Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Logic"
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 逻辑学 || | | 逻辑学 || | ||
| luóji xué || | | luóji xué || | ||
| Logik [f] || | | Logik [f] || | ||
| logic || | |||
| logique [f] || | | logique [f] || | ||
| 論理学 || | | 論理学 || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 形式逻辑 || | | 形式逻辑 || | ||
| xíngshì luóji || | | xíngshì luóji || | ||
| formale Logik || | | formale Logik || | ||
| formal logic || | |||
| logique formelle || | | logique formelle || | ||
| 形式論理 || | | 形式論理 || | ||
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| форма́льная ло́гика || | | форма́льная ло́гика || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 经典逻辑,标准逻辑 || | | 经典逻辑,标准逻辑 || | ||
| jǐngdiǎn luóji, biǎozhǔn luóji || | | jǐngdiǎn luóji, biǎozhǔn luóji || | ||
| | | klassische Logik || | ||
| classical logic, standard logic || | |||
| logique [f] classique || | | logique [f] classique || | ||
| 古典論理,標準論理 || | | 古典論理,標準論理 || | ||
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| класси́ческая ло́гика || | | класси́ческая ло́гика || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 非经典逻辑,替代逻辑 || | | 非经典逻辑,替代逻辑 || | ||
| fēi jīngdiǎn luóji, tìdài luóji || | | fēi jīngdiǎn luóji, tìdài luóji || | ||
| nichtklassische Logik || | | nichtklassische Logik || | ||
| non-classical logic, alternative logic || | |||
| logique [f] non classique || | | logique [f] non classique || | ||
| 非古典論理 || | | 非古典論理 || | ||
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| некласси́ческие ло́гики || | | некласси́ческие ло́гики || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 非形式逻辑 || | | 非形式逻辑 || | ||
| fēi xíngshì luóji || | | fēi xíngshì luóji || | ||
| informelle Logik || | | informelle Logik || | ||
| informal logic || | |||
| logique informelle || | | logique informelle || | ||
| 非形式論理 || | | 非形式論理 || | ||
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=== Formal Logic === | === Formal Logic === | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 矛盾 || | | 矛盾 || | ||
| máodùn || | | máodùn || | ||
| Kontradiktion [f] || | | Kontradiktion [f] || | ||
| contradiction || proposition | |||
| contradiction [f], antilogie [f] || | | contradiction [f], antilogie [f] || | ||
| 矛盾 || | | 矛盾 || | ||
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| противоре́чие || | | противоре́чие || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 解释 || | | 解释 || | ||
| jiěshì || | | jiěshì || | ||
| Interpretation [f] || | | Interpretation [f] || | ||
| interpretation || symbol; formal language | |||
| interprétation [f] || | | interprétation [f] || | ||
| 解釈 || | | 解釈 || | ||
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| толкова́ние || | | толкова́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 形式语言 || | | 形式语言 || | ||
| xíngshì yǔyán || | | xíngshì yǔyán || | ||
| formale Sprache || | | formale Sprache || | ||
| formal language || | |||
| langage formel || | | langage formel || | ||
| 形式言語 || | | 形式言語 || | ||
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| форма́льный язы́к || | | форма́льный язы́к || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 必要条件 || | | 必要条件 || | ||
| bìyào tiáojiàn || | | bìyào tiáojiàn || | ||
| notwendige Bedingung || | | notwendige Bedingung || | ||
| necessary condition || necessity | |||
| condition nécessaire || | | condition nécessaire || | ||
| 必要条件 || | | 必要条件 || | ||
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| необходи́мое усло́вие || | | необходи́мое усло́вие || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 充分必要条件 || | | 充分必要条件 || | ||
| chōngfèn bìyào tiáojiàn || | | chōngfèn bìyào tiáojiàn || | ||
| notwendige und hinreichende Bedingung || | | notwendige und hinreichende Bedingung || | ||
| necessary and sufficient condition || sufficiency | |||
| condition nécessaire et suffisante || | | condition nécessaire et suffisante || | ||
| 必要十分条件 || | | 必要十分条件 || | ||
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| необходи́мое усло́вие и доста́точное усло́вие || | | необходи́мое усло́вие и доста́точное усло́вие || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 必要性 || | | 必要性 || | ||
| bìyào xìng || | | bìyào xìng || | ||
| Notwendigkeit [f] || | | Notwendigkeit [f] || | ||
| necessity || statement; material implimentation | |||
| nécessité [f] || | | nécessité [f] || | ||
| 必要性 || | | 必要性 || | ||
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| необходи́мость || | | необходи́мость || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 充分性 || | | 充分性 || | ||
| chōngfèn xìng || | | chōngfèn xìng || | ||
| Hinlänglichkeit [f] || | | Hinlänglichkeit [f] || | ||
| sufficiency || statement; material implimentation | |||
| suffisance [f] || | | suffisance [f] || | ||
| 十分性 || | | 十分性 || | ||
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| доста́точность || | | доста́точность || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 充分条件 || | | 充分条件 || | ||
| chōngfèn tiáojiàn || | | chōngfèn tiáojiàn || | ||
| hinreichende Bedingung || | | hinreichende Bedingung || | ||
| sufficient condition || sufficiency | |||
| condition suffisante || | | condition suffisante || | ||
| 十分条件 || | | 十分条件 || | ||
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| доста́точное усло́вие || | | доста́точное усло́вие || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| syntax || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| syntaxe [f] || | | syntaxe [f] || | ||
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| си́нтаксис || | | си́нтаксис || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 恒真式 || | | 恒真式 || | ||
| héngzhēn shì || | | héngzhēn shì || | ||
| Tautologie [f] || | | Tautologie [f] || | ||
| tautology || well-formed formula | |||
| tautologie [f] || | | tautologie [f] || | ||
| 恒真式,トートロジー || | | 恒真式,トートロジー || | ||
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==== Classical Logic ==== | ==== Classical Logic ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 前件 || | | 前件 || | ||
| qián jiàn || | | qián jiàn || | ||
| Antezedens [n] || | | Antezedens [n] || | ||
| antecedent || hypothesis; proposition | |||
| antécédent [m] || | | antécédent [m] || | ||
| 前件 || | | 前件 || | ||
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| антецеде́нт || | | антецеде́нт || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 后件 || | | 后件 || | ||
| hòu jiàn || | | hòu jiàn || | ||
| Sukzedens [n] || | | Sukzedens [n] || | ||
| consequent || hypothesis; proposition | |||
| conséquent [m] || | | conséquent [m] || | ||
| 後件 || | | 後件 || | ||
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| сле́дствие, консекве́нт || | | сле́дствие, консекве́нт || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 解释 || | | 解释 || | ||
| jiěshì || | | jiěshì || | ||
| Erklärung [f] || | | Erklärung [f] || | ||
| explanation || statement; description; causality; logical consequence | |||
| explication [f] || | | explication [f] || | ||
| 説明 || | | 説明 || | ||
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| объясне́ние || | | объясне́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 假说 || | | 假说 || | ||
| jiǎshō || | | jiǎshō || | ||
| Hypothese [f] || | | Hypothese [f] || | ||
| hypothesis [pl:hypotheses] || explanation; phenomenon | |||
| hypothèse [f] || | | hypothèse [f] || | ||
| 仮説 || | | 仮説 || | ||
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| гипо́теза || | | гипо́теза || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 蕴涵 || | | 蕴涵 || | ||
| yùnhán || | | yùnhán || | ||
| Implikation [f] || | | Implikation [f] || | ||
| logical consequence, entailment || statement | |||
| déduction [f] logique || | | déduction [f] logique || | ||
| 論理的帰結 || | | 論理的帰結 || | ||
| | | ろ↑んりてき↓き↑けつ || | ||
| умозаключе́ние || | | умозаключе́ние || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 现象 || | | 现象 || | ||
| xiànxiàng || | | xiànxiàng || | ||
| Phänomen [n] || | | Phänomen [n] || | ||
| phenomenon [pl:phenomena] || | |||
| phénomène [m] || | | phénomène [m] || | ||
| 現象 || | | 現象 || | ||
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| фено́мен || | | фено́мен || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 前提 || | | 前提 || | ||
| qiántí || | | qiántí || | ||
| Prämisse [f], Vordersatz [m] || | | Prämisse [f], Vordersatz [m] || | ||
| premise, premiss || argument; logical consequence | |||
| prémisse [f] || | | prémisse [f] || | ||
| 前提 || | | 前提 || | ||
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| посы́лка || | | посы́лка || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 充足理由律 || | | 充足理由律 || | ||
| chōngzú lǐyóu lǜ || | | chōngzú lǐyóu lǜ || | ||
| Satz [m] vom zureichenden Grund || | | Satz [m] vom zureichenden Grund [m] || | ||
| principle of sufficient reason || reason; causality | |||
| principe [f] de raison suffisante || | | principe [f] de raison suffisante || | ||
| 充足理由律 || | | 充足理由律 || | ||
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| зако́н доста́точного основа́ния || | | зако́н доста́точного основа́ния || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 命题 || | | 命题 || | ||
| mìngtí || | | mìngtí || | ||
| Aussage [f] || | | Aussage [f] || | ||
| proposition || | |||
| proposition [f] || | | proposition [f] || | ||
| 命題 || | | 命題 || | ||
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| пропози́ция || | | пропози́ция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 可靠性 || | | 可靠性 || | ||
| kěkào xìng || | | kěkào xìng || | ||
| Korrektheit [f] || | | Korrektheit [f] || | ||
| soundness || validity | |||
| correction [f] || | | correction [f] || | ||
| 健全性 || | | 健全性 || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 有效性 || | | 有效性 || | ||
| yǒuxiào xìng || | | yǒuxiào xìng || | ||
| Allgemeingültigkeit [f] || | | Allgemeingültigkeit [f] || | ||
| validity || premise; tautology | |||
| validité [f] || | | validité [f] || | ||
| 妥当性 || | | 妥当性 || | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ law of thought | |+ law of thought | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 思维规律,思考规律 || | | 思维规律,思考规律 || | ||
| sīwéi guǐlǜ, sīkǎo guīlǜ || | | sīwéi guǐlǜ, sīkǎo guīlǜ || | ||
| Denkgesetz [n] || | | Denkgesetz [n] || | ||
| law of thought || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| 思考の原理 || | | 思考の原理 || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 同一律 || | | 同一律 || | ||
| tóngyī lǜ || | | tóngyī lǜ || | ||
| Identitätsprinzip [n] || | | Identitätsprinzip [n] || | ||
| law of identity, principle of identity || | |||
| principe [m] d'identité || | | principe [m] d'identité || | ||
| 同一律,同一原理 || | | 同一律,同一原理 || | ||
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| зако́н то́ждества || | | зако́н то́ждества || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 无矛盾律,矛盾律 || | | 无矛盾律,矛盾律 || | ||
| wú máodùn lǜ, máodùn lǜ || | | wú máodùn lǜ, máodùn lǜ || | ||
| Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Widerspruch, Satz [m] vom Widerspruch || | | Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Widerspruch, Satz [m] vom Widerspruch || | ||
| law of non-contradiction, principle of non-contradiction, law of contradiction, principle of contradiction || | |||
| principe [m] de non-contradiction, principe [m] de contradiction || | | principe [m] de non-contradiction, principe [m] de contradiction || | ||
| 無矛盾律,矛盾律 || | | 無矛盾律,矛盾律 || | ||
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| зако́н непротиворечия, зако́н противоречия || | | зако́н непротиворечия, зако́н противоречия || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 排中律 || | | 排中律 || | ||
| páizhōng lǜ || | | páizhōng lǜ || | ||
| Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Dritten || | | Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Dritten || | ||
| law of excluded middle, principle of excluded middle, law of the excluded third, principle of the excluded third || | |||
| principe [m] du tiers exclu || | | principe [m] du tiers exclu || | ||
| 排中律 || | | 排中律 || | ||
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===== Propositional Calculus ===== | ===== Propositional Calculus ===== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| logical operation || binary operation; well-formed formula | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ logical connective | |+ logical connective | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 逻辑运算符,逻辑联结词 || | | 逻辑运算符,逻辑联结词 || | ||
| luóji yùnsuàn fú, luóji liánjié cí || | | luóji yùnsuàn fú, luóji liánjié cí || | ||
| Logische Verknüpfung || | | Logische Verknüpfung || | ||
| logical connective, logical operator, sentential connective, sentential operator || logical operation | |||
| connecteur [m] logique || | | connecteur [m] logique || | ||
| 論理演算子,論理結合子 || | | 論理演算子,論理結合子 || | ||
Line 459: | Line 459: | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 谢费尔竖线 || | | 谢费尔竖线 || | ||
| Xièfèi'ěr shùxiàn || | | Xièfèi'ěr shùxiàn || | ||
| shefferscher Strich || | | shefferscher Strich || | ||
| alternative denial, Sheffer stroke || negation; conjunction | |||
| barre [f] de Sheffer || | | barre [f] de Sheffer || | ||
| 否定論理積,シェファーの棒記号 || | | 否定論理積,シェファーの棒記号 || | ||
Line 468: | Line 468: | ||
| штрих Ше́ффера || | | штрих Ше́ффера || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 合取,与 || | | 合取,与 || | ||
| héqǔ, yǔ || | | héqǔ, yǔ || | ||
| Konjunktion [f] || | | Konjunktion [f] || | ||
| conjunction || set <mathematical logic> | |||
| conjonction [f] || | | conjonction [f] || | ||
| 論理積 || | | 論理積 || | ||
Line 477: | Line 477: | ||
| конъю́нкция || | | конъю́нкция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 逆 || | | 逆 || | ||
| nì || | | nì || | ||
| Gegenteil [n] || | | Gegenteil [n] || | ||
| converse || statement | |||
| implication [f] réciproque || | | implication [f] réciproque || | ||
| 逆 || | | 逆 || | ||
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| обра́тная теоре́ма || | | обра́тная теоре́ма || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 析取,或 || | | 析取,或 || | ||
| xīqǔ, huò || | | xīqǔ, huò || | ||
| Disjunktion || | | Disjunktion [f] || | ||
| disjunction || set <mathematical logic> | |||
| disjonction [f] || | | disjonction [f] || | ||
| 論理和 || | | 論理和 || | ||
Line 495: | Line 495: | ||
| дизъю́нкция || | | дизъю́нкция || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 互斥或,异或 || | | 互斥或,异或 || | ||
| hùchì huò, yì huò || | | hùchì huò, yì huò || | ||
| Kontravalenz [f], ausschließende Disjunktion, Antivalenz [f], Kontrajunktion [f], Alternation [f] || | | Kontravalenz [f], ausschließende Disjunktion, Antivalenz [f], Kontrajunktion [f], Alternation [f] || | ||
| exclusive disjunction, exclusive or || | |||
| disjonction exclusive, ou exclusif || | | disjonction exclusive, ou exclusif || | ||
| 排他的論理和 || | | 排他的論理和 || | ||
Line 504: | Line 504: | ||
| исключа́ющее «или» || | | исключа́ющее «или» || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 或非 || | | 或非 || | ||
| huò fēi || | | huò fēi || | ||
| NICHT-ODER-Gatter [n], Peirce-Funktion [f] || | | NICHT-ODER-Gatter [n], Peirce-Funktion [f] || | ||
| joint denial || | |||
| non-ou [m] || | | non-ou [m] || | ||
| 否定論理和 || | | 否定論理和 || | ||
Line 513: | Line 513: | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| biconditional, material biconditional || | |||
| biconditionnel [m], biconditionnel matériel || | | biconditionnel [m], biconditionnel matériel || | ||
| || | | || | ||
Line 523: | Line 523: | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| conditional, material conditional, material implication || | |||
| conditionnel [m], implication matérielle || | | conditionnel [m], implication matérielle || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| negation || set <mathematical logic> | |||
| négation [f] || | | négation [f] || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| statement || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
Line 564: | Line 564: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ rule of inference | |+ rule of inference | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
Line 573: | Line 573: | ||
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| rule of inference || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| affirming the antecedent, ''modus ponens'', ''modus ponendo ponens'' || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
Line 600: | Line 600: | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
| denying the consequent, ''modus tollens'', ''modus tollendo tollens'' || | |||
| || | | || | ||
| || | | || | ||
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==== Non-Classical Logic ==== | ==== Non-Classical Logic ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
Line 642: | Line 642: | ||
=== Informal Logic === | === Informal Logic === | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
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=== Sentence === | === Sentence === | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | |||
! cmn-Hans-CN: | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: | ! deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: | ! eng-Latn-US: sentence !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | ||
! fra-Latn-FR: | ! fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | ||
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: | ! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ↑んしょ↓う !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | ||
! rus-Cyrl-RU: | ! rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || | ||
Line 705: | Line 705: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! symbol | ! symbol | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | ||
Line 738: | Line 738: | ||
|+ logical connective | |+ logical connective | ||
! symbol | ! symbol | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: concept | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ≔, ≡, :⇔ | | ≔, ≡, :⇔ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| definition | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ⊤, T, 1, ■ | | ⊤, T, 1, ■ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| tautology | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ⊥, F, 0, □ | | ⊥, F, 0, □ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| contradition | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 792: | Line 792: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ¬, ~, ! | | ¬, ~, ! | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| negation | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 803: | Line 803: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ∧, &, · | | ∧, &, · | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| conjunction | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 814: | Line 814: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ∨, ∥, + | | ∨, ∥, + | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| disjunction | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 825: | Line 825: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ← | | ← | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| converse | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 836: | Line 836: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↑, <nowiki>|</nowiki> | | ↑, <nowiki>|</nowiki> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| alternative denial | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 847: | Line 847: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| →, ⇒, ⊃ | | →, ⇒, ⊃ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| material implication | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| x | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↓ | | ↓ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| joint denial | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 869: | Line 869: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↔, ⇔, ≡, ⟷, ⟺ | | ↔, ⇔, ≡, ⟷, ⟺ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| material equivalence | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 880: | Line 880: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↚ | | ↚ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| converse nonimplimencation | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 891: | Line 891: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↛ | | ↛ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| nonimplimencation | |||
| | | | ||
| x | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 902: | Line 902: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ↮, ⊻, ⩒, ⩛, ⊕, ≢ | | ↮, ⊻, ⩒, ⩛, ⊕, ≢ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| exclusive disjunction | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 925: | Line 925: | ||
=== Process === | === Process === | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 | ! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 | ||
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn | ! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn | ||
! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] | ! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] | ||
! eng-Latn-US: process !! eng-Latn-US: constituent | |||
! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] | ! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] | ||
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 | ! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 |
Revision as of 08:11, 26 March 2022
Hello polyglots, 😀
On this page you will find a part of the Sci–Tech Index, a project for science and technology learners.
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
逻辑学 | luóji xué | Logik [f] | logic | logique [f] | 論理学 | ろ↑んり↓がく | ло́гика | ||||||||
形式逻辑 | xíngshì luóji | formale Logik | formal logic | logique formelle | 形式論理 | け↑いしきろ↓んり | форма́льная ло́гика | ||||||||
经典逻辑,标准逻辑 | jǐngdiǎn luóji, biǎozhǔn luóji | klassische Logik | classical logic, standard logic | logique [f] classique | 古典論理,標準論理 | こ↑てんろ↓んり,ひょ↑うじゅんろ↓んり | класси́ческая ло́гика | ||||||||
非经典逻辑,替代逻辑 | fēi jīngdiǎn luóji, tìdài luóji | nichtklassische Logik | non-classical logic, alternative logic | logique [f] non classique | 非古典論理 | ひ↑こてんろ↓んり | некласси́ческие ло́гики | ||||||||
非形式逻辑 | fēi xíngshì luóji | informelle Logik | informal logic | logique informelle | 非形式論理 | ひ↑けいしきろ↓んり | неформа́льная ло́гика | ||||||||
Main
Formal Logic
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
矛盾 | máodùn | Kontradiktion [f] | contradiction | proposition | contradiction [f], antilogie [f] | 矛盾 | む↑じゅん | противоре́чие | |||||||
解释 | jiěshì | Interpretation [f] | interpretation | symbol; formal language | interprétation [f] | 解釈 | か↓いしゃく | толкова́ние | |||||||
形式语言 | xíngshì yǔyán | formale Sprache | formal language | langage formel | 形式言語 | け↑いしきげ↓んご | форма́льный язы́к | ||||||||
必要条件 | bìyào tiáojiàn | notwendige Bedingung | necessary condition | necessity | condition nécessaire | 必要条件 | ひ↑つようじょ↓うけん | необходи́мое усло́вие | |||||||
充分必要条件 | chōngfèn bìyào tiáojiàn | notwendige und hinreichende Bedingung | necessary and sufficient condition | sufficiency | condition nécessaire et suffisante | 必要十分条件 | ひ↑つよう↓じゅ↑うぶんじょ↓うけん | необходи́мое усло́вие и доста́точное усло́вие | |||||||
必要性 | bìyào xìng | Notwendigkeit [f] | necessity | statement; material implimentation | nécessité [f] | 必要性 | ひ↑つようせい | необходи́мость | |||||||
充分性 | chōngfèn xìng | Hinlänglichkeit [f] | sufficiency | statement; material implimentation | suffisance [f] | 十分性 | じゅ↑うぶんせい | доста́точность | |||||||
充分条件 | chōngfèn tiáojiàn | hinreichende Bedingung | sufficient condition | sufficiency | condition suffisante | 十分条件 | じゅ↑うぶんじょ↓うけん | доста́точное усло́вие | |||||||
syntax | syntaxe [f] | си́нтаксис | |||||||||||||
恒真式 | héngzhēn shì | Tautologie [f] | tautology | well-formed formula | tautologie [f] | 恒真式,トートロジー | こ↑うし↓んしき,ト↑ート↓ロジー | тавтоло́гией | |||||||
Classical Logic
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
前件 | qián jiàn | Antezedens [n] | antecedent | hypothesis; proposition | antécédent [m] | 前件 | ぜ↑んけん | антецеде́нт | |||||||
后件 | hòu jiàn | Sukzedens [n] | consequent | hypothesis; proposition | conséquent [m] | 後件 | こ↑うけん | сле́дствие, консекве́нт | |||||||
解释 | jiěshì | Erklärung [f] | explanation | statement; description; causality; logical consequence | explication [f] | 説明 | せ↑つめい | объясне́ние | |||||||
假说 | jiǎshō | Hypothese [f] | hypothesis [pl:hypotheses] | explanation; phenomenon | hypothèse [f] | 仮説 | か↑せつ | гипо́теза | |||||||
蕴涵 | yùnhán | Implikation [f] | logical consequence, entailment | statement | déduction [f] logique | 論理的帰結 | ろ↑んりてき↓き↑けつ | умозаключе́ние | |||||||
现象 | xiànxiàng | Phänomen [n] | phenomenon [pl:phenomena] | phénomène [m] | 現象 | げ↑んしょう | фено́мен | ||||||||
前提 | qiántí | Prämisse [f], Vordersatz [m] | premise, premiss | argument; logical consequence | prémisse [f] | 前提 | ぜ↑んてい | посы́лка | |||||||
充足理由律 | chōngzú lǐyóu lǜ | Satz [m] vom zureichenden Grund [m] | principle of sufficient reason | reason; causality | principe [f] de raison suffisante | 充足理由律 | じゅ↑うそくりゆ↓うりつ | зако́н доста́точного основа́ния | |||||||
命题 | mìngtí | Aussage [f] | proposition | proposition [f] | 命題 | め↑いだい | пропози́ция | ||||||||
可靠性 | kěkào xìng | Korrektheit [f] | soundness | validity | correction [f] | 健全性 | け↑んぜんせい | ||||||||
有效性 | yǒuxiào xìng | Allgemeingültigkeit [f] | validity | premise; tautology | validité [f] | 妥当性 | だ↑とうせい | общезна́чимость [ж] | |||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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思维规律,思考规律 | sīwéi guǐlǜ, sīkǎo guīlǜ | Denkgesetz [n] | law of thought | 思考の原理 | し↑こうのげ↓んり | ||||||||||
同一律 | tóngyī lǜ | Identitätsprinzip [n] | law of identity, principle of identity | principe [m] d'identité | 同一律,同一原理 | ど↓ういちりつ,ど↑ういつげ↓んり | зако́н то́ждества | ||||||||
无矛盾律,矛盾律 | wú máodùn lǜ, máodùn lǜ | Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Widerspruch, Satz [m] vom Widerspruch | law of non-contradiction, principle of non-contradiction, law of contradiction, principle of contradiction | principe [m] de non-contradiction, principe [m] de contradiction | 無矛盾律,矛盾律 | む↑むじゅ↓んりつ,む↑じゅ↓んりつ | зако́н непротиворечия, зако́н противоречия | ||||||||
排中律 | páizhōng lǜ | Satz [m] vom ausgeschlossenen Dritten | law of excluded middle, principle of excluded middle, law of the excluded third, principle of the excluded third | principe [m] du tiers exclu | 排中律 | は↑いちゅ↓うりつ | зако́н исключённого тре́тьего | ||||||||
Propositional Calculus
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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logical operation | binary operation; well-formed formula | ||||||||||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка | ||
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逻辑运算符,逻辑联结词 | luóji yùnsuàn fú, luóji liánjié cí | Logische Verknüpfung | logical connective, logical operator, sentential connective, sentential operator | logical operation | connecteur [m] logique | 論理演算子,論理結合子 | ろ↑んりえんざ↓んし,ろ↑んりけつご↓うし | логи́ческими опера́циями | |||||||||
谢费尔竖线 | Xièfèi'ěr shùxiàn | shefferscher Strich | alternative denial, Sheffer stroke | negation; conjunction | barre [f] de Sheffer | 否定論理積,シェファーの棒記号 | ひ↑ていろんりせ↓き,シェ↑ファーの↓ぼ↑うき↓ごう | штрих Ше́ффера | |||||||||
合取,与 | héqǔ, yǔ | Konjunktion [f] | conjunction | set <mathematical logic> | conjonction [f] | 論理積 | ろ↓んりせき | конъю́нкция | |||||||||
逆 | nì | Gegenteil [n] | converse | statement | implication [f] réciproque | 逆 | ぎゃ↑く | обра́тная теоре́ма | |||||||||
析取,或 | xīqǔ, huò | Disjunktion [f] | disjunction | set <mathematical logic> | disjonction [f] | 論理和 | ろ↑んり↓わ | дизъю́нкция | |||||||||
互斥或,异或 | hùchì huò, yì huò | Kontravalenz [f], ausschließende Disjunktion, Antivalenz [f], Kontrajunktion [f], Alternation [f] | exclusive disjunction, exclusive or | disjonction exclusive, ou exclusif | 排他的論理和 | は↑いたてきろんり↓わ | исключа́ющее «или» | ||||||||||
或非 | huò fēi | NICHT-ODER-Gatter [n], Peirce-Funktion [f] | joint denial | non-ou [m] | 否定論理和 | ひ↑ていろんり↓わ | |||||||||||
biconditional, material biconditional | biconditionnel [m], biconditionnel matériel | ||||||||||||||||
conditional, material conditional, material implication | conditionnel [m], implication matérielle | ||||||||||||||||
negation | set <mathematical logic> | négation [f] | |||||||||||||||
statement | |||||||||||||||||
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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rule of inference | |||||||||||||||
affirming the antecedent, modus ponens, modus ponendo ponens | |||||||||||||||
denying the consequent, modus tollens, modus tollendo tollens | |||||||||||||||
Non-Classical Logic
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Informal Logic
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: concept | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Appendix
Sentence
cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 | cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí | deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] | eng-Latn-US: sentence | eng-Latn-US: prerequisite | fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] | fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ↑んしょ↓う | jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい | rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за | rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка |
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Symbol
Formal Logic
symbol | cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | eng-Latn-US: concept | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция |
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symbol | cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn | deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] | eng-Latn-US: concept | fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん | pes-Aran-IR: مَفهوم | rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция |
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≔, ≡, :⇔ | definition | ||||||||
⊤, T, 1, ■ | tautology | ||||||||
⊥, F, 0, □ | contradition | ||||||||
¬, ~, ! | negation | ||||||||
∧, &, · | conjunction | ||||||||
∨, ∥, + | disjunction | ||||||||
← | converse | ||||||||
↑, | | alternative denial | ||||||||
→, ⇒, ⊃ | material implication | x | |||||||
↓ | joint denial | ||||||||
↔, ⇔, ≡, ⟷, ⟺ | material equivalence | ||||||||
↚ | converse nonimplimencation | ||||||||
↛ | nonimplimencation | x | |||||||
↮, ⊻, ⩒, ⩛, ⊕, ≢ | exclusive disjunction | ||||||||
Process
cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 | cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng | cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn | deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] | deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] | eng-Latn-US: process | eng-Latn-US: constituent | fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] | fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] | jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 | jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 | jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい | jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↑うざい | rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс | rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть |
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Resource under a Public License
name | language | link |
---|---|---|
forall x: Calgary. An Introduction to Formal Logic | English | https://forallx.openlogicproject.org/ |
Logic Primer Files | English | https://tellerprimer.ucdavis.edu/pdf |
Open Logic Project | English | https://openlogicproject.org/ |
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