Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics"

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{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
| theormodynamics ||
| 热力学 ||
| rè lìxué ||
| Thermodynamik [f] ||
| thermodynamique [f] ||
| 熱力学 ||
| ね↑つりき↓がく ||
| термодина́мика ||
|-
|-
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 29: Line 20:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| classical thermodynamics ||
| 经典热力学 ||  
| 经典热力学 ||  
| jīngdiǎn rèlìxué ||  
| jīngdiǎn rèlìxué ||  
| klassische Thermodynamik ||  
| klassische Thermodynamik ||  
| classical thermodynamics ||
| thermodynamique [f] classique ||  
| thermodynamique [f] classique ||  
| 古典熱力学 ||  
| 古典熱力学 ||  
Line 38: Line 29:
| класси́ческая термодина́мика ||  
| класси́ческая термодина́мика ||  
|-
|-
| statistical mechanics ||
| 统计力学 ||  
| 统计力学 ||  
| tǒngjì lìxué ||  
| tǒngjì lìxué ||  
| statistische Mechanik ||  
| statistische Mechanik ||  
| statistical mechanics ||
| physique [f] statistique ||  
| physique [f] statistique ||  
| 統計力学 ||  
| 統計力学 ||  
Line 47: Line 38:
| статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика ||  
| статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика ||  
|-
|-
| chemical thermodynamics ||
| 化学热力学 ||  
| 化学热力学 ||  
| huàxué rèlìxué ||  
| huàxué rèlìxué ||  
| chemische Thermodynamik ||  
| chemische Thermodynamik ||  
| chemical thermodynamics ||
| thermodynamique [f] chimique ||  
| thermodynamique [f] chimique ||  
| 化学熱力学 ||  
| 化学熱力学 ||  
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| хими́ческая термодина́мика ||  
| хими́ческая термодина́мика ||  
|-
|-
| quantum thermodynamics ||
| 量子热力学 ||  
| 量子热力学 ||  
| liàngzǐ rèlìxué ||  
| liàngzǐ rèlìxué ||  
| Quantenthermodynamik [f] ||  
| Quantenthermodynamik [f] ||  
| quantum thermodynamics ||
| thermodynamique [f] quantique ||  
| thermodynamique [f] quantique ||  
| 量子熱力学 ||  
| 量子熱力学 ||  
Line 65: Line 56:
| ква́нтовой термодина́мики ||  
| ква́нтовой термодина́мики ||  
|-
|-
| non-equilibrium thermodynamics ||
| 非平衡态热力学 ||  
| 非平衡态热力学 ||  
| fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué ||  
| fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué ||  
| Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] ||  
| Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] ||  
| non-equilibrium thermodynamics ||
| thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre ||  
| thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre ||  
| 非平衡熱力学 ||  
| 非平衡熱力学 ||  
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=== Classical Thermodynamics ===
=== Classical Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| absolute zero || temperature; particle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| absolute zero || temperature; particle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
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| absorption refrigerator || refrigeration
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| absorption refrigerator || refrigeration
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| adiabatic process || thermodynamic process
|  ||  
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| adiabatic process || thermodynamic process
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| Antoine equation || temperature; vapor pressure
|  ||  
|  ||  
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| Antoine equation || temperature; vapor pressure
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Bridgman's thermodynamic equations || internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Bridgman's thermodynamic equations || internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Carnot heat engine || Carnot cycle; heat engine
|  ||  
|  ||  
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| Carnot heat engine || Carnot cycle; heat engine
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Carnot cycle || thermodynamic cycle
|  ||  
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| Carnot cycle || thermodynamic cycle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule || heat engine
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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| Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule || heat engine
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Clausius theorem || thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Clausius theorem || thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| closed system || physical system; thermodynamic system
|  ||  
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| closed system || physical system; thermodynamic system
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| coefficient of performance || heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
| coefficient of performance || heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| conjugate variables ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| conjugate variables ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| enthalpy || internal energy; pressure; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
| enthalpy || internal energy; pressure; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| entropy || work <mechanics>; energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| entropy || work <mechanics>; energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| equation of state || thermodynamic equation; state variable
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| equation of state || thermodynamic equation; state variable
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| first law of thermodynamics || law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| free expansion, Joule expansion || irreversible process; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| free expansion, Joule expansion || irreversible process; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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| fundamental thermodynamic relation || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| fundamental thermodynamic relation || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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| gas constant || energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| gas constant || energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
|  ||  
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| heat pump || mechanical energy; mechanical work
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|-
|-
| heat pump || mechanical energy; mechanical work
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| heat || energy
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| heat || energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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| heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient ||
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient ||
|  ||  
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| heat engine || mechanical energy; mechanical work
|  ||  
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|-
|-
| heat engine || mechanical energy; mechanical work
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| ideal gas || point particle
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|-
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| ideal gas || point particle
|  ||  
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| ideal gas law, general gas equation || equation of state; ideal gas
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|-
|-
| ideal gas law, general gas equation || equation of state; ideal gas
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| internal energy || thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
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|-
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| internal energy || thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
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| irreversible process || thermodynamic process
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|-
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| irreversible process || thermodynamic process
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| isentropic process || adiabatic process; reversible process
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|-
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| isentropic process || adiabatic process; reversible process
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| isenthalpic process || thermodynamic process; enthalpy
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|-
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| isenthalpic process || thermodynamic process; enthalpy
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| isobaric process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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| isobaric process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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| isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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|-
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| isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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| isolated system || physical system; thermodynamic system
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| isolated system || physical system; thermodynamic system
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| isothermal process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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|-
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| isothermal process || thermodynamic process; closed system
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| Kelvin scale || thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
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|-
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| Kelvin scale || thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
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| law of conservation of energy || energy; isolated system
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|-
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| law of conservation of energy || energy; isolated system
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| Mayer's relation || specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
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|-
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| Mayer's relation || specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
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| particle number, number of particles || thermodynamic system; particle
|  ||  
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|-
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| particle number, number of particles || thermodynamic system; particle
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| perpetual motion machine || laws of thermodynamics
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|-
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| perpetual motion machine || laws of thermodynamics
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| polytropic index || polytropic process
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|-
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| polytropic index || polytropic process
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| polytropic process || thermodynamic process
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|-
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| polytropic process || thermodynamic process
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| pressure–volume diagram || thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
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|-
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| pressure–volume diagram || thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
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| process function, path function || thermodynamic process
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|-
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| process function, path function || thermodynamic process
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| quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process || thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
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|-
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| quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process || thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
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| real gas || ideal gas law
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|-
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| real gas || ideal gas law
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| refrigerant || refrigeration
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|-
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| refrigerant || refrigeration
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| refrigeration || cooling
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| refrigeration || cooling
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| reversible process || thermodynamic process
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|-
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| reversible process || thermodynamic process
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| reversed Carnot cycle || Carnot cycle
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|-
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| reversed Carnot cycle || Carnot cycle
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| scale of temperature || temperature
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|-
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| scale of temperature || temperature
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| state function, function of state, point function || state variable <control theory>
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|-
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| second law of thermodynamics || entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
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| Stirling engine || reciprocating engine
|  ||  
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|-
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| state function, function of state, point function || state variable <control theory>
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| temperature ||
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|-
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| Stirling engine || reciprocating engine
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| temperature–entropy diagram || thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
|-
| temperature ||
|  ||  
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| thermal conduction || heat transfer
|  ||  
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|  ||  
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|-
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| temperature–entropy diagram || thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
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|  ||  
| thermal convection, convective heat transfer || heat transfer
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 591: Line 582:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermal conduction || heat transfer
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermal efficiency || thermal energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 600: Line 591:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermal convection, convective heat transfer || heat transfer
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermal energy || enthalpy; heat
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 609: Line 600:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermal efficiency || thermal energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermal radiation || electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 618: Line 609:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermal energy || enthalpy; heat
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic cycle || thermodynamic process
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 627: Line 618:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermal radiation || electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic diagram || thermodynamic state
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 636: Line 627:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic cycle || thermodynamic process
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic free energy || work; thermodynamic system
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 645: Line 636:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic diagram || thermodynamic state
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential || scalar
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 654: Line 645:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic free energy || work; thermodynamic system
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic process || thermodynamic system
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 663: Line 654:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential || scalar
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic state || thermodynamic system; time
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 672: Line 663:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic process || thermodynamic system
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square || conjugate variables
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 681: Line 672:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic state || thermodynamic system; time
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic system ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 690: Line 681:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square || conjugate variables
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic temperature || temperature
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 699: Line 690:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic system ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| vapor-compression refrigeration || intensive property; phase transition
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 708: Line 699:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic temperature || temperature
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| volume || intensive property
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 717: Line 708:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| third law of thermodynamics || entropy; absolute zero
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 725: Line 715:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|-
| vapor-compression refrigeration || intensive property; phase transition
| thermodynamic law ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 735: Line 738:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| volume || intensive property
| ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 744: Line 747:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| zeroth law of thermodynamics || thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| first law of thermodynamics || law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 756: Line 759:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| second law of thermodynamics || entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|  ||  
|  ||  
|}
|  ||
|  ||
| third law of thermodynamics || entropy; absolute zero
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|-
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
| zeroth law of thermodynamics || thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ phase transition
|+ phase transition
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
Line 774: Line 795:
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|-
| phase transition || physical change
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| phase transition || physical change
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 792: Line 813:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| condensation || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| condensation || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 801: Line 822:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| deposition || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| deposition || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 810: Line 831:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| freezing || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| freezing || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 819: Line 840:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| ionization || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| ionization || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 828: Line 849:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| melting || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| melting || phase transition; solid; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 837: Line 858:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| sublimation || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| sublimation || phase transition; solid; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 846: Line 867:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| recombination || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| recombination || phase transition; plasma; gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 855: Line 876:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| vaporization || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| vaporization || phase transition; gas; liquid
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 876: Line 897:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ state of matter
|+ state of matter
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
Line 885: Line 906:
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
|-
|-
| state of matter ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| state of matter ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 903: Line 924:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| gas || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| gas || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 912: Line 933:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| liquid || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| liquid || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 921: Line 942:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| plasma || state of matter; charged particles
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| plasma || state of matter; charged particles
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 930: Line 951:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| solid || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| solid || state of matter
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 939: Line 960:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| vapor || liquid; critical point
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| vapor || liquid; critical point
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 960: Line 981:
==== Statistical Mechanics ====
==== Statistical Mechanics ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
Line 978: Line 999:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation || thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation || thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 987: Line 1,008:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy || thermodynamic potential
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy || thermodynamic potential
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 996: Line 1,017:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble || statistical ensemble
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble || statistical ensemble
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,005: Line 1,026:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy || internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,014: Line 1,035:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy || isothermal process
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy || isothermal process
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,023: Line 1,044:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| H-theorem || entropy; ideal gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| H-theorem || entropy; ideal gas
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,032: Line 1,053:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| kinetic theory of gases || gas; particle number
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| kinetic theory of gases || gas; particle number
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,041: Line 1,062:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Landau free energy, Landau potential ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Landau free energy, Landau potential ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,050: Line 1,071:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Maxwell relations
| symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
|  ||
|  ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Maxwell relations || symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,060: Line 1,080:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory ||
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,069: Line 1,089:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| specific enthalpy || enthalpy; mass
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| specific enthalpy || enthalpy; mass
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,078: Line 1,098:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit || particle number; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit || particle number; volume
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,087: Line 1,107:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| thermodynamic potential || thermodynamic state; scalar
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| thermodynamic potential || thermodynamic state; scalar
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,096: Line 1,116:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| Vlasov equation || differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| Vlasov equation || differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,117: Line 1,137:
=== Chemical Thermodynamics ===
=== Chemical Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
Line 1,135: Line 1,155:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| chemical potential || chemical species; energy; phase transition
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| chemical potential || chemical species; energy; phase transition
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,156: Line 1,176:
=== Quantum Thermodynamics ===
=== Quantum Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
Line 1,186: Line 1,206:
=== Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
=== Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
Line 1,215: Line 1,235:
=== Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
=== Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
Line 1,246: Line 1,266:
=== Sentence ===
=== Sentence ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: concept !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 前提
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí
! deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
! eng-Latn-US: sentence !! eng-Latn-US: prerequisite
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] !! fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ​↑んしょ↓う !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
! rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за !! rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
|-
|-
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,278: Line 1,298:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! symbol
! symbol
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
Line 1,298: Line 1,318:
|-
|-
| ''C''
| ''C''
| heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,308: Line 1,328:
|-
|-
| ''C''<sub>p</sub>
| ''C''<sub>p</sub>
| isobaric heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| isobaric heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,317: Line 1,337:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ''C''<sub>V</sub>
| ''C''<sub>V</sub>x
| isochoric heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| isobaric heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,328: Line 1,348:
|-
|-
| d, Δ
| d, Δ
| change
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| change
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,338: Line 1,358:
|-
|-
| ''H''
| ''H''
| enthalpy
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| enthalpy
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,348: Line 1,368:
|-
|-
| ''I''
| ''I''
| thermal intensity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| thermal intensity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,358: Line 1,378:
|-
|-
| ''L''
| ''L''
| specific latent heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| specific latent heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,368: Line 1,388:
|-
|-
| ''M''
| ''M''
| molar mass
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| molar mass
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,378: Line 1,398:
|-
|-
| ''m''
| ''m''
| mass
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| mass
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,388: Line 1,408:
|-
|-
| ''N''
| ''N''
| particle number
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| particle number
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,398: Line 1,418:
|-
|-
| ''N''<sub>A</sub>
| ''N''<sub>A</sub>
| Avogadro constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Avogadro constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,408: Line 1,428:
|-
|-
| ''n''
| ''n''
| mole number
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| mole number
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,418: Line 1,438:
|-
|-
| ''P'', ''p''
| ''P'', ''p''
| pressure
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| pressure
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,428: Line 1,448:
|-
|-
| ''p''
| ''p''
| volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,438: Line 1,458:
|-
|-
| ''Q''
| ''Q''
| heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,448: Line 1,468:
|-
|-
| ''Q''<sub>L<sub>
| ''Q''<sub>L<sub>
| latent heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| latent heat
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,458: Line 1,478:
|-
|-
| ''q''
| ''q''
| vapor quality
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| vapor quality
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,468: Line 1,488:
|-
|-
| '''q'''
| '''q'''
| heat flux density
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| heat flux density
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,478: Line 1,498:
|-
|-
| ''R''
| ''R''
| gas constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| gas constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,488: Line 1,508:
|-
|-
| ''S''
| ''S''
| entropy
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| entropy
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,498: Line 1,518:
|-
|-
| ''T''
| ''T''
| thermodynamic temperature
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| thermodynamic temperature
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,508: Line 1,528:
|-
|-
| ''U''
| ''U''
| internal energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| internal energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,518: Line 1,538:
|-
|-
| ''V''
| ''V''
| volume
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| volume
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,528: Line 1,548:
|-
|-
| ''W''
| ''W''
| work
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| work
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,538: Line 1,558:
|-
|-
| ''α''
| ''α''
| coefficient of thermal expansion
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| coefficient of thermal expansion
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,548: Line 1,568:
|-
|-
| ''β''
| ''β''
| compressibility
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| compressibility
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,558: Line 1,578:
|-
|-
| ''ρ''
| ''ρ''
| density
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| density
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,568: Line 1,588:
|-
|-
| ''γ, κ''
| ''γ, κ''
| heat capacity ratio
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| heat capacity ratio
|  
|  
| x
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ''δ''
| ''δ''
| infinitesimal change
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| infinitesimal change
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,588: Line 1,608:
|-
|-
| ''Φ''
| ''Φ''
| Massieu potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Massieu potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,598: Line 1,618:
|-
|-
| ''Ξ''
| ''Ξ''
| Planck potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Planck potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,608: Line 1,628:
|-
|-
| ''ν''
| ''ν''
| specific volume
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| specific volume
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,631: Line 1,651:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! symbol
! symbol
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
Line 1,651: Line 1,671:
|-
|-
| ''A'', ''F''
| ''A'', ''F''
| Helmholtz free energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Helmholtz free energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,661: Line 1,681:
|-
|-
| ''c''<sub>p</sub>
| ''c''<sub>p</sub>
| specific heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| specific heat capacity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,671: Line 1,691:
|-
|-
| ''G''
| ''G''
| Gibbs free energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Gibbs free energy
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,681: Line 1,701:
|-
|-
| ''k''<sub>B</sub>
| ''k''<sub>B</sub>
| Boltzmann constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| Boltzmann constant
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,691: Line 1,711:
|-
|-
| ''Φ''<sub>G</sub>, ''Ω''
| ''Φ''<sub>G</sub>, ''Ω''
| grand potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| grand potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,714: Line 1,734:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! symbol
! symbol
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Hans-CN: 概念
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]
! eng-Latn-US: concept
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念
Line 1,734: Line 1,754:
|-
|-
| ''Q''<sub>r<sub>
| ''Q''<sub>r<sub>
| reaction quotient
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| reaction quotient
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,744: Line 1,764:
|-
|-
| ''a''
| ''a''
| thermodynamic activity
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| thermodynamic activity
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,754: Line 1,774:
|-
|-
| ''μ''
| ''μ''
| chemical potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| chemical potential
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 1,777: Line 1,797:
==== Classical Thermodynamics ====
==== Classical Thermodynamics ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: process !! eng-Latn-US: constituent
! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件
! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn
! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]
! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]
! eng-Latn-US: process !! eng-Latn-US: constituent
! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↓うざい
! jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい !! jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↑うざい
! rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс !! rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть
! rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс !! rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть
|-
|-
Line 1,795: Line 1,815:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| calculation of heat capacity || heat capacity; amount of heat; temperature
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| calculation of heat capacity || heat capacity; amount of heat; temperature
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,804: Line 1,824:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| calculation of ideal gas law || pressure; volume; temperature; amount of substance; ideal gas constant
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| calculation of ideal gas law || pressure; volume; temperature; amount of substance; ideal gas constant
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,834: Line 1,854:
==== Statistical Mechanics ====
==== Statistical Mechanics ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! eng-Latn-US: process !! eng-Latn-US: constituent
! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件
! cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 !! cmn-Hans-CN: 构件
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn
! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng !! cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn
! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]
! deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] !! deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]
! eng-Latn-US: process !! eng-Latn-US: constituent
! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]
! fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] !! fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材
! jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 !! jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材
Line 1,852: Line 1,872:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| calculation of Gibbs free energy || Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| calculation of Gibbs free energy || Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
Line 1,861: Line 1,881:
|  ||  
|  ||  
|-
|-
| calculation of Helmholtz free energy || Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
| calculation of Helmholtz free energy || Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  
|  ||  

Revision as of 08:21, 26 March 2022

Hello polyglots, 😀

On this page you will find a part of the Sci–Tech Index, a project for science and technology learners.

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
经典热力学 jīngdiǎn rèlìxué klassische Thermodynamik classical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] classique 古典熱力学 こ↑てんねつりき↓がく класси́ческая термодина́мика
统计力学 tǒngjì lìxué statistische Mechanik statistical mechanics physique [f] statistique 統計力学 と↑うけいりき↓がく статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
化学热力学 huàxué rèlìxué chemische Thermodynamik chemical thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] chimique 化学熱力学 か↑がくねつりき↓がく хими́ческая термодина́мика
量子热力学 liàngzǐ rèlìxué Quantenthermodynamik [f] quantum thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] quantique 量子熱力学 りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく ква́нтовой термодина́мики
非平衡态热力学 fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f] non-equilibrium thermodynamics thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre 非平衡熱力学 ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく неравнове́сная термодина́мика

Main

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
absolute zero temperature; particle
absorption refrigerator refrigeration
adiabatic process thermodynamic process
Antoine equation temperature; vapor pressure
Bridgman's thermodynamic equations internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
Carnot heat engine Carnot cycle; heat engine
Carnot cycle thermodynamic cycle
Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule heat engine
Clausius theorem thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle
closed system physical system; thermodynamic system
coefficient of performance heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy
conjugate variables
enthalpy internal energy; pressure; volume
entropy work <mechanics>; energy
equation of state thermodynamic equation; state variable
free expansion, Joule expansion irreversible process; volume
fundamental thermodynamic relation internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
gas constant energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
heat pump mechanical energy; mechanical work
heat energy
heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient
heat engine mechanical energy; mechanical work
ideal gas point particle
ideal gas law, general gas equation equation of state; ideal gas
internal energy thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
irreversible process thermodynamic process
isentropic process adiabatic process; reversible process
isenthalpic process thermodynamic process; enthalpy
isobaric process thermodynamic process; closed system
isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process thermodynamic process; closed system
isolated system physical system; thermodynamic system
isothermal process thermodynamic process; closed system
Kelvin scale thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
law of conservation of energy energy; isolated system
Mayer's relation specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
particle number, number of particles thermodynamic system; particle
perpetual motion machine laws of thermodynamics
polytropic index polytropic process
polytropic process thermodynamic process
pressure–volume diagram thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
process function, path function thermodynamic process
quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
real gas ideal gas law
refrigerant refrigeration
refrigeration cooling
reversible process thermodynamic process
reversed Carnot cycle Carnot cycle
scale of temperature temperature
state function, function of state, point function state variable <control theory>
Stirling engine reciprocating engine
temperature
temperature–entropy diagram thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
thermal conduction heat transfer
thermal convection, convective heat transfer heat transfer
thermal efficiency thermal energy
thermal energy enthalpy; heat
thermal radiation electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
thermodynamic cycle thermodynamic process
thermodynamic diagram thermodynamic state
thermodynamic free energy work; thermodynamic system
thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential scalar
thermodynamic process thermodynamic system
thermodynamic state thermodynamic system; time
thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square conjugate variables
thermodynamic system
thermodynamic temperature temperature
vapor-compression refrigeration intensive property; phase transition
volume intensive property
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
thermodynamic law
first law of thermodynamics law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
second law of thermodynamics entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
third law of thermodynamics entropy; absolute zero
zeroth law of thermodynamics thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium
phase transition
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
phase transition physical change
condensation phase transition; gas; liquid
deposition phase transition; solid; gas
freezing phase transition; solid; liquid
ionization phase transition; plasma; gas
melting phase transition; solid; liquid
sublimation phase transition; solid; gas
recombination phase transition; plasma; gas
vaporization phase transition; gas; liquid
state of matter
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
state of matter
gas state of matter
liquid state of matter
plasma state of matter; charged particles
solid state of matter
vapor liquid; critical point

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy thermodynamic potential
grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble statistical ensemble
grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy isothermal process
H-theorem entropy; ideal gas
kinetic theory of gases gas; particle number
Landau free energy, Landau potential
Maxwell relations symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory
specific enthalpy enthalpy; mass
thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit particle number; volume
thermodynamic potential thermodynamic state; scalar
Vlasov equation differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle

Chemical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка
chemical potential chemical species; energy; phase transition

Quantum Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: concept eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Appendix

Sentence

cmn-Hans-CN: 语句 cmn-Hans-CN: 前提 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m] deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f] eng-Latn-US: sentence eng-Latn-US: prerequisite fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f] fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章 jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提 jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ​↑んしょ↓う jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Symbol

Classical Thermodynamics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] eng-Latn-US: concept fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция
C heat capacity
Cp isobaric heat capacity
CVx isobaric heat capacity
d, Δ change
H enthalpy
I thermal intensity
L specific latent heat
M molar mass
m mass
N particle number
NA Avogadro constant
n mole number
P, p pressure
p volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
Q heat
QL latent heat
q vapor quality
q heat flux density
R gas constant
S entropy
T thermodynamic temperature
U internal energy
V volume
W work
α coefficient of thermal expansion
β compressibility
ρ density
γ, κ heat capacity ratio x
δ infinitesimal change
Φ Massieu potential
Ξ Planck potential
ν specific volume

Statistical Mechanics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] eng-Latn-US: concept fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция
A, F Helmholtz free energy
cp specific heat capacity
G Gibbs free energy
kB Boltzmann constant
ΦG, Ω grand potential

Chemical Thermodynamics

symbol cmn-Hans-CN: 概念 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m] eng-Latn-US: concept fra-Latn-FR: concept [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念 jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция
Qr reaction quotient
a thermodynamic activity
μ chemical potential

Process

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] eng-Latn-US: process eng-Latn-US: constituent fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↑うざい rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть
calculation of heat capacity heat capacity; amount of heat; temperature
calculation of ideal gas law pressure; volume; temperature; amount of substance; ideal gas constant

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 过程 cmn-Hans-CN: 构件 cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m] deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m] eng-Latn-US: process eng-Latn-US: constituent fra-Latn-FR: procès [m] fra-Latn-FR: composant [m] jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程 jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材 jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↓うざい rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть
calculation of Gibbs free energy Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
calculation of Helmholtz free energy Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy

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