voice in Arabic

Relative clauses in Arabic

Arabic adjectives and nouns

Arabic cinema and TV

Arabic fashion and beauty

Sports and leisure vocabulary

Other Lessons

◀️ Differences from the active voice — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Differences from English relative clauses ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
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 {{Standard-arabic-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-arabic|Standard Arabic]]  → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Passive voice in Arabic → Formation and usage</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Arabic Grammar →  → Formation and usage</div>
+__TOC__
-__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
-Standard Arabic is the modern version of Classical Arabic, which was first used in the 7th century. While it is primarily used in the Middle East and North Africa, it is also an official language of the United Nations.
+Welcome to the lesson on the passive voice in Arabic! In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the passive voice in Arabic. The passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is an important grammatical structure that will greatly enhance your Arabic language skills. So, let's dive in and explore the formation and usage of the passive voice in Arabic!
-In this lesson, we will learn about the formation and usage of Standard Arabic.
+== Formation of the Passive Voice ==
+In Arabic, the passive voice is formed by using a specific verb pattern, known as "مَبِيْن" (mabīn). This pattern consists of a root or base verb followed by a set of specific letters that indicate the passive voice. The pattern for the passive voice is as follows:
-<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Definite-and-indefinite-articles|Definite and indefinite articles]] & [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
+مَبِيْن + Root letters
-== Nouns ==
-In Standard Arabic, nouns are either masculine or feminine, and the gender of the noun determines the form of the articles, adjectives, and verbs used with it. Generally, nouns that refer to males and animals are masculine, while nouns that refer to females and objects are feminine.
+Let's take a look at an example to understand this better. The verb "كَتَبَ" (kataba) means "to write" in Arabic. To form its passive voice, we add the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters:
-=== Definite and indefinite articles ===
+مُكْتَبَ + Root letters
-The definite article in Standard Arabic is "الـ" (al-), and it is used before nouns to indicate a specific noun. The indefinite article in Standard Arabic is "ـاً" (-an/-un), and it is used before nouns to indicate a non-specific noun.
+The resulting verb "مُكْتَبَ" (muktaba) means "to be written" in English. As you can see, the passive voice is formed by adding the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb.
-For example:
+Let's practice forming the passive voice with a few more examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| الكتاب || al-kitaab || the book
+| كَتَبَ || kataba || to write
 |-
-| كتاباً || kitaaban || a book
+| مُكْتَبَ || muktaba || to be written
 |}
-Note that the indefinite article follows the noun, and that it takes different forms depending on the gender of the noun.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
-=== Masculine and feminine nouns ===
+|-
+| قَرَأَ || qara'a || to read
-Masculine nouns in Standard Arabic usually end with a consonant, while feminine nouns usually end with the vowel "-a". However, there are exceptions to these rules.
+|-
+| مُقْرَأَ || muqra'a || to be read
-For example:
+|}
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| رجل || rajul || man
+| فَهِمَ || fahima || to understand
 |-
-| امرأة || imra'ah || woman
+| مُفْهَمَ || mufhama || to be understood
 |}
-In addition, there are a number of irregular nouns that do not follow these rules and must be memorized.
+As you can see from the examples, the passive voice is formed by adding the pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb.
+== Usage of the Passive Voice ==
+Now that we have learned how to form the passive voice in Arabic, let's explore its usage. The passive voice is used in Arabic to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is commonly used in the following situations:
+. When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant:
+مُكْتَبَ الرَسَالَةُ. (Muktiba al-rasālahu)
+The letter was written.
+In this example, the focus is on the fact that the letter was written, rather than who wrote it.
-== Verbs ==
+. When the doer of the action is obvious or implied:
-In Standard Arabic, verbs have two main conjugations: past and present. Verbs also have different conjugations depending on the subject pronoun used.
+تُحَبَّ اللَّغَةُ العَرَبِيَّةُ. (Tuḥabbal-lughatu al-'arabiyyatu)
+Arabic language is loved.
-=== Present tense conjugation ===
+Here, it is implied that people love the Arabic language.
-The present tense in Standard Arabic is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb depending on the subject pronoun used. The table below shows the present tense conjugation for the verb "يَكْتُبُ" (yaktubu - to write):
+. When the speaker wants to be more polite or formal:
-{| class="wikitable"
+يُنْظَفُ البَيْتُ يَوْمِيًّا. (Yunẓafu al-baytu yawmiyyan)
-! Subject pronoun !! Present tense suffix !! Complete conjugated verb
+The house is cleaned daily.
-|-
-| أنا || -ُ || يَكْتُبُ
+Using the passive voice in this context adds a sense of formality and politeness to the sentence.
-|-
-| أنتَ || -ُ || تَكْتُبُ
+. When the doer of the action is known but not mentioned:
-|-
-| هُوَ || -ُ || يَكْتُبُ
+تُحْبَبُ القِرَاءَةُ فِي الكُتُبِ. (Tuḥbabu al-qirā'atu fī al-kutubi)
-|-
+Reading is loved in books.
-| هِيَ || -ُ || تَكْتُبُ
-|-
+Here, the focus is on the act of reading, rather than who loves it.
-| نَحْنُ || -ُونَ || نَكْتُبُ
-|-
+== Differences from the Active Voice ==
-| أَنْتُمْ || -ونَ || تَكْتُبُونَ
-|-
+The passive voice in Arabic differs from the active voice in several ways. Let's explore some of these differences:
-| هُمْ || -ُونَ || يَكْتُبُونَ
-|}
+. Sentence structure:
-Note that the present tense suffixes follow a consistent pattern, with "-ُ" used for the first person singular, second person singular, and third person masculine singular; "-ُونَ" used for the first person plural; and "-ونَ" used for the second and third person masculine plural and the third person feminine plural.
+In the active voice, the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action, while the object receives the action. However, in the passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action, while the doer of the action is either not mentioned or introduced with the preposition "مِنْ" (min) meaning "by" or "from".
-=== Past tense conjugation ===
+Active voice example:
+أَحْمَدُ يَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Aḥmadu yaktubu ar-risālah)
+Ahmad writes the letter.
-The past tense in Standard Arabic is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb depending on the subject pronoun used. The table below shows the past tense conjugation for the verb "كَتَبَ" (kataba - to write):
+Passive voice example:
+الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ مِنْ أَحْمَدٍ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu min Aḥmadin)
+The letter is written by Ahmad.
-{| class="wikitable"
+. Verb form:
-! Subject pronoun !! Past tense suffix !! Complete conjugated verb
-|-
-| أنا || -تُ || كَتَبْتُ
-|-
-| أنتَ || -تَ || كَتَبْتَ
-|-
-| هُوَ || -َ || كَتَبَ
-|-
-| هِيَ || -َتْ || كَتَبَتْ
-|-
-| نَحْنُ || -نَا || كَتَبْنَا
-|-
-| أَنْتُمْ || -تُمْ || كَتَبْتُمْ
-|-
-| هُمْ || -وا || كَتَبُوا
-|}
-Note that the past tense suffixes follow a consistent pattern, with "-تُ" used for the first person singular, "-تَ" used for the second person singular masculine and feminine, "-َ" used for the third person masculine singular, "-َتْ" used for the third person feminine singular, "-نَا" used for the first person plural, "-تُمْ" used for the second person plural, and "-وا" used for the third person plural.
+In the active voice, the verb is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. However, in the passive voice, the verb is conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, which receives the action. The verb form for the passive voice is known as "مَبْنِيْ لِلْمَجْهُولِ" (mabnī lilmajhūl), meaning "passive verb form".
-=== Future tense conjugation ===
+Active voice example:
+أَنَا أَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Anā aktubu ar-risālah)
+I write the letter.
-The future tense in Standard Arabic is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb depending on the subject pronoun used. The table below shows the future tense conjugation for the verb "سَوْفَ يَكْتُبُ" (sawfa yaktubu - will write):
+Passive voice example:
+الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu)
+The letter is written.
-{| class="wikitable"
+. Focus:
-! Subject pronoun !! Future tense suffix !! Complete conjugated verb
-|-
-| أَنَا || سَـأُ || سَـأَكْتُبُ
-|-
-| أَنْتَ || سَـتَ || سَـتَكْتُبُ
-|-
-| هُوَ || سَـيَ || سَـيَكْتُبُ
-|-
-| هِيَ || سَـتَ || سَـتَكْتُبُ
-|-
-| نَحْنُ || سَـنَــُ || سَـنَــكْتُبُ
-|-
-| أَنْتُمْ || سَـتُــواْ || سَـتُــكْتُبُواْ
-|-
-| هُمْ || سَـيُـواْ || سَـيُــكْتُبُواْ
-|}
-Note that the future tense suffixes follow a consistent pattern, with "سَـأُ" used for the first person singular, "سَـتَ" used for the second person singular masculine and feminine and third person feminine singular, "سَـيَ" used for the third person masculine singular, "سَـنَــُ" used for the first person plural, "سَـتُــواْ" used for the second person plural, and "سَـيُـواْ" used for the third person plural.
+In the active voice, the focus is on the doer of the action, while in the passive voice, the focus is on the receiver of the action. This difference in focus changes the overall meaning and emphasis of the sentence.
-== Adjectives ==
+Active voice example:
+أَحْمَدُ يَكْتُبُ الرِّسَالَةَ. (Aḥmadu yaktubu ar-risālah)
+Ahmad writes the letter.
-In Standard Arabic, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Adjectives usually follow the noun they modify.
+Passive voice example:
+الرِّسَالَةُ تُكْتَبُ. (Ar-risālahu tuktabu)
+The letter is written.
-=== Adjective agreement and placement ===
+In the active voice, the focus is on Ahmad as the doer of the action. However, in the passive voice, the focus is on the letter as the receiver of the action.
-Adjectives in Standard Arabic have three forms: masculine singular, feminine singular, and plural (which is the same for both masculine and feminine). The placement of adjectives in a sentence depends on the emphasis and the style of the sentence. Adjectives can be placed before or after the noun they modify.
+== Conclusion ==
-For example:
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the passive voice in Arabic. Remember that the passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is formed by using the specific verb pattern "مَبِيْن" (mabīn) before the root letters of the verb. The passive voice differs from the active voice in terms of sentence structure, verb form, and focus. Keep practicing and incorporating the passive voice into your Arabic language skills. Happy learning!
-{| class="wikitable"
+{{#seo:
-! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
+|title=Standard Arabic Grammar → Passive voice in Arabic → Formation and usage
-|-
+|keywords=Arabic grammar, passive voice in Arabic, formation of passive voice, usage of passive voice, differences from active voice, Arabic language skills
-| كِتَابٌ حَمَرَاءُ || kitaabun hamaaraau || a red book
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the passive voice in Arabic. The passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action. It is an important grammatical structure that will greatly enhance your Arabic language skills.
-|-
+}}
-| بَيْتٌ كَبِيرٌ ||
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+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
 * [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Basic-Arabic-phrases|Basic Arabic phrases]]
 {{Standard-arabic-Page-Bottom}}
-{{Standard-arabic-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
-[[Category:Course]]
-[[Category:Standard-arabic-Course]]
-[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
-[[Category:Standard-arabic-0-to-A1-Course]]
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