Difference between revisions of "Language/French/Grammar/Object-pronouns-in-coordinated-clauses"
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[[File:French-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | [[File:French-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | ||
<div | <div class="pg_page_title"> Object pronouns in coordinated clauses</div> | ||
When clauses containing unstressed object pronouns are coordinated by et or ou, it is normally necessary to repeat the pronoun in the second clause: | When clauses containing unstressed object pronouns are coordinated by et or ou, it is normally necessary to repeat the pronoun in the second clause: | ||
*Cela m'agace et m'ennuie | *Cela m'agace et m'ennuie | ||
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*Elle l'a aidé et lui a donné de l'argent | *Elle l'a aidé et lui a donné de l'argent | ||
She helped him and gave him money | She helped him and gave him money | ||
However, where the two pronouns are identical in form and attached to an auxiliary (avoir or être), the second pronoun and auxiliary may be deleted together: | However, where the two pronouns are identical in form and attached to an auxiliary (avoir or être), the second pronoun and auxiliary may be deleted together: | ||
*Je les ai préconisés et proposés | *Je les ai préconisés et proposés | ||
The pronouns must be identical, however, and both the pronoun and the auxiliary must be deleted together. Hence the following are impossible: | The pronouns must be identical, however, and both the pronoun and the auxiliary must be deleted together. Hence the following are impossible: | ||
*NOT *Je les ai préconisés et ai proposés | *NOT *Je les ai préconisés et ai proposés | ||
*NOT *Cela m'agace et ennuie | *NOT *Cela m'agace et ennuie | ||
*NOT *Elle l'a aidé et donné de l'argent | *NOT *Elle l'a aidé et donné de l'argent | ||
In this last example it is not so much that the pronouns have different functions (le being a direct object and lui an indirect object), as that they differ in their surface forms. In the following example the first me is a direct object and the second me an indirect object, but the second me can be deleted with the auxiliary because the two me's are identical in surface form: | In this last example it is not so much that the pronouns have different functions (le being a direct object and lui an indirect object), as that they differ in their surface forms. In the following example the first me is a direct object and the second me an indirect object, but the second me can be deleted with the auxiliary because the two me's are identical in surface form: | ||
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*Elle m'a aidé et donné de l'argent | *Elle m'a aidé et donné de l'argent | ||
== | <span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons:</span> [[Language/French/Grammar/Possessive-determiners|Possessive determiners]], [[Language/French/Grammar/Omission-of-the-article|Omission of the article]], [[Language/French/Grammar/Directly-transitive-verbs-take-the-auxiliary-“avoir”|Directly transitive verbs take the auxiliary “avoir”]] & [[Language/French/Grammar/The-attitude-of-the-subject-to-events-the-subjunctive|The attitude of the subject to events the subjunctive]]. | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Meaning-of-alors|Meaning of alors]] | * [[Language/French/Grammar/Meaning-of-alors|Meaning of alors]] | ||
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Active-Voice-and-Passive-Voice|Active Voice and Passive Voice]] | * [[Language/French/Grammar/Active-Voice-and-Passive-Voice|Active Voice and Passive Voice]] | ||
| Line 42: | Line 38: | ||
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Verbs-whose-stems-end-in-c—-or-g—|Verbs whose stems end in c— or g—]] | * [[Language/French/Grammar/Verbs-whose-stems-end-in-c—-or-g—|Verbs whose stems end in c— or g—]] | ||
* [[Language/French/Grammar/«-d'autres-»-VS-«-des-autres-»|« d'autres » VS « des autres »]] | * [[Language/French/Grammar/«-d'autres-»-VS-«-des-autres-»|« d'autres » VS « des autres »]] | ||
<span links></span> | |||
Latest revision as of 13:55, 27 March 2023
Object pronouns in coordinated clauses
When clauses containing unstressed object pronouns are coordinated by et or ou, it is normally necessary to repeat the pronoun in the second clause:
- Cela m'agace et m'ennuie
That irritates and bores me
- Je les ai préconisés et les ai proposés
7 advocated and proposed them
- Elle l'a aidé et lui a donné de l'argent
She helped him and gave him money
However, where the two pronouns are identical in form and attached to an auxiliary (avoir or être), the second pronoun and auxiliary may be deleted together:
- Je les ai préconisés et proposés
The pronouns must be identical, however, and both the pronoun and the auxiliary must be deleted together. Hence the following are impossible:
- NOT *Je les ai préconisés et ai proposés
- NOT *Cela m'agace et ennuie
- NOT *Elle l'a aidé et donné de l'argent
In this last example it is not so much that the pronouns have different functions (le being a direct object and lui an indirect object), as that they differ in their surface forms. In the following example the first me is a direct object and the second me an indirect object, but the second me can be deleted with the auxiliary because the two me's are identical in surface form:
- Elle m'a aidé et m'a donné de l'argent
- Elle m'a aidé et donné de l'argent
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Possessive determiners, Omission of the article, Directly transitive verbs take the auxiliary “avoir” & The attitude of the subject to events the subjunctive.
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Meaning of alors
- Active Voice and Passive Voice
- Typical use of demonstrative determiners
- Pronominal verbs without a reflexive interpretation
- Nouns which have the same spoken form but two different written forms
- Omission of the article in participle + noun constructions linked by de
- Non agreement of direct object numerals with coûter, peser and mesurer
- Subject–Verb Agreement
- Quantifiers and personal pronouns
- Compare numbers
- Summary table of subject pronouns
- Imperative mood
- Verbs whose stems end in c— or g—
- « d'autres » VS « des autres »