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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cases and Prepositions → Nominative Case</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
Welcome to the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! The nominative case is one of the most important cases in the Russian language, as it is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we will learn the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case.
The nominative case is the default case for a noun, meaning that it is used when the noun is the subject of a sentence and when there is no preposition indicating a different case. Understanding how to use the nominative case correctly is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.
Let's dive in and explore the rules and endings for the nominative case in Russian!
== Nouns in the Nominative Case ==
In the nominative case, the endings of nouns depend on their gender, number, and whether they are animate or inanimate. Russian nouns can be classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each gender has its own set of endings in the nominative case.
=== Masculine Nouns ===
Masculine nouns in the nominative case typically end in a consonant or a soft sign (ь). Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for masculine nouns:
1. If a masculine noun ends in a consonant, the nominative case ending is usually -ъ for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| мальчик || mal'chik || boy
|-
| мальчики || mal'chiki || boys
|}
2. If a masculine noun ends in a soft sign (ь), the nominative case ending is usually -й for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| дом || dom || house
|-
| дома || doma || houses
|}
Keep in mind that there are some exceptions to these rules, and it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun. As you progress in your Russian studies, you will become more familiar with these exceptions.
=== Feminine Nouns ===
Feminine nouns in the nominative case typically end in -а or -я for singular nouns and -ы or -и for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for feminine nouns:
1. If a feminine noun ends in -а, the nominative case ending is usually -а for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| мама || ma-ma || mother
|-
| мамы || ma-my || mothers
|}


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → Nominative Case</div>
2. If a feminine noun ends in -я, the nominative case ending is usually -я for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.


__TOC__
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| русская || rus-ska-ya || Russian (feminine)
|-
| русские || rus-skie || Russians (feminine)
|}
 
Again, there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to familiarize yourself with the specific endings for each noun.
 
=== Neuter Nouns ===
 
Neuter nouns in the nominative case typically end in -о or -е for singular nouns and -а or -я for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for neuter nouns:
 
1. If a neuter noun ends in -о, the nominative case ending is usually -о for singular nouns and -а for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| окно || ok-no || window
|-
| окна || ok-na || windows
|}
 
2. If a neuter noun ends in -е, the nominative case ending is usually -е for singular nouns and -я for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| море || mo-re || sea
|-
| моря || mo-rya || seas
|}
 
As always, be aware that there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun.
 
== Adjectives in the Nominative Case ==
 
Adjectives in the nominative case must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. This means that the endings of adjectives change depending on the gender and number of the noun they describe.
 
The rules for forming the nominative case for adjectives are similar to the rules for nouns. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
=== Masculine Adjectives ===
 
Masculine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ый or -ий for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:
 
1. If a masculine adjective ends in -ый, the nominative case ending is usually -ый for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| хороший || ho-ro-shiy || good
|-
| хорошие || ho-ro-shi-ye || good
|}
 
2. If a masculine adjective ends in -ий, the nominative case ending is usually -ий for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| большой || bol'-shoy || big
|-
| большие || bol'-shi-ye || big
|}
 
=== Feminine Adjectives ===
 
Feminine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ая or -яя for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:
 
1. If a feminine adjective ends in -ая, the nominative case ending is usually -ая for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| красивая || kra-see-va-ya || beautiful
|-
| красивые || kra-see-vi-ye || beautiful
|}
 
2. If a feminine adjective ends in -яя, the nominative case ending is usually -яя for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| новая || no-va-ya || new
|-
| новые || no-vi-ye || new
|}
 
=== Neuter Adjectives ===
 
Neuter adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ое or -ее for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:


Today, we will dive into the basics of the Russian language's Nominative case. As a Russian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I have found that mastering the cases is one of the most difficult, but essential parts of learning Russian. In this lesson, we will focus on the Nominative case.  
1. If a neuter adjective ends in -ое, the nominative case ending is usually -ое for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| хорошее || ho-ro-she-e || good
|-
| хорошие || ho-ro-shi-ye || good
|}


<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Genitive-Case|Genitive Case]] & [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]].</span>
2. If a neuter adjective ends in -ее, the nominative case ending is usually -ее for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
== What is the Nominative Case? ==
The Nominative case is used to indicate the subject of the sentence. It is also used for predicate nouns and adjectives. In other words, if a noun is the main actor in the sentence, then it is in the Nominative case.  


For example:  
Example:
* Я ем яблоко. (Ya em yabloko.) - I am eating an apple.
{| class="wikitable"
In this sentence, "I" is the subject and "an apple" is the direct object. "An apple" is in the Nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| большее || bol'-she-e || big
|-
| большие || bol'-shi-ye || big
|}


* Моя сестра умна. (Moya sestra umna.) - My sister is smart.
Remember, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the endings of adjectives will change depending on the specific noun they are describing.
In this sentence, "my sister" is the subject and "smart" is the predicate adjective. "My sister" is in the Nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.  


* Ты кто? (Ty kto?) - Who are you?
== Pronouns in the Nominative Case ==
In this sentence, "you" is the subject. It is a pronoun and is already in the Nominative case.


== Noun Gender ==
Pronouns, like nouns and adjectives, also have different forms in the nominative case. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for pronouns:
One of the most important things to keep in mind when dealing with Russian nouns and their cases is the concept of gender. Nouns in Russian are either masculine, feminine, or neuter, and each gender has its own declension patterns.


In general, the gender of a noun is determined by its ending:
=== Personal Pronouns ===
* Masculine nouns often end in a consonant or "-ий" (-iy).
* Feminine nouns often end in "-а" (-a) or "-я" (-ya).
* Neuter nouns often end in "-о" (-o) or "-е" (-e).


However, there are also many exceptions to these patterns, so it is important to memorize the gender of each noun as you learn it.
Personal pronouns in the nominative case are used to refer to people or things. Here are the basic forms of personal pronouns in the nominative case:


== Noun Declensions ==
{| class="wikitable"
Declension refers to the changes that a noun undergoes depending on its usage in the sentence. In Russian, there are six different cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. Each case has its own set of ending patterns for each gender.
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| я || ya || I
|-
| ты || ty || you (singular, informal)
|-
| он || on || he
|-
| она || a-na || she
|-
| оно || a-no || it
|-
| мы || my || we
|-
| вы || vy || you (singular or plural, formal)
|-
| они || a-ni || they
|}
 
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
 
Demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case are used to point out specific people or things. Here are the basic forms of demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| этот || e-tot || this (masculine)
|-
| эта || e-ta || this (feminine)
|-
| это || e-to || this (neuter)
|-
| эти || e-ti || these
|-
| тот || tot || that (masculine)
|-
| та || ta || that (feminine)
|-
| то || to || that (neuter)
|-
| те || te || those
|}


To decline a noun, you need to know its gender and its ending in the Nominative case. For example, let's use the noun "стол" (stol), which means "table":
=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
* Masculine: стол (stol) - table
** Nominative: стол (stol)
** Accusative: стол (stol)
** Genitive: стола (stola)
** Dative: столу (stolu)
** Instrumental: столом (stolom)
** Prepositional: столе (stole)


* Feminine: книга (kniga) - book
Interrogative pronouns in the nominative case are used to ask questions. Here are the basic forms of interrogative pronouns in the nominative case:
** Nominative: книга (kniga)
** Accusative: книгу (knigu)
** Genitive: книги (knigi)
** Dative: книге (knige)
** Instrumental: книгой (knigoy)
** Prepositional: книге (knige)


* Neuter: окно (okno) - window
{| class="wikitable"
** Nominative: окно (okno)
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
** Accusative: окно (okno)
|-
** Genitive: окна (okna)
| кто || kto || who
** Dative: окну (oknu)
|-
** Instrumental: окном (oknom)
| что || chto || what
** Prepositional: окне (okne)
|-
| какой || ka-koy || which
|-
| какая || ka-ka-ya || which
|-
| какое || ka-ko-e || which
|-
| какие || ka-ki-ye || which
|}


As you can see, each case has its own ending pattern for each gender.
=== Possessive Pronouns ===


== Examples ==
Possessive pronouns in the nominative case are used to show ownership or possession. Here are the basic forms of possessive pronouns in the nominative case:
Here are some examples of sentences in the Nominative case:  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Мальчик играет. || Mal'chik igrayet. || The boy is playing.
| мой || moy || my (masculine)
|-
| моя || mo-ya || my (feminine)
|-
| моё || mo-yo || my (neuter)
|-
| мои || mo-i || my (plural)
|-
| твой || tvoi || your (singular, informal)
|-
| твоя || tvo-ya || your (singular, informal)
|-
|-
| Женщина пьет кофе. || Zhenshchina pyet kofe. || The woman is drinking coffee.
| твоё || tvo-yo || your (singular, informal)
|-
|-
| Собака лает. || Sobaka layet. || The dog is barking.
| твои || tvo-i || your (plural)
|}
|}


In each of these sentences, the subject is in the Nominative case.  
Again, these are just the basic forms of pronouns in the nominative case. There are additional forms and variations depending on the specific context and usage.


== Tips for Learning ==
== Conclusion ==
Here are some tips to help you learn the Nominative case and the declension patterns:
* Start by memorizing the gender of each noun as you learn it.
* Practice the declension tables regularly.
* Focus on each case one at a time.
* Pay attention to the different ending patterns for each gender.


With practice, you will get the hang of the declension patterns and the Nominative case in no time!
Congratulations on making it through the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! You have learned the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case. This knowledge is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.


<span class='maj'></span>
Remember to practice using the nominative case in your speech and writing to reinforce what you have learned. As you continue your Russian language journey, you will encounter more complex grammar concepts and cases. Stay curious and keep exploring the rich and fascinating world of the Russian language!
==Sources==
* [https://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_nominative.php The Nominative Case - Russian Grammar]
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/nominative-case-russian-4773318 The Nominative Case in Russian: Usage and Examples]
* [https://unlockingrussian.com/2020/08/04/a-complete-guide-to-the-nominative-case-in-russian-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6/ A COMPLETE guide to the Nominative Case in Russian ...]


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar Lesson: Nominative Case - Learn Russian Online
|title=Russian Grammar → Cases and Prepositions → Nominative Case
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian nouns and gender, Nominative case, Russian language, declension
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian cases, Russian prepositions, nominative case, Russian nouns, Russian adjectives, Russian pronouns
|description=Learn the basics of the Russian Nominative case with our Russian grammar lesson. Understand gender and declensions, and get tips for learning.
|description=Introduction to the nominative case in Russian, which is used for the subject of a sentence. Learn the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns.
}}
}}
{{Russian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 116: Line 323:
===#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...===
===#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bAMDr2736k</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bAMDr2736k</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_nominative.php The Nominative Case - Russian Grammar]
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/nominative-case-russian-4773318 The Nominative Case in Russian: Usage and Examples]
* [https://unlockingrussian.com/2020/08/04/a-complete-guide-to-the-nominative-case-in-russian-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6/ A COMPLETE guide to the Nominative Case in Russian ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Tricky-Adverbs|Tricky Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Tricky-Adverbs|Tricky Adverbs]]


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Revision as of 17:47, 16 June 2023

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RussianGrammar0 to A1 Course → Cases and Prepositions → Nominative Case

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! The nominative case is one of the most important cases in the Russian language, as it is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we will learn the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case.

The nominative case is the default case for a noun, meaning that it is used when the noun is the subject of a sentence and when there is no preposition indicating a different case. Understanding how to use the nominative case correctly is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.

Let's dive in and explore the rules and endings for the nominative case in Russian!

Nouns in the Nominative Case

In the nominative case, the endings of nouns depend on their gender, number, and whether they are animate or inanimate. Russian nouns can be classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each gender has its own set of endings in the nominative case.

Masculine Nouns

Masculine nouns in the nominative case typically end in a consonant or a soft sign (ь). Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for masculine nouns:

1. If a masculine noun ends in a consonant, the nominative case ending is usually -ъ for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
мальчик mal'chik boy
мальчики mal'chiki boys

2. If a masculine noun ends in a soft sign (ь), the nominative case ending is usually -й for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
дом dom house
дома doma houses

Keep in mind that there are some exceptions to these rules, and it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun. As you progress in your Russian studies, you will become more familiar with these exceptions.

Feminine Nouns

Feminine nouns in the nominative case typically end in -а or -я for singular nouns and -ы or -и for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for feminine nouns:

1. If a feminine noun ends in -а, the nominative case ending is usually -а for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
мама ma-ma mother
мамы ma-my mothers

2. If a feminine noun ends in -я, the nominative case ending is usually -я for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
русская rus-ska-ya Russian (feminine)
русские rus-skie Russians (feminine)

Again, there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to familiarize yourself with the specific endings for each noun.

Neuter Nouns

Neuter nouns in the nominative case typically end in -о or -е for singular nouns and -а or -я for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for neuter nouns:

1. If a neuter noun ends in -о, the nominative case ending is usually -о for singular nouns and -а for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
окно ok-no window
окна ok-na windows

2. If a neuter noun ends in -е, the nominative case ending is usually -е for singular nouns and -я for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
море mo-re sea
моря mo-rya seas

As always, be aware that there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun.

Adjectives in the Nominative Case

Adjectives in the nominative case must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. This means that the endings of adjectives change depending on the gender and number of the noun they describe.

The rules for forming the nominative case for adjectives are similar to the rules for nouns. Let's take a look at some examples:

Masculine Adjectives

Masculine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ый or -ий for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:

1. If a masculine adjective ends in -ый, the nominative case ending is usually -ый for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
хороший ho-ro-shiy good
хорошие ho-ro-shi-ye good

2. If a masculine adjective ends in -ий, the nominative case ending is usually -ий for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
большой bol'-shoy big
большие bol'-shi-ye big

Feminine Adjectives

Feminine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ая or -яя for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:

1. If a feminine adjective ends in -ая, the nominative case ending is usually -ая for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
красивая kra-see-va-ya beautiful
красивые kra-see-vi-ye beautiful

2. If a feminine adjective ends in -яя, the nominative case ending is usually -яя for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
новая no-va-ya new
новые no-vi-ye new

Neuter Adjectives

Neuter adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ое or -ее for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:

1. If a neuter adjective ends in -ое, the nominative case ending is usually -ое for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
хорошее ho-ro-she-e good
хорошие ho-ro-shi-ye good

2. If a neuter adjective ends in -ее, the nominative case ending is usually -ее for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.

Example:

Russian Pronunciation English
большее bol'-she-e big
большие bol'-shi-ye big

Remember, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the endings of adjectives will change depending on the specific noun they are describing.

Pronouns in the Nominative Case

Pronouns, like nouns and adjectives, also have different forms in the nominative case. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for pronouns:

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in the nominative case are used to refer to people or things. Here are the basic forms of personal pronouns in the nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
я ya I
ты ty you (singular, informal)
он on he
она a-na she
оно a-no it
мы my we
вы vy you (singular or plural, formal)
они a-ni they

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case are used to point out specific people or things. Here are the basic forms of demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
этот e-tot this (masculine)
эта e-ta this (feminine)
это e-to this (neuter)
эти e-ti these
тот tot that (masculine)
та ta that (feminine)
то to that (neuter)
те te those

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns in the nominative case are used to ask questions. Here are the basic forms of interrogative pronouns in the nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
кто kto who
что chto what
какой ka-koy which
какая ka-ka-ya which
какое ka-ko-e which
какие ka-ki-ye which

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in the nominative case are used to show ownership or possession. Here are the basic forms of possessive pronouns in the nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
мой moy my (masculine)
моя mo-ya my (feminine)
моё mo-yo my (neuter)
мои mo-i my (plural)
твой tvoi your (singular, informal)
твоя tvo-ya your (singular, informal)
твоё tvo-yo your (singular, informal)
твои tvo-i your (plural)

Again, these are just the basic forms of pronouns in the nominative case. There are additional forms and variations depending on the specific context and usage.

Conclusion

Congratulations on making it through the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! You have learned the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case. This knowledge is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.

Remember to practice using the nominative case in your speech and writing to reinforce what you have learned. As you continue your Russian language journey, you will encounter more complex grammar concepts and cases. Stay curious and keep exploring the rich and fascinating world of the Russian language!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts

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#49 Russian cases - Nominative case, Russian grammar - YouTube

Adjective Agreement in Russian (Nominative) - YouTube

#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...


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