Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Vocabulary/Common-strong-and-mixed-verbs"

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This list here combines the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet, also has its own.
[[File:learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg|thumb]]
Hello everyone,
 
In today's lesson you will find a list combining the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet.


You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs:  
You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs:  
Line 7: Line 10:
Derived terms are not to be listed.
Derived terms are not to be listed.


== Strong verbs ==
<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you:</span> [[Language/Swiss-german/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]], [[Language/Swiss-german/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]], [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] & [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Shopping|Shopping]].
== '''Strong verbs''' ==


Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes:
Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes:
Line 13: Line 17:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs


=== Class 1 ===
=== '''Class 1''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 32: Line 36:
| '''bisse'''
| '''bisse'''
| '''hat gebissen'''
| '''hat gebissen'''
| to bite, to sting, to burn, to be sharp, to be spicy
| to bite; to sting; to burn; to be sharp; to be spicy
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| '''bliebe'''
| '''bliebe'''
| '''ist geblieben'''
| '''ist geblieben'''
| to remain, to keep on, to stay, to be, to be left for someone, to stick with
| to remain; to keep on; to stay; to be; to be left for someone; to stick with
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''gliche'''
| '''gliche'''
| '''hat geglichen'''
| '''hat geglichen'''
| to resemble, to be alike
| to resemble; to be alike
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''glitte'''
| '''glitte'''
| '''ist geglitten'''
| '''ist geglitten'''
| to glide, to slide
| to glide; to slide
| Its derived term “begleiten” is a weak verb.
| Its derived term “begleiten” is a weak verb.
|-
|-
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| '''griffe'''
| '''griffe'''
| '''hat gegriffen'''
| '''hat gegriffen'''
| to grab, to seize, to capture
| to grab; to seize; to capture
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''kniffe'''
| '''kniffe'''
| '''hat gekniffen'''
| '''hat gekniffen'''
| to pinch, to squeeze
| to pinch; to squeeze
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''litte'''
| '''litte'''
| '''hat gelitten'''
| '''hat gelitten'''
| to bear, to suffer
| to bear; to suffer
| Its derived term “verleiden” is a weak verb.
| Its derived term “verleiden” is a weak verb.
|-
|-
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| '''liehe'''
| '''liehe'''
| '''hat geliehen'''
| '''hat geliehen'''
| to lend, to borrow
| to lend; to borrow
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''miede'''
| '''miede'''
| '''hat gemieden'''
| '''hat gemieden'''
| to avoid, to shun
| to avoid; to shun
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''pfiffe'''
| '''pfiffe'''
| '''hat gepfiffen'''
| '''hat gepfiffen'''
| to whistle, to act as referee
| to whistle; to act as referee
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''riebe'''
| '''riebe'''
| '''hat gerieben'''
| '''hat gerieben'''
| to rub, to grate
| to rub; to grate
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''risse'''
| '''risse'''
| '''ist/hat gerissen'''
| '''ist/hat gerissen'''
| to tear, to break, to snatch
| to tear; to break; to snatch
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”, the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
| '''reiten'''
| '''reiten'''
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| '''ist/hat geritten'''
| '''ist/hat geritten'''
| to ride
| to ride
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, with “ist” also practically used, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”, with “sein” also practically used; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''scheiden'''
| '''scheiden'''
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| '''schiede'''
| '''schiede'''
| '''ist/hat geschieden'''
| '''ist/hat geschieden'''
| to separate, to be separated
| to separate; to be separated
| When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''scheinen'''
| '''scheinen'''
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| '''schiene'''
| '''schiene'''
| '''hat geschienen'''
| '''hat geschienen'''
| to shine, to seem
| to shine; to seem
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schliche'''
| '''schliche'''
| '''ist geschlichen'''
| '''ist geschlichen'''
| to crawl, to sneak, (car) to move slowly
| to crawl; to sneak; (car) to move slowly
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| schleifte'''/schliffe'''
| schleifte'''/schliffe'''
| '''hat geschliffen'''
| '''hat geschliffen'''
| to whet, to drag
| to whet; to drag
| When it means “to whet”, the strong forms are used, otherwise the weak form.
| When it means “to whet”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|-
|-
| '''schmeißen'''
| '''schmeißen'''
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| '''schmisse'''
| '''schmisse'''
| '''hat geschmissen'''
| '''hat geschmissen'''
| to throw, to drop by accident, to manage
| to throw; to drop by accident; to manage
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| '''schnitte'''
| '''schnitte'''
| '''hat geschnitten'''
| '''hat geschnitten'''
| to cut, to pare, to cut off, to intersect
| to cut; to pare; to cut off; to intersect
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schriebe'''
| '''schriebe'''
| '''hat geschrieben'''
| '''hat geschrieben'''
| to write, to spell
| to write; to spell
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schriee'''
| '''schriee'''
| '''hat geschrien'''
| '''hat geschrien'''
| to shout, to yell
| to shout; to yell
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schwiege'''
| '''schwiege'''
| '''hat geschwiegen'''
| '''hat geschwiegen'''
| to be silent, to stop talking
| to be silent; to stop talking
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''stiege'''
| '''stiege'''
| '''ist gestiegen'''
| '''ist gestiegen'''
| to ascend, to climb, to rise, to rear up
| to ascend; to climb; to rise; to rear up
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''streichen'''
| '''streichen'''
| streicht
| streicht
| schteich''e''
| streich''e''
| '''strich'''
| '''strich'''
| '''striche'''
| '''striche'''
| '''ist/hat gestrichen'''
| '''ist/hat gestrichen'''
| to stroke, to cancel, to spread, to paint
| to stroke; to cancel; to spread; to paint
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''stritte'''
| '''stritte'''
| '''hat gestritten'''
| '''hat gestritten'''
| to quarrel, to fight
| to quarrel; to fight
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''triebe'''
| '''triebe'''
| '''ist/hat getrieben'''
| '''ist/hat getrieben'''
| to propel, to put forth, to urge, to drift, to sprout, to do
| to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''verzeihen'''
| '''verzeihen'''
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| weichte'''/wiche'''
| weichte'''/wiche'''
| hat geweicht'''/ist gewichen'''
| hat geweicht'''/ist gewichen'''
| to wane, to yield, to soak
| to wane; to yield; to soak
| When it means“ to soak”, the weak forms are used.
| When it means “to soak”, the weak forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''weisen'''
| '''weisen'''
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| '''wiese'''
| '''wiese'''
| '''hat gewiesen'''
| '''hat gewiesen'''
| to point, to indicate
| to point; to indicate
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Class 2 ===
=== '''Class 2''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| '''böge'''
| '''böge'''
| '''ist/hat gebogen'''
| '''ist/hat gebogen'''
| to bend, to turn
| to bend; to turn
| When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''bieten'''
| '''bieten'''
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| '''böte'''
| '''böte'''
| '''hat geboten'''
| '''hat geboten'''
| to offer, to bid, (opportunity) to ariseb
| to offer; to bid; (opportunity) to arise
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''flöge'''
| '''flöge'''
| '''ist/hat geflogen'''
| '''ist/hat geflogen'''
| to fly, to rush
| to fly; to rush
| When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''fliehen'''
| '''fliehen'''
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| '''ist geflohen'''
| '''ist geflohen'''
| to flee
| to flee
| When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
| When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
|-
|-
| '''fließen/fliessen'''
| '''fließen/fliessen'''
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| '''fröre'''
| '''fröre'''
| '''ist/hat gefroren'''
| '''ist/hat gefroren'''
| to freeze, to feel code, to be freezing
| to freeze; to feel cold; to be freezing
| When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”, when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
| When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
|-
|-
| '''genießen/geniessen'''
| '''genießen/geniessen'''
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| '''genösse'''
| '''genösse'''
| '''hat genossen'''
| '''hat genossen'''
| to enjoy, to have (food and drink)
| to enjoy; to have (food and drink)
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| '''gösse'''
| '''gösse'''
| '''hat gegossen'''
| '''hat gegossen'''
| to pour, to cast, to water, to rain
| to pour; to cast; to water; to rain
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| '''kröche'''
| '''kröche'''
| '''ist gekrochen'''
| '''ist gekrochen'''
| to crawl, to creep
| to crawl; to creep
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''löge'''
| '''löge'''
| '''hat gelogen'''
| '''hat gelogen'''
| to tell a lie, (less often) to unintentionally give false information
| to tell a lie; (less often) to unintentionally give false information
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''röche'''
| '''röche'''
| '''hat gerochen'''
| '''hat gerochen'''
| to smell, to reek
| to smell; to reek
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''söffe'''
| '''söffe'''
| '''hat gesoffen'''
| '''hat gesoffen'''
| (an animal) to drink, to booze
| (an animal) to drink; to booze
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| saugte'''/söge'''
| saugte'''/söge'''
| '''hat gesaugt/gesogen'''
| '''hat gesaugt/gesogen'''
| to suck, to vacuum
| to suck; to vacuum
| When it means “to such”, the strong forms are used, when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used.
| When it means “to suck”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''schieben'''
| '''schieben'''
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| '''schöbe'''
| '''schöbe'''
| '''hat geschoben'''
| '''hat geschoben'''
| to push, to slide
| to push; to slide
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schösse'''
| '''schösse'''
| '''ist/hat geschossen'''
| '''ist/hat geschossen'''
| to shoot, (photography) to shoot, (sports) to kick
| to shoot; (photography) to shoot; (sports) to kick
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| '''schlösse'''
| '''schlösse'''
| '''hat geschlossen'''
| '''hat geschlossen'''
| to shut, to close, to lock, to conclude
| to shut; to close; to lock; to conclude
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
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| siedete'''/sötte'''
| siedete'''/sötte'''
| '''hat gesotten'''
| '''hat gesotten'''
| to simmer, to boil
| to simmer; to boil
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''tröge'''
| '''tröge'''
| '''hat getrogen'''
| '''hat getrogen'''
| to deceive, to be deceptive
| to deceive; to be deceptive
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''verlöre'''
| '''verlöre'''
| '''hat verloren'''
| '''hat verloren'''
| to lose, to shed, to trail away
| to lose; to shed; to trail away
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| wiegte'''/wöge'''
| wiegte'''/wöge'''
| '''hat gewogen'''
| '''hat gewogen'''
| to weigh, to sway, to chop
| to weigh; to sway; to chop
| When it means “to weigh”, the strong forms are used, otherwise the weak form.
| When it means “to weigh”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|-
|-
| '''ziehen'''
| '''ziehen'''
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| '''zöge'''
| '''zöge'''
| '''ist/hat gezogen'''
| '''ist/hat gezogen'''
| to pull, to draw, to move, to roam
| to pull; to draw; to move; to roam
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Class 3 ===
=== '''Class 3''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| '''bärge'''
| '''bärge'''
| '''hat geborgen'''
| '''hat geborgen'''
| to rescue, to salvage, to conseal, to contain
| to rescue; to salvage; to conseal; to contain
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''ist geborsten'''
| '''ist geborsten'''
| to burst
| to burst
| “Berstet” and “borst” are seldom used, 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: “birst”.
| Forms “berstet” and “borst” are seldom used; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: “birst”.
|-
| '''bewegen'''
| bewegt
| beweg''e''
| bewegte'''/bewog'''
| bewegte'''/bewöge'''
| '''hat bewogen'''
| to persuade, to promt, to induce, to move, to stir
| When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used, when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''binden'''
| '''binden'''
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| '''bände'''
| '''bände'''
| '''hat gebunden'''
| '''hat gebunden'''
| to tie up, to bind, to knot, to congeal, to thicken, to be involved
| to tie up; to bind; to knot; to congeal; to thicken; to be involved
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''dränge'''
| '''dränge'''
| '''ist/hat gedrungen'''
| '''ist/hat gedrungen'''
| to insist, to seep, to force one’s way
| to insist; to seep; to force one’s way
| When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, otherwise “ist”.
| When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; otherwise “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''erklimmen'''
| '''erklimmen'''
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| erlöschte'''/erlösche'''
| erlöschte'''/erlösche'''
| hat erlöscht / '''ist erloschen'''
| hat erlöscht / '''ist erloschen'''
| to extinguish, to go out, to lapse
| to extinguish; to go out; to lapse
| When it is transitive, the weak forms are used, when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
| When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''fechten'''
| '''fechten'''
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| '''föchte'''
| '''föchte'''
| '''hat gefochten'''
| '''hat gefochten'''
| to fence, to fight
| to fence; to fight
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard, only the standard form has the sense of “to fight”.
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard; only the standard form has the sense of “to fight”.
|-
|-
| '''finden'''
| '''finden'''
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| '''fände'''
| '''fände'''
| '''hat gefunden'''
| '''hat gefunden'''
| to find, to think (something) to be
| to find; to think (something) to be
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''flöchte'''
| '''flöchte'''
| '''hat geflochten'''
| '''hat geflochten'''
| to plait, to braid
| to plait; to braid
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
|-
|-
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| gärte'''/göre'''
| gärte'''/göre'''
| hat gegärt '''/ ist/hat gegoren'''
| hat gegärt '''/ ist/hat gegoren'''
| to ferment, to be agitated
| to ferment; to be agitated
| When it means “to ferment”, the strong forms are used, when it means “to be agitated”, the weak forms are used.
| When it means “to ferment”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to be agitated”, the weak forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''gelingen'''
| '''gelingen'''
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| gälte'''/gölte'''
| gälte'''/gölte'''
| '''hat gegolten'''
| '''hat gegolten'''
| to be valid, to be effective, to be worth
| to be valid; to be effective; to be worth
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''gewänne'''
| '''gewänne'''
| '''hat gewonnen'''
| '''hat gewonnen'''
| to win, to gain, to persuade
| to win; to gain; to persuade
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| glimmte'''/glömme'''
| glimmte'''/glömme'''
| '''hat''' geglimmt'''/geglommen'''
| '''hat''' geglimmt'''/geglommen'''
| to shine, to glow
| to shine; to glow
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''quölle'''
| '''quölle'''
| '''ist gequollen'''
| '''ist gequollen'''
| to well, to swell
| to well; to swell
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''ränge'''
| '''ränge'''
| '''hat gerungen'''
| '''hat gerungen'''
| to wrestle, to struggle
| to wrestle; to struggle
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''ränne/rönne'''
| '''ränne/rönne'''
| '''ist geronnen'''
| '''ist geronnen'''
| to flow, to leak, to run, to trickle
| to flow; to leak; to run; to trickle
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''hat gescholten'''
| '''hat gescholten'''
| to scold
| to scold
|
|-
| '''schinden'''
| schindet
| '''schinde'''
| '''schund'''
| '''schünde'''
| '''hat geschunden'''
| to mistreat
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| '''schlänge'''
| '''schlänge'''
| '''hat geschlungen'''
| '''hat geschlungen'''
| to wind, to tie, to gobble
| to wind; to tie; to gobble
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 809: Line 813:
| '''schmölze'''
| '''schmölze'''
| '''ist/hat geschmolzen'''
| '''ist/hat geschmolzen'''
| to melt, to smelt
| to melt; to smelt
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''schwellen'''
| '''schwellen'''
Line 827: Line 831:
| '''schwämme/schwömme'''
| '''schwämme/schwömme'''
| '''ist/hat geschwommen'''
| '''ist/hat geschwommen'''
| to swim, to float
| to swim; to float
| When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “hat” or “ist”, otherwise “ist”.
| When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “haben” or “sein”; otherwise “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''schwinden'''
| '''schwinden'''
Line 845: Line 849:
| '''schwänge'''
| '''schwänge'''
| '''ist/hat geschwungen'''
| '''ist/hat geschwungen'''
| to swing, to wave, to vibrate
| to swing; to wave; to vibrate
| When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''singen'''
| '''singen'''
Line 863: Line 867:
| '''sänke'''
| '''sänke'''
| '''ist gesunken'''
| '''ist gesunken'''
| to sink, to submerge
| to sink; to submerge
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 872: Line 876:
| '''spänne/spönne'''
| '''spänne/spönne'''
| '''hat gesponnen'''
| '''hat gesponnen'''
| to spin, to fabricate (a story), to be creazy
| to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be crazy
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 881: Line 885:
| '''spränge'''
| '''spränge'''
| '''ist gesprungen'''
| '''ist gesprungen'''
| to spring, to jump
| to spring; to jump
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 917: Line 921:
| '''verdürbe'''
| '''verdürbe'''
| '''ist/hat verdorben'''
| '''ist/hat verdorben'''
| to ruin, to deprive, to spoil, to be offensive
| to ruin; to deprive; to spoil; to be offensive
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 935: Line 939:
| '''würbe'''
| '''würbe'''
| '''hat geworben'''
| '''hat geworben'''
| to recruit, to advertise
| to recruit; to advertise
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 944: Line 948:
| '''würfe'''
| '''würfe'''
| '''hat geworfen'''
| '''hat geworfen'''
| to throw, to cast, (an animal) to give birth
| to throw; to cast; (an animal) to give birth
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 953: Line 957:
| '''wände'''
| '''wände'''
| '''hat gewunden'''
| '''hat gewunden'''
| to wind, to twist, to squirm
| to wind; to twist; to squirm
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 971: Line 975:
| '''zwänge'''
| '''zwänge'''
| '''hat gezwungen'''
| '''hat gezwungen'''
| to force, to compel, to necessitate
| to force; to compel; to necessitate
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Class 4 ===
=== '''Class 4''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 995: Line 999:
| '''befähle'''
| '''befähle'''
| '''hat befohlen'''
| '''hat befohlen'''
| to command, to give orders
| to command; to give orders
|  
|  
|-
| '''bewegen'''
| bewegt
| beweg''e''
| bewegte'''/bewog'''
| bewegte'''/bewöge'''
| '''hat bewogen'''
| to persuade; to promt; to induce; to move; to stir
| When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''brechen'''
| '''brechen'''
Line 1,004: Line 1,017:
| '''bräche'''
| '''bräche'''
| '''ist/hat gebrochen'''
| '''ist/hat gebrochen'''
| to break, to refract, to vomit, to fold
| to break; to refract; to vomit; to fold
| When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”, otherwise “hat”.
| When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; otherwise “hat”.
|-
|-
| '''empfehlen'''
| '''empfehlen'''
Line 1,023: Line 1,036:
| hat erschreckt '''/ ist erschrocken'''
| hat erschreckt '''/ ist erschrocken'''
| to be frightened
| to be frightened
| When it is transitive/reflexive, the weak forms are used, when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
| When it is transitive/reflexive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''gebären'''
| '''gebären'''
Line 1,031: Line 1,044:
| '''gebäre'''
| '''gebäre'''
| '''hat geboren'''
| '''hat geboren'''
| to give birth, to give birth to
| to give birth; to give birth to
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
| It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
|-
|-
Line 1,040: Line 1,053:
| '''käme'''
| '''käme'''
| '''ist gekommen'''
| '''ist gekommen'''
| to come, to get, to occur, to be due to, to be played, to obtain, to get an idea
| to come; to get; to occur; to be due to; to be played; to obtain; to get an idea
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,049: Line 1,062:
| '''nähme'''
| '''nähme'''
| '''hat genommen'''
| '''hat genommen'''
| to take, to seize, to become, to receive, to accept
| to take; to seize; to become; to receive; to accept
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,058: Line 1,071:
| scherte'''/schöre'''
| scherte'''/schöre'''
| ist/hat geschert '''/ hat geschoren'''
| ist/hat geschert '''/ hat geschoren'''
| to shear, to clip, to cut, to bother, to go into a direction
| to shear; to clip; to cut; to bother; to go into a direction
| When it means “to go into a direction”, the weak forms are used, when it means “to shear”, “to clip”, “to cut”, “to bother”, the strong forms are used.
| When it means “to go into a direction”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to shear”, “to clip”, “to cut”, “to bother”, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''sinnen'''
| '''sinnen'''
Line 1,067: Line 1,080:
| '''sänne/sönne'''
| '''sänne/sönne'''
| '''hat gesonnen'''
| '''hat gesonnen'''
| to think, to intend
| to think; to intend
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,085: Line 1,098:
| '''stäche'''
| '''stäche'''
| '''hat gestochen'''
| '''hat gestochen'''
| to stick, to cut, (the sun) burn
| to stick; to cut; (the sun) to burn
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,094: Line 1,107:
| '''stähle/stöhle'''
| '''stähle/stöhle'''
| '''hat gestohlen'''
| '''hat gestohlen'''
| to steal, to skulk
| to steal; to skulk
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,103: Line 1,116:
| '''träfe'''
| '''träfe'''
| '''hat getroffen'''
| '''hat getroffen'''
| to meet, to hit, to affect, to concern
| to meet; to hit; to affect; to concern
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Class 5 ===
=== '''Class 5''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 1,127: Line 1,140:
| '''bäte'''
| '''bäte'''
| '''hat gebeten'''
| '''hat gebeten'''
| to ask, to beg
| to ask; to beg
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,137: Line 1,150:
| '''hat gegessen'''
| '''hat gegessen'''
| to eat
| to eat
| Some Austrian people use “gessen” as the auxiliary verb, the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| Some Austrian people use “gessen” as the auxiliary verb; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
| '''fressen'''
| '''fressen'''
Line 1,154: Line 1,167:
| '''gäbe'''
| '''gäbe'''
| '''hat gegeben'''
| '''hat gegeben'''
| to give, to present, there to be, to result in
| to give; to present; there to be; to result in
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,190: Line 1,203:
| '''läge'''
| '''läge'''
| '''ist/hat gelegen'''
| '''ist/hat gelegen'''
| to lie (in a horizontal position), to lie somewhere, to be located
| to lie (in a horizontal position); to lie somewhere; to be located
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,199: Line 1,212:
| '''mäße/mässe'''
| '''mäße/mässe'''
| '''hat gemessen'''
| '''hat gemessen'''
| to measure, to compete
| to measure; to compete
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
Line 1,208: Line 1,221:
| '''sähe'''
| '''sähe'''
| '''hat gesehen'''
| '''hat gesehen'''
| to see, to realize, to meet
| to see; to realize; to meet
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,217: Line 1,230:
| '''säße/sässe'''
| '''säße/sässe'''
| '''ist/hat gesessen'''
| '''ist/hat gesessen'''
| to sit, to stay, (clothing) to fit
| to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
Line 1,226: Line 1,239:
| '''träte'''
| '''träte'''
| '''ist/hat getreten'''
| '''ist/hat getreten'''
| to step, to kick, to appear
| to step; to kick; to appear
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''vergessen'''
| '''vergessen'''
Line 1,235: Line 1,248:
| '''vergäße/vergässe'''
| '''vergäße/vergässe'''
| '''hat vergessen'''
| '''hat vergessen'''
| to forget, to forget to take, to overlook
| to forget; to forget to take; to overlook
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Class 6 ===
=== '''Class 6''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 1,259: Line 1,272:
| backte'''/büke'''
| backte'''/büke'''
| '''hat''' gebackt'''/gebacken'''
| '''hat''' gebackt'''/gebacken'''
| to back, to roast, to stick
| to back; to roast; to stick
| The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”, “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”.
| The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”.
|-
|-
| '''fahren'''
| '''fahren'''
Line 1,268: Line 1,281:
| '''führe'''
| '''führe'''
| '''ist/hat gefahren'''
| '''ist/hat gefahren'''
| to go by vehicle, to sail
| to go by vehicle; to sail
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
|-
|-
| '''graben'''
| '''graben'''
Line 1,277: Line 1,290:
| '''grübe'''
| '''grübe'''
| '''hat gegraben'''
| '''hat gegraben'''
| to dig, to burrow
| to dig; to burrow
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,286: Line 1,299:
| '''höbe/hübe'''
| '''höbe/hübe'''
| '''hat gehoben'''
| '''hat gehoben'''
| to lift, to heave, to rise
| to lift; to heave; to rise
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,295: Line 1,308:
| '''lüde'''
| '''lüde'''
| '''hat geladen'''
| '''hat geladen'''
| to load, to charge, to invite
| to load; to charge; to invite
| 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular simple present: lädst, 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular simple past: ludest/ludst.
| 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular simple present: lädst; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular simple past: ludest/ludst.
|-
|-
| '''mahlen'''
| '''mahlen'''
Line 1,313: Line 1,326:
| schaffte'''/schüfe'''
| schaffte'''/schüfe'''
| '''hat''' geschaft'''/geschaffen'''
| '''hat''' geschaft'''/geschaffen'''
| to create, to establish, to manage, to finish, to convoy
| to create; to establish; to manage; to finish; to convoy
| When it means “to create”, “to establish”, the strong forms are used, otherwise the weak form.
| When it means “to create”, “to establish”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|-
|-
| '''schlagen'''
| '''schlagen'''
Line 1,322: Line 1,335:
| '''schlüge'''
| '''schlüge'''
| '''hat geschlagen'''
| '''hat geschlagen'''
| to beat, to hit, to win
| to beat; to hit; to win
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,331: Line 1,344:
| '''schwöre/schwüre'''
| '''schwöre/schwüre'''
| '''hat geschworen'''
| '''hat geschworen'''
| to swear, to take an oath
| to swear; to take an oath
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,340: Line 1,353:
| '''trüge'''
| '''trüge'''
| '''hat getragen'''
| '''hat getragen'''
| to wear, to carry, (argriculture) to produce, (argriculture) to crop, to support
| to wear; to carry; (argriculture) to produce; (argriculture) to crop; to support
| Its derived terms “beauftragen” and “beantragen” are weak verbs.
| Its derived terms “beauftragen” and “beantragen” are weak verbs.
|-
|-
Line 1,349: Line 1,362:
| wachste'''/wüchse'''
| wachste'''/wüchse'''
| '''ist gewachsen'''
| '''ist gewachsen'''
| to grow, to wax
| to grow; to wax
| When it means “to wax”, the weak forms are used, when it means “to grow”, the strong forms are used.
| When it means “to wax”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to grow”, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''waschen'''
| '''waschen'''
Line 1,363: Line 1,376:
|}
|}


=== Class 7 ===
=== '''Class 7''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 1,382: Line 1,395:
| '''bliese'''
| '''bliese'''
| '''hat geblasen'''
| '''hat geblasen'''
| to blow, to play (instrument)
| to blow; to play (instrument)
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,391: Line 1,404:
| '''briete'''
| '''briete'''
| '''hat gebraten'''
| '''hat gebraten'''
| to fry, to roast, to grill, to broil
| to fry; to roast; to grill; to broil
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,400: Line 1,413:
| '''fiele'''
| '''fiele'''
| '''ist gefallen'''
| '''ist gefallen'''
| to fall, to fall in battle, to become lower
| to fall; to fall in battle; to become lower
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,409: Line 1,422:
| '''finge'''
| '''finge'''
| '''hat gefangen'''
| '''hat gefangen'''
| to catch, to improve in health, to calm down
| to catch; to improve in health; to calm down
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,418: Line 1,431:
| '''ginge'''
| '''ginge'''
| '''ist gegangen'''
| '''ist gegangen'''
| to go, to walk, to leave, to be going, to be possible, to work, to be in progress
| to go; to walk; to leave; to be going; to be possible; to work; to be in progress
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,427: Line 1,440:
| '''hielte'''
| '''hielte'''
| '''hat gehalten'''
| '''hat gehalten'''
| to hold, to stop, to support, to keep, to consider, to adhere
| to hold; to stop; to support; to keep; to consider; to adhere
| Its derived term “beinhalten” is a weak verb.
| Its derived term “beinhalten” is a weak verb.
|-
|-
Line 1,436: Line 1,449:
| hängte'''/hinge'''
| hängte'''/hinge'''
| '''hat''' gehängt'''/gehangen'''
| '''hat''' gehängt'''/gehangen'''
| to hang, to attach to, to depend on, to hang suspend
| to hang; to attach to; to depend on; to hang suspend
| When it is transitive, the weak forms are used, when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
| When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''heißen/heissen'''
| '''heißen/heissen'''
Line 1,445: Line 1,458:
| '''hieße/hiesse'''
| '''hieße/hiesse'''
| '''hat geheißen/geheissen'''
| '''hat geheißen/geheissen'''
| to be called, to mean, to be said
| to be called; to mean; to be said
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
Line 1,454: Line 1,467:
| '''ließe/liesse'''
| '''ließe/liesse'''
| '''hat gelassen'''
| '''hat gelassen'''
| to let, to allow, to have someone (do something), to have (something done), to leave, to stop
| to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
Line 1,463: Line 1,476:
| '''liefe'''
| '''liefe'''
| '''ist/hat gelaufen'''
| '''ist/hat gelaufen'''
| to run, to walk, to flow, to be in progress, to be in order
| to run; to walk; to flow; to be in progress; to be in order
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,472: Line 1,485:
| '''riete'''
| '''riete'''
| '''hat geraten'''
| '''hat geraten'''
| to advise, to guess
| to advise; to guess
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,481: Line 1,494:
| '''riefe'''
| '''riefe'''
| '''hat gerufen'''
| '''hat gerufen'''
| to call out, to call (for someone)
| to call out; to call (for someone)
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,499: Line 1,512:
| '''stieße/stiesse'''
| '''stieße/stiesse'''
| '''ist/hat gestoßen/gestossen'''
| '''ist/hat gestoßen/gestossen'''
| to bump, to push, to jolt
| to bump; to push; to jolt
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
|}
|}


== Mixed verbs ==
== '''Mixed verbs''' ==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 1,523: Line 1,536:
| '''brennte'''
| '''brennte'''
| '''hat gebrannt'''
| '''hat gebrannt'''
| to burn, to be affectionate, to be lit, to irritate, to fire, to distil
| to burn; to be affectionate; to be lit; to irritate; to fire; to distil
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,532: Line 1,545:
| '''brächte'''
| '''brächte'''
| '''hat gebracht'''
| '''hat gebracht'''
| to bring, to take, to lead, to aquire
| to bring; to take; to lead; to aquire
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,541: Line 1,554:
| '''dächte'''
| '''dächte'''
| '''hat gedacht'''
| '''hat gedacht'''
| to think, not to forget, to imagine
| to think; not to forget; to imagine
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''dürfen'''
| '''haben'''
| '''darf'''
| '''hat'''
| '''-'''
| '''durfte'''
| '''dürfte'''
| '''hat gedurft'''
| to be allowed, may
|
|-
| '''haben'''
| '''hat'''
| hab''e''
| hab''e''
| '''hatte'''
| '''hatte'''
Line 1,568: Line 1,572:
| haute'''/hiebe'''
| haute'''/hiebe'''
| '''hat''' gehaut'''/gehauen'''
| '''hat''' gehaut'''/gehauen'''
| to thrust, to cut, to hit
| to thrust; to cut; to hit
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,578: Line 1,582:
| '''hat gekannt'''
| '''hat gekannt'''
| to know
| to know
|
|-
| '''können'''
| '''kann'''
| '''-'''
| '''konnte'''
| '''könnte'''
| '''hat gekonnt'''
| to be able, can, to be allowed, to know how to
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,595: Line 1,590:
| melkte'''/mölke'''
| melkte'''/mölke'''
| '''hat''' gemelkt'''/gemolken'''
| '''hat''' gemelkt'''/gemolken'''
| to milk, to drain
| to milk; to drain
| 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: milkst.
| 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: milkst.
|-
|-
| '''mögen'''
| '''nennen'''
| '''mag'''
| nennt
| '''-'''
| nenn''e''
| '''mochte'''
| '''nannte'''
| '''möchte'''
| nennte'''/nannte'''
| '''hat gemocht'''
| to like, to want to go, may, to be hesitant to, to want to
|
|-
| '''müssen'''
| '''muss'''
| '''-'''
| '''musste'''
| '''müsste'''
| '''hat gemusst'''
| to have to, must
|
|-
| '''nennen'''
| nennt
| nenn''e''
| '''nannte'''
| nennte'''/nannte'''
| '''hat genannt'''
| '''hat genannt'''
| to name, to call, to mention
| to name; to call; to mention
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,632: Line 1,609:
| '''ist/hat gerannt'''
| '''ist/hat gerannt'''
| to run
| to run
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
| When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
|-
|-
| '''salzen'''
| '''salzen'''
Line 1,640: Line 1,617:
| salzte
| salzte
| '''hat gesalzen'''
| '''hat gesalzen'''
| to salt, to preserve (something) with salt
| to salt; to preserve (something) with salt
|
|-
| '''schinden'''
| schindet
| '''schinde'''
| '''schund'''
| '''schünde'''
| '''hat geschunden'''
| to mistreat
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,658: Line 1,626:
| '''wäre'''
| '''wäre'''
| '''ist gewesen'''
| '''ist gewesen'''
| to be, to feel, to exist
| to be; to feel; to exist
| 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: bin, 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: bist.
| 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: bin; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: bist.
|-
|-
| '''senden'''
| '''senden'''
Line 1,667: Line 1,635:
| sendete
| sendete
| '''hat''' gesendet'''/gesandt'''
| '''hat''' gesendet'''/gesandt'''
| to broadcast, to send
| to broadcast; to send
| When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used.
| When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''sollen'''
| '''spalten'''
| '''soll'''
| '''-'''
| '''sollte'''
| '''sollte'''
| '''hat''' gesollt'''/sollen'''
| should, to be obligated (to do something), to be recommended (to do something), to intend (to do something), to be said (to do something)
|
|-
| '''spalten'''
| spaltet
| spaltet
| spalt''e''
| spalt''e''
Line 1,685: Line 1,644:
| spaltete
| spaltete
| '''hat''' gespaltet'''/gespalten'''
| '''hat''' gespaltet'''/gespalten'''
| to splite, to cleave
| to splite; to cleave
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,694: Line 1,653:
| '''stände/stünde'''
| '''stände/stünde'''
| '''ist/hat gestanden'''
| '''ist/hat gestanden'''
| to stand, to appear
| to stand; to appear
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,703: Line 1,662:
| '''täte'''
| '''täte'''
| '''hat getan'''
| '''hat getan'''
| to do, to make a difference, to fake
| to do; to make a difference; to fake
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,712: Line 1,671:
| '''wendete'''
| '''wendete'''
| '''hat''' gewendet'''/gewandt'''
| '''hat''' gewendet'''/gewandt'''
| to turn, to avert
| to turn; to avert
| When it means “to make a u-turn”, the weak forms are used.
| When it means “to make a u-turn”; the weak forms are used.
|-
|-
| '''werden'''
| '''werden'''
Line 1,721: Line 1,680:
| '''würde'''
| '''würde'''
| '''ist geworden'''
| '''ist geworden'''
| will, to be done, to become
| will; to be done; to become
| 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: werde, 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: wirst.
| 1<sup>st</sup> person singular present: werde; 2<sup>nd</sup> person singular present: wirst.
|}
 
== '''Other verbs''' ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| '''wissen'''
! infinitive
| '''weiß/weiss'''
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular present
! singular imperative
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular simple past
! 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular subjunctive ii
! auxiliary verb + past participle
! main English meanings
! note
|-
| '''dürfen'''
| '''darf'''
| '''-'''
| '''-'''
| '''wusste'''
| '''durfte'''
| '''dürfte'''
| '''hat gedurft'''
| to be allowed; may
|
|-
| '''können'''
| '''kann'''
| '''-'''
| '''konnte'''
| '''könnte'''
| '''hat gekonnt'''
| to be able; can; to be allowed; to know how to
|
|-
| '''mögen'''
| '''mag'''
| '''-'''
| '''mochte'''
| '''möchte'''
| '''hat gemocht'''
| to like; to want to go; may; to be hesitant to; to want to
|
|-
| '''müssen'''
| '''muss'''
| '''-'''
| '''musste'''
| '''müsste'''
| '''hat gemusst'''
| to have to; must
|
|-
| '''sollen'''
| '''soll'''
| '''-'''
| '''sollte'''
| '''sollte'''
| '''hat''' gesollt'''/sollen'''
| should; to be obligated (to do something); to be recommended (to do something); to intend (to do something); to be said (to do something)
|
|-
| '''wissen'''
| '''weiß/weiss'''
| '''-'''
| '''wusste'''
| '''wüsste'''
| '''wüsste'''
| '''hat gewusst'''
| '''hat gewusst'''
| to know, to remember
| to know; to remember
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
| The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|-
|-
Line 1,741: Line 1,759:
| to want
| to want
|  
|  
|-
|}
|}
https://www.funny-frisch.de/files/produkte/packshots/chipsfrisch/gesalzen_packshot.png
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Basic-Phrases-in-German|Basic Phrases in German]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/People-in-German|People in German]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Airport|Airport]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Animal-Sounds|Animal Sounds]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Maps|Maps]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Time|Time]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/German/Vocabulary/Family|Family]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:23, 26 March 2023

Learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg

Hello everyone,

In today's lesson you will find a list combining the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet.

You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs:

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_verbs_by_inflection_type

Derived terms are not to be listed.

After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Drinks, Days of the Week, Numbers & Shopping.

Strong verbs[edit | edit source]

Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes:

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs

Class 1[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
beißen/beissen beißt/beisst beiße/beisse biss bisse hat gebissen to bite; to sting; to burn; to be sharp; to be spicy The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
bleiben bleibt bleibe blieb bliebe ist geblieben to remain; to keep on; to stay; to be; to be left for someone; to stick with
gedeihen gedeiht gedeihe gedieh gediehe ist gediehen to thrive
gleichen gleicht gleiche glich gliche hat geglichen to resemble; to be alike
gleiten gleitet gleite glitt glitte ist geglitten to glide; to slide Its derived term “begleiten” is a weak verb.
greifen greift greife griff griffe hat gegriffen to grab; to seize; to capture
kneifen kneift kneife kniff kniffe hat gekniffen to pinch; to squeeze
leiden leidet leide litt litte hat gelitten to bear; to suffer Its derived term “verleiden” is a weak verb.
leihen leiht leihe lieh liehe hat geliehen to lend; to borrow
meiden meidet meide mied miede hat gemieden to avoid; to shun
pfeifen pfeift pfeife pfiff pfiffe hat gepfiffen to whistle; to act as referee
preisen preist preise pries priese hat gepriesen to praise
reiben reibt reibe rieb riebe hat gerieben to rub; to grate
reißen/reissen reißt/reisst reiße/reisse riss risse ist/hat gerissen to tear; to break; to snatch When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
reiten reitet reite ritt ritte ist/hat geritten to ride When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”, with “sein” also practically used; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
scheiden scheidet scheide schied schiede ist/hat geschieden to separate; to be separated When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
scheinen scheint scheine schien schiene hat geschienen to shine; to seem
scheißen/scheissen scheißt/scheisst scheiß/scheiss schiss schisse hat geschissen (vulgar) to shit The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
schleichen schleicht schleiche schlich schliche ist geschlichen to crawl; to sneak; (car) to move slowly
schleifen schleift schleife schleifte/schliff schleifte/schliffe hat geschliffen to whet; to drag When it means “to whet”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
schmeißen schmeißt/schmeisst schmeiße/schmeisse schmiss schmisse hat geschmissen to throw; to drop by accident; to manage The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
schneiden schneidet schneide schnitt schnitte hat geschnitten to cut; to pare; to cut off; to intersect
schreiben schreibt schreibe schrieb schriebe hat geschrieben to write; to spell
schreien schreit schreie schrie schriee hat geschrien to shout; to yell
schreiten schreitet schreite schritt schritte ist geschritten to stride
schweigen schweigt schweige schwieg schwiege hat geschwiegen to be silent; to stop talking
speien speit speie spie spie/spiee hat gespien to spit
steigen steigt steige stieg stiege ist gestiegen to ascend; to climb; to rise; to rear up
streichen streicht streiche strich striche ist/hat gestrichen to stroke; to cancel; to spread; to paint
streiten streitet streite stritt stritte hat gestritten to quarrel; to fight
treiben treibt treibe trieb triebe ist/hat getrieben to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
verzeihen verzeiht verzeihe verzieh verziehe hat verziehen to forgive
weichen weicht weiche weichte/wich weichte/wiche hat geweicht/ist gewichen to wane; to yield; to soak When it means “to soak”, the weak forms are used.
weisen weist weise wies wiese hat gewiesen to point; to indicate

Class 2[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
biegen biegt biege bog böge ist/hat gebogen to bend; to turn When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
bieten bietet biete bot böte hat geboten to offer; to bid; (opportunity) to arise
erkiesen erkiest erkiese erkor erköre hat erkoren to choose
fliegen fliegt fliege flog flöge ist/hat geflogen to fly; to rush When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
fliehen flieht fliehe floh flöhe ist geflohen to flee When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
fließen/fliessen fließt/fliesst fließe/fliesse floss flösse ist geflossen to flow The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
frieren friert friere fror fröre ist/hat gefroren to freeze; to feel cold; to be freezing When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
genießen/geniessen genießt/geniesst genieße/geniesse genoss genösse hat genossen to enjoy; to have (food and drink) The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
gießen/giessen gießt/giesst gieße/giesse goss gösse hat gegossen to pour; to cast; to water; to rain The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
kriechen kriecht krieche kroch kröche ist gekrochen to crawl; to creep
lügen lügt lüge log löge hat gelogen to tell a lie; (less often) to unintentionally give false information
riechen riecht rieche roch röche hat gerochen to smell; to reek
saufen säuft saufe soff söffe hat gesoffen (an animal) to drink; to booze
saugen saugt sauge saugte/sog saugte/söge hat gesaugt/gesogen to suck; to vacuum When it means “to suck”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used.
schieben schiebt schiebe schob schöbe hat geschoben to push; to slide
schießen/schiessen schießt/schiesst schieße/schiesse schoss schösse ist/hat geschossen to shoot; (photography) to shoot; (sports) to kick The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
schließen/schliessen schließt/schliesst schließe/schliesse schloss schlösse hat geschlossen to shut; to close; to lock; to conclude The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
sieden siedet siede siedete/sott siedete/sötte hat gesotten to simmer; to boil
sprießen/spriessen sprießt/spriesst sprieße/spriesse sproß/spross sprösse ist gesprossen to sprout The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
trügen trügt trüge trog tröge hat getrogen to deceive; to be deceptive
verdrießen/verdriessen verdrießt/verdriesst verdrieße/verdriesse verdross verdrösse hat verdrossen to chagrin The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
verlieren verliert verliere verlor verlöre hat verloren to lose; to shed; to trail away
wiegen wiegt wiege wiegte/wog wiegte/wöge hat gewogen to weigh; to sway; to chop When it means “to weigh”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
ziehen zieht ziehe zog zöge ist/hat gezogen to pull; to draw; to move; to roam When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.

Class 3[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
beginnen beginnt beginne begann begänne/begönne hat begonnen to begin
bergen birgt birg barg bärge hat geborgen to rescue; to salvage; to conseal; to contain
bersten berstet/birst birst barst/borst bärste ist geborsten to burst Forms “berstet” and “borst” are seldom used; 2nd person singular present: “birst”.
binden bindet binde band bände hat gebunden to tie up; to bind; to knot; to congeal; to thicken; to be involved
dreschen drischt drisch drosch drösche hat gedroschen to thresh
dringen dringt dringe drang dränge ist/hat gedrungen to insist; to seep; to force one’s way When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; otherwise “sein”.
erklimmen erklimmt erklimme erklomm erklömme hat erklommen to climb
erlöschen erlöscht/erlischt erlösche/erlische erlöschte/erlosch erlöschte/erlösche hat erlöscht / ist erloschen to extinguish; to go out; to lapse When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
fechten ficht ficht focht föchte hat gefochten to fence; to fight It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard; only the standard form has the sense of “to fight”.
finden findet finde fand fände hat gefunden to find; to think (something) to be
flechten flicht flicht flocht flöchte hat geflochten to plait; to braid It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
gären gärt gäre gärte/gor gärte/göre hat gegärt / ist/hat gegoren to ferment; to be agitated When it means “to ferment”, the strong forms are used; when it means “to be agitated”, the weak forms are used.
gelingen gelingt gelinge gelang gelänge ist gelungen to succeed
gelten gilt gilt galt gälte/gölte hat gegolten to be valid; to be effective; to be worth
gewinnen gewinnt gewinne gewann gewänne hat gewonnen to win; to gain; to persuade
glimmen glimmt glimme glimmte/glomm glimmte/glömme hat geglimmt/geglommen to shine; to glow
helfen hilft hilf half hülfe/hälfe hat geholfen to help
klingen klingt klinge klang klänge hat geklungen to sound
misslingen misslingt misslinge misslang misslänge ist misslungen to fail
quellen quillt quill quoll quölle ist gequollen to well; to swell
ringen ringt ringe rang ränge hat gerungen to wrestle; to struggle
rinnen rinnt rinne rann ränne/rönne ist geronnen to flow; to leak; to run; to trickle
schelten schilt schilt schalt schälte/schölte hat gescholten to scold
schinden schindet schinde schund schünde hat geschunden to mistreat
schlingen schlingt schlinge schlang schlänge hat geschlungen to wind; to tie; to gobble
schmelzen schmilzt schmilz schmolz schmölze ist/hat geschmolzen to melt; to smelt When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
schwellen schwillt schwill schwoll schwölle ist geschwollen to swell up
schwimmen schwimmt schwimme schwamm/schwomm schwämme/schwömme ist/hat geschwommen to swim; to float When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “haben” or “sein”; otherwise “sein”.
schwinden schwindet schwinde schwand schwände ist geschwunden to dwindle
schwingen schwingt schwinge schwang schwänge ist/hat geschwungen to swing; to wave; to vibrate When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
singen singt singe sang sänge hat gesungen to sing
sinken sinkt sinke sank sänke ist gesunken to sink; to submerge
spinnen spinnt spinne spann spänne/spönne hat gesponnen to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be crazy
springen springt springe sprang spränge ist gesprungen to spring; to jump
sterben stirbt stirb starb stürbe ist gestorben to die
stinken stinkt stinke stank stänke hat gestunken to stink
trinken trinkt trinke trank tränke hat getrunken to drink
verderben verdirbt verdirb verdarb verdürbe ist/hat verdorben to ruin; to deprive; to spoil; to be offensive
wägen wägt wäge wog wöge hat gewogen to weigh
werben wirbt wirb warb würbe hat geworben to recruit; to advertise
werfen wirft wirf warf würfe hat geworfen to throw; to cast; (an animal) to give birth
winden windet winde wand wände hat gewunden to wind; to twist; to squirm
wringen wringt wringe wrang wränge hat gewrungen to wring (clothes)
zwingen zwingt zwinge zwang zwänge hat gezwungen to force; to compel; to necessitate

Class 4[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
befehlen befiehlt befiehl befahl befähle hat befohlen to command; to give orders
bewegen bewegt bewege bewegte/bewog bewegte/bewöge hat bewogen to persuade; to promt; to induce; to move; to stir When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used.
brechen bricht brich brach bräche ist/hat gebrochen to break; to refract; to vomit; to fold When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; otherwise “hat”.
empfehlen empfiehlt empfiehl empfahl empfähle hat empfohlen to recommend
erschrecken erschreckt/erschrickt erschrecke/erschricke erschreckte/erschrak erschreckte/erschräke hat erschreckt / ist erschrocken to be frightened When it is transitive/reflexive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
gebären gebärt/gebiert gebier gebar gebäre hat geboren to give birth; to give birth to It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
kommen kommt komme kam käme ist gekommen to come; to get; to occur; to be due to; to be played; to obtain; to get an idea
nehmen nimmt nimm nahm nähme hat genommen to take; to seize; to become; to receive; to accept
scheren schert/schiert schere/schier scherte/schor scherte/schöre ist/hat geschert / hat geschoren to shear; to clip; to cut; to bother; to go into a direction When it means “to go into a direction”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to shear”, “to clip”, “to cut”, “to bother”, the strong forms are used.
sinnen sinnt sinn sann sänne/sönne hat gesonnen to think; to intend
sprechen spricht sprich sprach spräche hat gesprochen to speak
stechen sticht stich stach stäche hat gestochen to stick; to cut; (the sun) to burn
stehlen stiehlt stiehl stahl stähle/stöhle hat gestohlen to steal; to skulk
treffen trifft triff traf träfe hat getroffen to meet; to hit; to affect; to concern

Class 5[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
bitten bittet bitte bat bäte hat gebeten to ask; to beg
essen isst iss aß/ass äße/ässe hat gegessen to eat Some Austrian people use “gessen” as the auxiliary verb; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
fressen frisst friss fraß/frass fräße/frässe hat gefressen (an animal) to eat The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
geben gibt gib gab gäbe hat gegeben to give; to present; there to be; to result in
genesen genest genese genas genäse ist genesen to recover
geschehen geschieht geschieh geschah geschähe ist geschehen to occur
lesen liest lies las läse hat gelesen to read
liegen liegt liege lag läge ist/hat gelegen to lie (in a horizontal position); to lie somewhere; to be located
messen misst miss maß/mass mäße/mässe hat gemessen to measure; to compete The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
sehen sieht siehe sah sähe hat gesehen to see; to realize; to meet
sitzen sitzt sitz saß/sass säße/sässe ist/hat gesessen to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
treten tritt tritt trat träte ist/hat getreten to step; to kick; to appear When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
vergessen vergisst vergiss vergaß/vergass vergäße/vergässe hat vergessen to forget; to forget to take; to overlook The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

Class 6[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
backen backt/bäckt backe backte/buk backte/büke hat gebackt/gebacken to back; to roast; to stick The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”.
fahren fährt fahre fuhr führe ist/hat gefahren to go by vehicle; to sail When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”.
graben gräbt grabe grub grübe hat gegraben to dig; to burrow
heben hebt hebe hob höbe/hübe hat gehoben to lift; to heave; to rise
laden lädt lade lud lüde hat geladen to load; to charge; to invite 2nd person singular simple present: lädst; 2nd person singular simple past: ludest/ludst.
mahlen mahlt/mählt mahle/mähl mahlte/muhl mahlte/mühle hat gemahlen to grind
schaffen schafft schaffe schaffte/schuf schaffte/schüfe hat geschaft/geschaffen to create; to establish; to manage; to finish; to convoy When it means “to create”, “to establish”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
schlagen schlägt schlage schlug schlüge hat geschlagen to beat; to hit; to win
schwören schwört schwöre schwor schwöre/schwüre hat geschworen to swear; to take an oath
tragen trägt trage trug trüge hat getragen to wear; to carry; (argriculture) to produce; (argriculture) to crop; to support Its derived terms “beauftragen” and “beantragen” are weak verbs.
wachsen wachst/wächst wachse wachste/wuchs wachste/wüchse ist gewachsen to grow; to wax When it means “to wax”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to grow”, the strong forms are used.
waschen wäscht wasche wusch wüsche hat gewaschen to wash

Class 7[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
blasen bläst blase blies bliese hat geblasen to blow; to play (instrument)
braten brät brate briet briete hat gebraten to fry; to roast; to grill; to broil
fallen fällt falle fiel fiele ist gefallen to fall; to fall in battle; to become lower
fangen fängt fang fing finge hat gefangen to catch; to improve in health; to calm down
gehen geht gehe ging ginge ist gegangen to go; to walk; to leave; to be going; to be possible; to work; to be in progress
halten hält halte hielt hielte hat gehalten to hold; to stop; to support; to keep; to consider; to adhere Its derived term “beinhalten” is a weak verb.
hängen hängt hänge hängte/hing hängte/hinge hat gehängt/gehangen to hang; to attach to; to depend on; to hang suspend When it is transitive, the weak forms are used; when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
heißen/heissen heißt/heisst heiße/heisse hieß/hiess hieße/hiesse hat geheißen/geheissen to be called; to mean; to be said The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
lassen lässt lasse ließ/liess ließe/liesse hat gelassen to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
laufen läuft laufe lief liefe ist/hat gelaufen to run; to walk; to flow; to be in progress; to be in order
raten rät rate riet riete hat geraten to advise; to guess
rufen ruft rufe rief riefe hat gerufen to call out; to call (for someone)
schlafen schläft schlafe schlief schliefe hat geschlafen to sleep
stoßen/stossen stößt/stösst stoße/stosse stieß/stiess stieße/stiesse ist/hat gestoßen/gestossen to bump; to push; to jolt The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

Mixed verbs[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
brennen brennt brenne brannte brennte hat gebrannt to burn; to be affectionate; to be lit; to irritate; to fire; to distil
bringen bringt bringe brachte brächte hat gebracht to bring; to take; to lead; to aquire
denken denkt denke dachte dächte hat gedacht to think; not to forget; to imagine
haben hat habe hatte hätte hat gehabt to have
hauen haut haue haute/hieb haute/hiebe hat gehaut/gehauen to thrust; to cut; to hit
kennen kennt kenne kannte kennte hat gekannt to know
melken melkt/milkt melke melkte/molk melkte/mölke hat gemelkt/gemolken to milk; to drain 2nd person singular present: milkst.
nennen nennt nenne nannte nennte/nannte hat genannt to name; to call; to mention
rennen rennt renne rannte rennte ist/hat gerannt to run When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “haben”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “sein”.
salzen salzt salze salzte salzte hat gesalzen to salt; to preserve (something) with salt
sein ist sei war wäre ist gewesen to be; to feel; to exist 1st person singular present: bin; 2nd person singular present: bist.
senden sendet sende/sende sendete/sandte sendete hat gesendet/gesandt to broadcast; to send When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used.
spalten spaltet spalte spaltete spaltete hat gespaltet/gespalten to splite; to cleave
stehen steht stehe stand stände/stünde ist/hat gestanden to stand; to appear
tun tut tue tat täte hat getan to do; to make a difference; to fake
wenden wendet wende/wende wendete/wandte wendete hat gewendet/gewandt to turn; to avert When it means “to make a u-turn”; the weak forms are used.
werden wird werde wurde würde ist geworden will; to be done; to become 1st person singular present: werde; 2nd person singular present: wirst.

Other verbs[edit | edit source]

infinitive 3rd person singular present singular imperative 3rd person singular simple past 3rd person singular subjunctive ii auxiliary verb + past participle main English meanings note
dürfen darf - durfte dürfte hat gedurft to be allowed; may
können kann - konnte könnte hat gekonnt to be able; can; to be allowed; to know how to
mögen mag - mochte möchte hat gemocht to like; to want to go; may; to be hesitant to; to want to
müssen muss - musste müsste hat gemusst to have to; must
sollen soll - sollte sollte hat gesollt/sollen should; to be obligated (to do something); to be recommended (to do something); to intend (to do something); to be said (to do something)
wissen weiß/weiss - wusste wüsste hat gewusst to know; to remember The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
wollen will - wollte wollte hat gewollt to want

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Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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