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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns and Possession → Personal Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Personal Pronouns</div>
 
Welcome to the lesson on '''Personal Pronouns''' in Odia! Understanding pronouns is crucial for effective communication, as they help us avoid repetition and make our speech more fluid. In this lesson, we will explore the world of Odia personal pronouns, learning how to identify and use them in sentences.
 
We will start by defining personal pronouns and discussing their significance in the Odia language. Then, we will delve into the different types of personal pronouns, including singular and plural forms, along with their appropriate usage in various contexts. After that, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of how to apply what you've learned. Finally, we will conclude with exercises to practice your knowledge, complete with solutions to guide you along the way.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What are Personal Pronouns? ===
 
Personal pronouns are words that replace specific nouns in a sentence, allowing us to refer to people or things without repeating their names. In Odia, personal pronouns also change based on the formality and the number (singular or plural) of the noun they replace.
 
In Odia, the pronouns are categorized into three persons:
 
* '''First Person''': Refers to the speaker (I, we)
 
* '''Second Person''': Refers to the listener (you)
 
* '''Third Person''': Refers to someone or something being spoken about (he, she, it, they)


Welcome to the lesson on personal pronouns in Odia! Pronouns are an essential part of any language as they allow us to refer to people, objects, or things without constantly repeating their names. In this lesson, we will explore the personal pronouns used in Odia and learn how to use them correctly in sentences. Understanding personal pronouns is crucial for effective communication, so let's dive in!
=== Importance of Personal Pronouns ===


== Personal Pronouns in Odia ==
Understanding personal pronouns is essential for:


Personal pronouns in Odia are used to replace nouns and indicate the person or object being referred to. They are typically used to avoid repetition and make sentences more concise. In Odia, personal pronouns change based on the grammatical person, gender, and number. Let's take a closer look at each category.
* '''Clarity''': They help clarify who is being talked about without redundancy.


=== Grammatical Person ===
* '''Fluency''': Using pronouns makes your speech and writing more fluid.


In Odia, personal pronouns change depending on whether they refer to the first person, second person, or third person. Here are the different forms of personal pronouns based on grammatical person:
* '''Social Context''': In Odia culture, the choice of pronoun can reflect respect and formality.  


==== First Person ====
== The Structure of Personal Pronouns in Odia ==


The first person pronouns in Odia are used when referring to oneself or oneself and others. There are two forms of first person pronouns in Odia: singular and plural.
Odia personal pronouns can be grouped as follows:


For the singular form, the pronoun is "ମୋ" (mo). Here are some examples:
=== Singular Personal Pronouns ===
 
Here’s a table that illustrates the singular personal pronouns in Odia:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ମୋ ପିତା || mo pitā || my father
 
| ମୁଁ || muṁ || I
 
|-
|-
| ମୋ ମାତା || mo mātā || my mother
 
| ତୁମେ || tumē || You (informal)
 
|-
|-
| ମୋ ସହୋଦର || mo sahōdara || my brother
|}


For the plural form, the pronoun is "ଆମେ" (āmē). Here are some examples:
| ଆପଣ || āpaṇa || You (formal)


{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ଆମେ ସମସ୍ତ || āmē samasta || all of us
 
|-
| ସେ || || He/She/It
| ଆମେ ମିତ୍ର || āmē mitra || we, friends
 
|-
| ଆମେ ପାଇଁ ଆରେଷ୍ଟ୍ରା || āmē pāiṇi ārēṣṭrā || we, the athletes
|}
|}


==== Second Person ====
=== Plural Personal Pronouns ===


The second person pronouns in Odia are used when addressing or referring to someone directly. As with the first person pronouns, there are singular and plural forms.
Now, let’s look at the plural personal pronouns:


For the singular form, the pronoun is "ତୁ" (tu). Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"


{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ତୁ ମୋର ସହୋଦର || tu mōra sahōdara || your brother
 
| ଆମେ || āme || We
 
|-
|-
| ତୁ କଣ || tu kaṇa || your ear
 
| ତୁମେ || tumē || You (plural, informal)
 
|-
|-
| ତୁ ମୋର ମାନେଇଷରେ || tu mōra mānē'iśarē || you, my friend
|}


For the plural form, the pronoun is "ତୁମକୁ" (tumaku). Here are some examples:
| ଆପଣମାନେ || āpaṇamānē || You (plural, formal)


{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ତୁମକୁ ଜଣାମୁ || tumaku jaṇāmu || we know you
 
|-
| ସେମାନେ || sēmānē || They
| ତୁମକୁ ମୋର ସ୍ନେହ || tumaku mōra snēha || my love for you
 
|-
| ତୁମକୁ କଣ ପଛାରିବେ || tumaku kaṇa pachāribē || I will protect you
|}
|}


==== Third Person ====
=== Usage of Personal Pronouns ===
 
Now that we’ve covered the basic forms of personal pronouns, let's discuss how to use them in sentences.


The third person pronouns in Odia are used when referring to someone or something that is not present or being directly addressed. As with the previous categories, there are singular and plural forms.
1. '''First Person Singular''':


For the singular form, the pronoun is "ସେ" (). Here are some examples:
* '''Example''': ମୁଁ ଖାଇଛି। (muṁ khā'ichī.) - I have eaten.


{| class="wikitable"
2. '''First Person Plural''':
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
* '''Example''': ଆମେ ଖେଳୁଛୁ। (āme kheḷuchu.) - We are playing.
| ସେ ରାଜା || sē rājā || he is the king
 
|-
3. '''Second Person Singular (Informal)''':
| ସେ ମୋର ବାପ || sē mōra bāpa || he is my father
 
|-
* '''Example''': ତୁମେ କେମିତି ଅଛ? (tumē kémīti ach?) - How are you?
| ସେ ସହୋଦର || sē sahōdara || he is a brother
 
|}
4. '''Second Person Singular (Formal)''':
 
* '''Example''': ଆପଣ କେମିତି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (āpaṇa kémīti achanti?) - How are you? (formal)
 
5. '''Second Person Plural (Formal)''':
 
* '''Example''': ଆପଣମାନେ କେମିତି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (āpaṇamānē kémīti achanti?) - How are you all? (formal)
 
6. '''Third Person Singular''':
 
* '''Example''': ସେ ବହୁତ ଚାଲକ। (sē bahut chālaka.) - He is very smart.
 
7. '''Third Person Plural''':
 
* '''Example''': ସେମାନେ କାମ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (sēmānē kāma karuchanti.) - They are working.
 
=== Summary of Pronoun Usage ===
 
* '''First person''': Used when the speaker is talking about themselves.
 
* '''Second person''': Used when addressing someone directly.
 
* '''Third person''': Used when talking about someone else.
 
== Exercises: Practice Makes Perfect! ==
 
Now that you have learned about personal pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises:
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns.
 
1. __________ ଖେଳୁଛି। (I am playing.)
 
2. __________ କେମିତି ଅଛ? (How are you?)
 
3. __________ ଦେଖୁଛି। (He is watching.)
 
4. __________ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି। (They have come.)
 
5. __________ ଖାଇଛି। (We have eaten.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate to Odia ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Odia using the correct personal pronouns.
 
1. I am happy.
 
2. You are my friend.
 
3. She is a teacher.
 
4. We are going to the market.
 
5. They are playing football.
 
=== Exercise 3: Identify the Pronouns ===
 
Identify the personal pronouns in the following sentences.
 
1. ମୁଁ ସ୍କୁଲ୍ ଯାଉଛି। (I am going to school.)
 
2. ତୁମେ ଏହି କିତାବ ପଢିଛ? (Have you read this book?)
 
3. ସେ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (He is dancing.)
 
4. ଆମେ ଏହା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛୁ। (We are going to do this.)
 
5. ସେମାନେ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଛନ୍ତି। (They are going to the city.)
 
=== Exercise 4: Combine Sentences ===
 
Combine the following sentences using appropriate personal pronouns.
 
1. ମୁଁ ଏହା ଦେଖିଛି। ସେ ମୋର ସଙ୍ଗୀ।
 
2. ତୁମେ ଖେଳୁଛ। ଆମେ ଦେଖୁଛୁ।
 
3. ସେ ଗାନ କରୁଛି। ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଅଛନ୍ତି।
 
=== Exercise 5: Create Sentences ===
 
Create sentences using the following personal pronouns.
 
1. ଆପଣ


For the plural form, the pronoun is "ସେମାନଙ୍କ" (sēmānaṅka). Here are some examples:
2. ସେ


{| class="wikitable"
3. ଆମେ
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମାତା || sēmānaṅka mātā || their mother
|-
| ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସଂସାର || sēmānaṅka saṅsāra || their family
|-
| ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପଡ଼େଇଥିଲେ || sēmānaṅka paṛē'i thilē || they had fallen
|}


=== Gender ===
4. ସେମାନେ


In Odia, personal pronouns also change based on gender. There are three genders in Odia: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Let's see how this affects the personal pronouns.
5. ମୁଁ


==== Masculine ====
=== Answers and Explanations: ===


The masculine personal pronouns in Odia are used when referring to males or objects considered masculine. Here are the different forms of masculine pronouns:
Here are the answers to the exercises above:


{| class="wikitable"
=== Answers to Exercise 1 ===
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ସେ || sē || he, it
|-
| ସେମାନଙ୍କ || sēmānaṅka || they (masculine)
|}


==== Feminine ====
1. ମୁଁ (muṁ)


The feminine personal pronouns in Odia are used when referring to females or objects considered feminine. Here are the different forms of feminine pronouns:
2. ତୁମେ (tumē)


{| class="wikitable"
3. ସେ ()
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ || sāhāyakārī || she, it
|-
| ସେମାନଙ୍କ || sēmānaṅka || they (feminine)
|}


==== Neuter ====
4. ସେମାନେ (sēmānē)


The neuter personal pronouns in Odia are used when referring to objects or things without a specific gender. Here are the different forms of neuter pronouns:
5. ଆମେ (āme)


{| class="wikitable"
=== Answers to Exercise 2 ===
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଏହି || ēhi || it
|-
| ଏହିମାନଙ୍କ || ēhimānaṅka || they (neuter)
|}


=== Number ===
1. ମୁଁ ଖୁସି। (muṁ khusi.)


Lastly, personal pronouns in Odia change based on the number of entities being referred to. They can be either singular or plural.
2. ତୁମେ ମୋ ସାଥୀ। (tumē mo sāthī.)


==== Singular ====
3. ସେ ଗୁରୁ। (sē gurū.)


When referring to a single entity, the singular forms of personal pronouns are used. We have already seen the singular forms in the previous sections.
4. ଆମେ ବଜାରକୁ ଯାଉଛୁ। (āme bajārku yāuchu.)


==== Plural ====
5. ସେମାନେ ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି। (sēmānē phuṭabal kheḷuchanti.)


When referring to multiple entities, the plural forms of personal pronouns are used. We have also seen the plural forms in the previous sections.
=== Answers to Exercise 3 ===


== Cultural Insights ==
1. ମୁଁ (muṁ)


Understanding the cultural context and regional variations of pronoun usage in Odia can enrich our knowledge of the language. In Odisha, the usage of personal pronouns varies based on factors such as age, social status, and familiarity. For example, in formal or respectful contexts, it is common to use the pronoun "ତୁମକୁ" (tumaku) to address someone, even if they are singular, instead of the singular pronoun "ତୁ" (tu). This reflects the importance of showing respect and maintaining social hierarchies in Odia culture.
2. ତୁମେ (tumē)


It is also interesting to note that Odia personal pronouns can be used as a form of address or endearment. For instance, a parent might use the pronoun "ମାନେଇଷରେ" (mānē'iśarē) to refer to their child as a term of affection. Similarly, friends or siblings might use the plural pronoun "ଆମେ" (āmē) to address each other, emphasizing their close bond.
3. ସେ ()


== Practice Exercises ==
4. ଆମେ (āme)


Now that we have learned about personal pronouns in Odia, let's practice using them in sentences. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronoun.
5. ସେମାନେ (sēmānē)


Exercise 1:
=== Answers to Exercise 4 ===
1. ମୋ ପିତା ମୁଁ ମୋର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (My father is helping me.)
2. ତୁ କଣ୍ଠେ କଣ ରହୁଛନ୍ତି? (Where are you staying?)
3. ସେ ମୋର ଅନେକ କାମରେ ସହାୟତା କରିଥିଲେ। (He helped me with many tasks.)


Exercise 2:
1. ମୁଁ ଏହା ଦେଖିଛି। ସେ ମୋର ସଙ୍ଗୀ। (I have seen it. He is my friend.)
1. ଏହିମାନଙ୍କ ମାତା ଆମକୁ ଦେବେଳା। (Their mother will give us lunch.)
2. ତୁମକୁ କଣ ପଛାରିବେ? (What will you protect?)
3. ଆମେ ସମସ୍ତ ସିନେମା ଦେଖିବୁ। (We will watch all the movies.)


== Solutions ==
2. ତୁମେ ଖେଳୁଛ। ଆମେ ଦେଖୁଛୁ। (You are playing. We are watching.)


Exercise 1:
3. ସେ ଗାନ କରୁଛି। ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଅଛନ୍ତି। (He is singing. They are there.)
1. ମୋ ପିତା ମୁଁ ମୋର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (My father is helping me.)
2. ତୁ କଣ୍ଠେ କଣ ରହୁଛନ୍ତି? (Where are you staying?)
3. ସେ ମୋର ଅନେକ କାମରେ ସହାୟତା କରିଥିଲେ। (He helped me with many tasks.)


Exercise 2:
=== Answers to Exercise 5 ===
1. ଏହିମାନଙ୍କ ମାତା ଆମକୁ ଦେବେଳା। (Their mother will give us lunch.)
2. ତୁମକୁ କଣ ପଛାରିବେ? (What will you protect?)
3. ଆମେ ସମସ୍ତ ସିନେମା ଦେଖିବୁ। (We will watch all the movies.)


== Conclusion ==
* Individual responses will vary; ensure students use the correct pronouns in their sentences.


Congratulations on completing the lesson on personal pronouns in Odia! You have learned about the different forms of personal pronouns based on grammatical person, gender, and number. Remember to practice using them in sentences to reinforce your understanding. Personal pronouns play a crucial role in communication, so mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to express yourself in Odia. Keep up the good work and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Odia language!
Congratulations! You’ve successfully navigated through the world of personal pronouns in Odia. With practice, you will find your ability to communicate in Odia becoming more natural. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher.


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 10:18, 2 August 2024

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OdiaGrammar0 to A1 Course → Personal Pronouns

Welcome to the lesson on Personal Pronouns in Odia! Understanding pronouns is crucial for effective communication, as they help us avoid repetition and make our speech more fluid. In this lesson, we will explore the world of Odia personal pronouns, learning how to identify and use them in sentences.

We will start by defining personal pronouns and discussing their significance in the Odia language. Then, we will delve into the different types of personal pronouns, including singular and plural forms, along with their appropriate usage in various contexts. After that, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of how to apply what you've learned. Finally, we will conclude with exercises to practice your knowledge, complete with solutions to guide you along the way.

What are Personal Pronouns?[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are words that replace specific nouns in a sentence, allowing us to refer to people or things without repeating their names. In Odia, personal pronouns also change based on the formality and the number (singular or plural) of the noun they replace.

In Odia, the pronouns are categorized into three persons:

  • First Person: Refers to the speaker (I, we)
  • Second Person: Refers to the listener (you)
  • Third Person: Refers to someone or something being spoken about (he, she, it, they)

Importance of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Understanding personal pronouns is essential for:

  • Clarity: They help clarify who is being talked about without redundancy.
  • Fluency: Using pronouns makes your speech and writing more fluid.
  • Social Context: In Odia culture, the choice of pronoun can reflect respect and formality.

The Structure of Personal Pronouns in Odia[edit | edit source]

Odia personal pronouns can be grouped as follows:

Singular Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Here’s a table that illustrates the singular personal pronouns in Odia:

Odia Pronunciation English
ମୁଁ muṁ I
ତୁମେ tumē You (informal)
ଆପଣ āpaṇa You (formal)
ସେ He/She/It

Plural Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s look at the plural personal pronouns:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଆମେ āme We
ତୁମେ tumē You (plural, informal)
ଆପଣମାନେ āpaṇamānē You (plural, formal)
ସେମାନେ sēmānē They

Usage of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered the basic forms of personal pronouns, let's discuss how to use them in sentences.

1. First Person Singular:

  • Example: ମୁଁ ଖାଇଛି। (muṁ khā'ichī.) - I have eaten.

2. First Person Plural:

  • Example: ଆମେ ଖେଳୁଛୁ। (āme kheḷuchu.) - We are playing.

3. Second Person Singular (Informal):

  • Example: ତୁମେ କେମିତି ଅଛ? (tumē kémīti ach?) - How are you?

4. Second Person Singular (Formal):

  • Example: ଆପଣ କେମିତି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (āpaṇa kémīti achanti?) - How are you? (formal)

5. Second Person Plural (Formal):

  • Example: ଆପଣମାନେ କେମିତି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (āpaṇamānē kémīti achanti?) - How are you all? (formal)

6. Third Person Singular:

  • Example: ସେ ବହୁତ ଚାଲକ। (sē bahut chālaka.) - He is very smart.

7. Third Person Plural:

  • Example: ସେମାନେ କାମ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (sēmānē kāma karuchanti.) - They are working.

Summary of Pronoun Usage[edit | edit source]

  • First person: Used when the speaker is talking about themselves.
  • Second person: Used when addressing someone directly.
  • Third person: Used when talking about someone else.

Exercises: Practice Makes Perfect![edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about personal pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises:

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns.

1. __________ ଖେଳୁଛି। (I am playing.)

2. __________ କେମିତି ଅଛ? (How are you?)

3. __________ ଦେଖୁଛି। (He is watching.)

4. __________ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି। (They have come.)

5. __________ ଖାଇଛି। (We have eaten.)

Exercise 2: Translate to Odia[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Odia using the correct personal pronouns.

1. I am happy.

2. You are my friend.

3. She is a teacher.

4. We are going to the market.

5. They are playing football.

Exercise 3: Identify the Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Identify the personal pronouns in the following sentences.

1. ମୁଁ ସ୍କୁଲ୍ ଯାଉଛି। (I am going to school.)

2. ତୁମେ ଏହି କିତାବ ପଢିଛ? (Have you read this book?)

3. ସେ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। (He is dancing.)

4. ଆମେ ଏହା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛୁ। (We are going to do this.)

5. ସେମାନେ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଛନ୍ତି। (They are going to the city.)

Exercise 4: Combine Sentences[edit | edit source]

Combine the following sentences using appropriate personal pronouns.

1. ମୁଁ ଏହା ଦେଖିଛି। ସେ ମୋର ସଙ୍ଗୀ।

2. ତୁମେ ଖେଳୁଛ। ଆମେ ଦେଖୁଛୁ।

3. ସେ ଗାନ କରୁଛି। ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଅଛନ୍ତି।

Exercise 5: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following personal pronouns.

1. ଆପଣ

2. ସେ

3. ଆମେ

4. ସେମାନେ

5. ମୁଁ

Answers and Explanations:[edit | edit source]

Here are the answers to the exercises above:

Answers to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. ମୁଁ (muṁ)

2. ତୁମେ (tumē)

3. ସେ (sē)

4. ସେମାନେ (sēmānē)

5. ଆମେ (āme)

Answers to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. ମୁଁ ଖୁସି। (muṁ khusi.)

2. ତୁମେ ମୋ ସାଥୀ। (tumē mo sāthī.)

3. ସେ ଗୁରୁ। (sē gurū.)

4. ଆମେ ବଜାରକୁ ଯାଉଛୁ। (āme bajārku yāuchu.)

5. ସେମାନେ ଫୁଟବଲ୍ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି। (sēmānē phuṭabal kheḷuchanti.)

Answers to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. ମୁଁ (muṁ)

2. ତୁମେ (tumē)

3. ସେ (sē)

4. ଆମେ (āme)

5. ସେମାନେ (sēmānē)

Answers to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. ମୁଁ ଏହା ଦେଖିଛି। ସେ ମୋର ସଙ୍ଗୀ। (I have seen it. He is my friend.)

2. ତୁମେ ଖେଳୁଛ। ଆମେ ଦେଖୁଛୁ। (You are playing. We are watching.)

3. ସେ ଗାନ କରୁଛି। ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଅଛନ୍ତି। (He is singing. They are there.)

Answers to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

  • Individual responses will vary; ensure students use the correct pronouns in their sentences.

Congratulations! You’ve successfully navigated through the world of personal pronouns in Odia. With practice, you will find your ability to communicate in Odia becoming more natural. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher.

Table of Contents - Odia Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Odia Alphabet


Odia Syllables and Words


Basic Greetings and Phrases


Simple Sentences


Numbers and Time


Questions and Interrogatives


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Descriptions


Food and Dining


Verbs and Actions


Travel and Transportation


Pronouns and Possession


Weather and Seasons


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Odia Festivals and Celebrations


Odia Art and Music

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




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