Difference between revisions of "Language/Russian/Grammar/Present-Tense"

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[[File:Present Tense in Russian.png|alt=Present Tense in Russian|thumb|Present Tense in Russian]]
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Hello everybody,
{{Russian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Conjugation → Present Tense</div>


In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about '''¨PRESENT TENSE¨''' in Russian
__TOC__


Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !
== Introduction ==


Happy learning ! :)
In this lesson, we will learn how to form the present tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending. The present tense is used to talk about actions happening in the present or habitual actions. By mastering the present tense, you will be able to express yourself in various everyday situations and engage in basic conversations with native Russian speakers.


== Conjugation of Regular Verbs ==


In Russian, regular verbs are divided into three conjugation groups based on their infinitive endings. The three groups are -ать, -ить, and -еть. Let's take a closer look at the conjugation patterns for each group.


Upon acquiring a comprehensive understanding of this material, you might be intrigued by these relevant areas: [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Genitive-Case|Russian Grammar → Russian Nouns and Gender → Genitive Case ...]], [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Use-of-the-verb-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C-in-the-past|Use of the verb быть in the past]], [[Language/Russian/Grammar/А-vs-Но|А vs Но]] & [[Language/Russian/Grammar/To-and-же-particles-in-Russian|To and же particles in Russian]].
=== Group 1: Verbs ending in -ать ===
== '''Present tense (First conjugation)''' ==


=== '''<big>Verb to know (знать) :</big>''' ===
The first group consists of verbs that end in -ать. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -ать ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "говорить" (to speak):
'''<big>It finishes by (я - ... ю) / (ты - ... ешь) / (он / она / оно - ... ет) / (мы - ... ем) / (вы - ... ете) / (они - ... ют)</big>'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''


'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>RUSSIAN</big>'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|I know
| Я говорю || ya go-va-ROO || I speak
|'''''yah znah you'''''
|'''<big>я знаю</big>'''
|-
|-
|You know
| Ты говоришь || ty go-va-REESH || You speak (informal)
|'''''tuh znah ih shih'''''
|'''<big>ты знаешь</big>'''
|-
|-
|He knows
| Он/она/оно говорит || on/a-na/o-no go-va-REET || He/she/it speaks
|'''''ohn znah iht'''''
|'''<big>он знает</big>'''
|-
|-
|We know
| Мы говорим || my go-va-REEM || We speak
|'''''muh znah ihm'''''
|'''<big>мы знаем</big>'''
|-
|-
|You know
| Вы говорите || vy go-va-REE-tye || You speak (formal/plural)
|'''''vuh znah ih tyeh'''''
|'''<big>вы знаете</big>'''
|-
|-
|They know
| Они говорят || oni go-va-RYAT || They speak
|'''''ah nih znah yout'''''
|'''<big>они знают</big>'''
|}
|}


=== '''<big>Verb to understand (понимать) :</big>''' ===
As you can see, the verb "говорить" is conjugated differently depending on the subject pronoun. Make sure to pay attention to the endings and practice them regularly to internalize the conjugation patterns.
'''<big>It finishes by (я - ... ю) / (ты - ... ешь) / (он / она / оно - ... ет) / (мы - ... ем) / (вы - ... ете) / (они - ... ют)</big>'''
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
=== Group 2: Verbs ending in -ить ===
|-
 
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
The second group consists of verbs that end in -ить. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -ить ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "писать" (to write):
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''


'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>RUSSIAN</big>'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|I understand
| Я пишу || ya PEE-shoo || I write
|'''''yah pah nih mah you'''''
|'''<big>я понимаю</big>'''
|-
|-
|You understand
| Ты пишешь || ty PEE-sheesh || You write (informal)
|'''''tuh pah nih mah ih shih'''''
|'''<big>ты понимаешь</big>'''
|-
|-
|He understands
| Он/она/оно пишет || on/a-na/o-no PEE-shet || He/she/it writes
|'''''ohn pah nih mah iht'''''
|'''<big>он понимает</big>'''
|-
|-
|We understand
| Мы пишем || my PEE-shem || We write
|'''''muh pah nih mah ihm'''''
|'''<big>мы понимаем</big>'''
|-
|-
|You understand
| Вы пишете || vy PEE-shee-tye || You write (formal/plural)
|'''''vuh pah nih mah ih tyeh'''''
|'''<big>вы понимаете</big>'''
|-
|-
|They understand
| Они пишут || oni PEE-shoot || They write
|'''''ah nih pah nih mah yout'''''
|'''<big>они понимают</big>'''
|}
|}


=== '''Present tense (Second conjugation)''' ===
Similarly to group 1, the verb "писать" is conjugated differently depending on the subject pronoun. Practice the endings to become familiar with the conjugation patterns.
 
=== Group 3: Verbs ending in -еть ===


=== '''<big>Verb to speak (говорить) :</big>''' ===
The third group consists of verbs that end in -еть. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -еть ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "читать" (to read):
'''<big>It finishes by (я - ... у / ю</big>) / (<big>ты - ... ишь</big>) / (<big>он / она / оно - ... ит</big>) / (<big>мы - ... им</big>) / (<big>вы - ... ите</big>) / (<big>они - ... ат / ят</big>)'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''


'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>RUSSIAN</big>'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|I speak
| Я читаю || ya chee-TA-yoo || I read
|'''''yah gah vah ryoh'''''
|'''<big>я говорю</big>'''
|-
|-
|You speak
| Ты читаешь || ty chee-TA-yesh || You read (informal)
|'''''tuh gah vah reesh'''''
|'''<big>ты говоришь</big>'''
|-
|-
|He speaks
| Он/она/оно читает || on/a-na/o-no chee-TA-yet || He/she/it reads
|'''''ohn gah vah riht'''''
|'''<big>он говорит</big>'''
|-
|-
|We speak
| Мы читаем || my chee-TA-yem || We read
|'''''muh gah vah reem'''''
|'''<big>мы говорим</big>'''
|-
|-
|You speak
| Вы читаете || vy chee-TA-yetye || You read (formal/plural)
|'''''vuh gah vah rih tyeh'''''
|'''<big>вы говорите</big>'''
|-
|-
|They speak
| Они читают || oni chee-TA-yut || They read
|'''''ah nih gah vah ryaht'''''
|'''<big>они говорят</big>'''
|}
|}


=== '''<big>Verb to walk, to go (ходить) :</big>''' ===
Just like in the previous groups, the verb "читать" is conjugated differently based on the subject pronoun. Practice the endings regularly to reinforce your understanding of the conjugation patterns.
'''<big>It finishes by (я - ... у / ю</big>) / (<big>ты - ... ишь</big>) / (<big>он / она / оно - ... ит</big>) / (<big>мы - ... им</big>) / (<big>вы - ... ите</big>) / (<big>они - ... ат / ят</big>)'''
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
== Irregular Verbs ==
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
 
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
In addition to regular verbs, there are also irregular verbs in Russian that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns. These verbs have unique conjugation forms that need to be memorized. Here are some examples of irregular verbs in the present tense:
 
=== быть (to be) ===
 
The verb "быть" (to be) is highly irregular and has its own unique conjugation forms in the present tense. Here is the conjugation pattern for "быть":


'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>RUSSIAN</big>'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|I walk
| Я есть || ya yest' || I am
|'''''yah hah zhou'''''
|'''<big>я хожу</big>'''
|-
|-
|You walk
| Ты есть || ty yest' || You are (informal)
|'''''tuh hah deesh'''''
|'''<big>ты ходишь</big>'''
|-
|-
|He walks
| Он/она/оно есть || on/a-na/o-no yest' || He/she/it is
|'''''ohn hah deet'''''
|'''<big>он ходит</big>'''
|-
|-
|We walk
| Мы есть || my yest' || We are
|'''''muh hah deem'''''
|'''<big>мы ходим</big>'''
|-
|-
|You walk
| Вы есть || vy yest' || You are (formal/plural)
|'''''vuh hah dih tyeh'''''
|'''<big>вы ходите</big>'''
|-
|-
|They walk
| Они есть || oni yest' || They are
|'''''ah nih hah dyaht'''''
|'''<big>они ходят</big>'''
|}
|}


Let's now take a look at forming the indicative present in Russian.
Note that the verb "быть" does not have a separate form for the first and third person singular. Instead, it uses the same form "есть" for both "I" and "he/she/it". Practice the conjugation forms of "быть" to master this important irregular verb.


To do this, you must delete the termination and then add one of the following endings, depending on the subject of the sentence.
=== хотеть (to want) ===


=='''Present of the first conjugation'''==
The verb "хотеть" (to want) is also irregular in the present tense. Here is the conjugation pattern for "хотеть":


*я - ... ю
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Я хочу || ya HO-choo || I want
|-
| Ты хочешь || ty ho-CHEESH || You want (informal)
|-
| Он/она/оно хочет || on/a-na/o-no ho-CHEET || He/she/it wants
|-
| Мы хотим || my ho-TEEM || We want
|-
| Вы хотите || vy ho-TEE-tye || You want (formal/plural)
|-
| Они хотят || oni ho-TYAT || They want
|}


*ты - ... ешь
The verb "хотеть" has a unique conjugation pattern that you need to memorize. Practice the forms regularly to become comfortable with using this irregular verb.


*он / она / оно - ... ет
== Exceptions and Spelling Changes ==


*мы - ... ем
In addition to irregular verbs, there are also a few exceptions and spelling changes that occur in the present tense conjugation of certain verbs. Here are some examples:


*вы - ... ете
=== Verbs ending in -ать with spelling changes ===


*они - ... ют
Some verbs ending in -ать undergo spelling changes in the present tense conjugation. The most common spelling change is the replacement of -а- with -я-. Here are some examples:


===For example===
* играть (to play) - я играю (I play)
* платить (to pay) - я плачу (I pay)
* звонить (to call) - я звоню (I call)


====знать - to know, to know====
=== Verbs ending in -ить with spelling changes ===


*я знаю
Some verbs ending in -ить also undergo spelling changes in the present tense conjugation. The most common spelling change is the replacement of -и- with -ы-. Here are some examples:


*ты знаешь
* жить (to live) - я живу (I live)
* спать (to sleep) - я сплю (I sleep)
* видеть (to see) - я вижу (I see)


*он знает
It is important to be aware of these spelling changes and practice the correct conjugation forms for each verb.


*мы знаем
== Summary ==


*вы знаете
In this lesson, we learned how to form the present tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending. We explored the conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the -ать, -ить, and -еть conjugation groups, as well as the conjugation forms of some irregular verbs. We also discussed exceptions and spelling changes that occur in the present tense conjugation of certain verbs. With practice and repetition, you will become more comfortable with conjugating verbs in the present tense and be able to express yourself accurately in Russian.


*они знают
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Present Tense
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian verbs, Russian present tense, Russian conjugation, Russian language
|description=Learn how to form the present tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Russian Course."
}}


====понимать - to understand====
{{Russian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


*я понимаю
[[Category:Course]]
 
[[Category:Russian-Course]]
*ты понимаешь
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 
[[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
*он понимает
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
*мы понимаем
 
*вы понимаете
 
*они понимают
 
=='''Present of the second conjugation'''==
 
*я - ... у / ю
 
*ты - ... ишь
 
*он / она / оно - ... ит
 
*мы - ... им
 
*вы - ... ите
 
*они - ... ат / ят
 
===For example===
 
====говорить - to speak====
 
*я говорю
 
*ты говоришь
 
*он говорит
 
*мы говорим
 
*вы говорите
 
*они говорят


====ходить - to walk, to go====


*я хожу


*ты ходишь


*он ходит
*мы ходим
*вы ходите
*они ходят
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Note that this verb has a mutable root.
=='''Memento: the present'''==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!1st conjugation
!2nd conjugation
|-
|я
ты
он / она / оно
мы
вы
они
| -ю
-ешь
-ет
-ем
-ете
-ют
| -у/ю
-ишь
-ит
-им
-ите
-ат/ят
|}


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/To-and-же-particles-in-Russian|To and же particles in Russian]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/To-and-же-particles-in-Russian|To and же particles in Russian]]


{{Russian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
 
[[Category:Russian-Course]]
{{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 
[[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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Latest revision as of 18:05, 16 June 2023

◀️ Relationships and Marital Status — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Conjugation → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will learn how to form the present tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending. The present tense is used to talk about actions happening in the present or habitual actions. By mastering the present tense, you will be able to express yourself in various everyday situations and engage in basic conversations with native Russian speakers.

Conjugation of Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

In Russian, regular verbs are divided into three conjugation groups based on their infinitive endings. The three groups are -ать, -ить, and -еть. Let's take a closer look at the conjugation patterns for each group.

Group 1: Verbs ending in -ать[edit | edit source]

The first group consists of verbs that end in -ать. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -ать ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "говорить" (to speak):

Russian Pronunciation English
Я говорю ya go-va-ROO I speak
Ты говоришь ty go-va-REESH You speak (informal)
Он/она/оно говорит on/a-na/o-no go-va-REET He/she/it speaks
Мы говорим my go-va-REEM We speak
Вы говорите vy go-va-REE-tye You speak (formal/plural)
Они говорят oni go-va-RYAT They speak

As you can see, the verb "говорить" is conjugated differently depending on the subject pronoun. Make sure to pay attention to the endings and practice them regularly to internalize the conjugation patterns.

Group 2: Verbs ending in -ить[edit | edit source]

The second group consists of verbs that end in -ить. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -ить ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "писать" (to write):

Russian Pronunciation English
Я пишу ya PEE-shoo I write
Ты пишешь ty PEE-sheesh You write (informal)
Он/она/оно пишет on/a-na/o-no PEE-shet He/she/it writes
Мы пишем my PEE-shem We write
Вы пишете vy PEE-shee-tye You write (formal/plural)
Они пишут oni PEE-shoot They write

Similarly to group 1, the verb "писать" is conjugated differently depending on the subject pronoun. Practice the endings to become familiar with the conjugation patterns.

Group 3: Verbs ending in -еть[edit | edit source]

The third group consists of verbs that end in -еть. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we remove the -еть ending and add the appropriate endings based on the subject pronoun. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "читать" (to read):

Russian Pronunciation English
Я читаю ya chee-TA-yoo I read
Ты читаешь ty chee-TA-yesh You read (informal)
Он/она/оно читает on/a-na/o-no chee-TA-yet He/she/it reads
Мы читаем my chee-TA-yem We read
Вы читаете vy chee-TA-yetye You read (formal/plural)
Они читают oni chee-TA-yut They read

Just like in the previous groups, the verb "читать" is conjugated differently based on the subject pronoun. Practice the endings regularly to reinforce your understanding of the conjugation patterns.

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

In addition to regular verbs, there are also irregular verbs in Russian that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns. These verbs have unique conjugation forms that need to be memorized. Here are some examples of irregular verbs in the present tense:

быть (to be)[edit | edit source]

The verb "быть" (to be) is highly irregular and has its own unique conjugation forms in the present tense. Here is the conjugation pattern for "быть":

Russian Pronunciation English
Я есть ya yest' I am
Ты есть ty yest' You are (informal)
Он/она/оно есть on/a-na/o-no yest' He/she/it is
Мы есть my yest' We are
Вы есть vy yest' You are (formal/plural)
Они есть oni yest' They are

Note that the verb "быть" does not have a separate form for the first and third person singular. Instead, it uses the same form "есть" for both "I" and "he/she/it". Practice the conjugation forms of "быть" to master this important irregular verb.

хотеть (to want)[edit | edit source]

The verb "хотеть" (to want) is also irregular in the present tense. Here is the conjugation pattern for "хотеть":

Russian Pronunciation English
Я хочу ya HO-choo I want
Ты хочешь ty ho-CHEESH You want (informal)
Он/она/оно хочет on/a-na/o-no ho-CHEET He/she/it wants
Мы хотим my ho-TEEM We want
Вы хотите vy ho-TEE-tye You want (formal/plural)
Они хотят oni ho-TYAT They want

The verb "хотеть" has a unique conjugation pattern that you need to memorize. Practice the forms regularly to become comfortable with using this irregular verb.

Exceptions and Spelling Changes[edit | edit source]

In addition to irregular verbs, there are also a few exceptions and spelling changes that occur in the present tense conjugation of certain verbs. Here are some examples:

Verbs ending in -ать with spelling changes[edit | edit source]

Some verbs ending in -ать undergo spelling changes in the present tense conjugation. The most common spelling change is the replacement of -а- with -я-. Here are some examples:

  • играть (to play) - я играю (I play)
  • платить (to pay) - я плачу (I pay)
  • звонить (to call) - я звоню (I call)

Verbs ending in -ить with spelling changes[edit | edit source]

Some verbs ending in -ить also undergo spelling changes in the present tense conjugation. The most common spelling change is the replacement of -и- with -ы-. Here are some examples:

  • жить (to live) - я живу (I live)
  • спать (to sleep) - я сплю (I sleep)
  • видеть (to see) - я вижу (I see)

It is important to be aware of these spelling changes and practice the correct conjugation forms for each verb.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we learned how to form the present tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending. We explored the conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the -ать, -ить, and -еть conjugation groups, as well as the conjugation forms of some irregular verbs. We also discussed exceptions and spelling changes that occur in the present tense conjugation of certain verbs. With practice and repetition, you will become more comfortable with conjugating verbs in the present tense and be able to express yourself accurately in Russian.

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Relationships and Marital Status — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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