Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Relative-Clauses

Sindhi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are an important aspect of the Sindhi language. They allow us to add more detail and context to our sentences by connecting them to other ideas or clauses. In this lesson, we will learn how to form relative clauses in Sindhi, including using relative pronouns and constructing complex sentences.

What are Relative Clauses?

Relative clauses are clauses that modify or describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. They provide additional information about the noun, such as its characteristics or qualities. They usually begin with a relative pronoun, such as “jo” (meaning “who” or “which”) or “ja” (meaning “that”).

Here’s an example of a sentence with a relative clause in Sindhi:

“محمد جي ڀائڻ جو مہربان ٻاهر سان بولي ٿو” which means “Mohammed, who is a kind speaker, spoke with his friend”.

In this sentence, the relative clause is “جو مہربان ٻاهر”, which modifies “محمد جي ڀائڻ” (Mohammed). The relative pronoun used is “جو” (jo), meaning “who” or “which”.

Types of Relative Clauses

There are two main types of relative clauses in Sindhi:

Restrictive Relative Clauses

Restrictive relative clauses provide essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify. They are used to “restrict” the meaning of the noun or pronoun, and without the relative clause, the sentence would not make complete sense.

For example:

“اسٽيفي جو ڀرتن ديون ۾ رڳو رهيو آهي” which means “The book that belongs to Stephanie is on the desk.”

In this sentence, the relative clause “جو ڀرتن ديون ۾ رڳو رهيو آهي” (that belongs to Stephanie) is essential to the meaning of the sentence. It restricts the book to a particular one belonging to Stephanie and without it, the sentence would not be complete.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses

Non-restrictive relative clauses provide supplementary or additional information about the noun or pronoun they modify. They are not essential to the meaning of the sentence and can be removed without changing the overall meaning of the sentence.

For example:

“شام لۏاري جو پرک پارچي يا هي” which means “This is Larry's bike, which he rides every day”.

In this sentence, the relative clause “جو پرک پارچي يا هي” (which he rides every day) provides additional information about Larry's bike but is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.

Forming Restrictive Relative Clauses

Restrictive relative clauses are formed using the relative pronouns “جو” (jo), “جيڪي” (jeki), “وھان” (whan), “ڏيکنده” (dekhundo), and “هڪڙي” (hukri).

The pronoun “جو” (jo) is the most commonly used relative pronoun in Sindhi. It is used to refer to people or things, and it can be used as a subject or object pronoun.

Here are some examples of restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
هڪ ٻن ڏکڻ جو قانون	hek ban dakkan jo qanoon	The law that bans smoking.
مونھان ۾ نت جھلو	monhan mein nat jhalo	The drop of sweat that is on my forehead.
بازار ۾ ککڙو چاھي آهي	bazaar mein kukro chahi aahe	The dog that I want is in the market.
چاٻي کي پيلائي ٿي ٻ منگڻو جو شوق	chaayi ke peelai thi be mangno jo shoq	It is my passion to beg for tea that has been thrown away.

Forming Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses

Non-restrictive relative clauses are formed using the relative pronouns “جي” (ji), “جو” (jo), “وھان” (whan), “ڏيکنده” (dekhundo), and “هڪڙي” (hukri).

Here are some examples of non-restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi:

Sindhi	Pronunciation	English
ٻچن جي شوخين انپ ايم پي کي وساتو	bachan ji shokeen anp MP ki waseto	Mr. Bachan, who is passionate about being an MP, is sitting here.
مونهنجي ذات جي لاڏ	monhenji zaat ji laad	The laugh of my own kind.
سينٺي جو گوٽيرا	saindhi jo gothera	The calf of Sindh.

Conclusion

Relative clauses are an important part of Sindhi grammar. They provide additional detail and context to our sentences, allowing us to describe or modify nouns and pronouns more precisely. By using the appropriate relative pronouns and sentence constructions, you can form both restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses in Sindhi. Practice constructing sentences with relative clauses to improve your Sindhi language skills.

Table of Contents - Sindhi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Introduction to Sindhi Script

• Sindhi Alphabet
• Basic Consonants and Vowels

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Everyday Vocabulary

• Greetings and Introductions
• Numbers and Counting
• Days of the Week and Months
• Colors and Shapes
• Food and Beverages

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Basic Grammar Concepts

• Nouns and Pronouns
• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Verbs and Tenses
• Prepositions and Conjunctions

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Everyday Situations

• At Home
• At Work
• At School
• Shopping
• Travel and Transportation

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More Grammar Concepts

• Question Formation
• Negation
• Imperatives
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Expressing Possession

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Culture and Traditions

• Festivals and Celebrations
• Traditional Clothing
• Music and Dance
• Cuisine
• History and Landmarks

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Advanced Grammar Concepts

• Conditional Sentences
• Passive Voice
• Subjunctive Mood
• Relative Clauses
• Reported Speech

Other Lessons

• Imperatives
• Nouns and Pronouns
• Sindhi Alphabet
• How to Use Have
• Basic Consonants and Vowels
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Question Formation
• Reported Speech
• How to Use Be

Sources

• Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet