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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Prepositions</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''Basic Prepositions''' in Dari! Prepositions are essential elements of any language, serving as the glue that holds sentences together. They help us express relationships between words, particularly in terms of '''location, time, and direction'''. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly in Dari.
 
In this lesson, we will explore:
 
* The significance of prepositions in Dari
 
* A selection of common Dari prepositions
 
* Their meanings and uses in sentences
 
* Practical exercises to reinforce your learning
 
By the end of this lesson, you should feel more comfortable using basic prepositions in Dari, which will be a foundational skill as you continue your journey to becoming proficient in the language.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Prepositions in Dari ===
 
Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. In Dari, they help you describe:
 
* '''Where''' something is located (e.g., "on the table")


In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of basic prepositions in the Dari language. Prepositions are essential in any language as they help us express location, time, and direction. Understanding and using prepositions correctly will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari. In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences.
* '''When''' something happens (e.g., "at noon")


== Basic Prepositions in Dari ==
* '''How''' to move from one place to another (e.g., "towards the school")


Dari, one of the official languages of Afghanistan, has a rich variety of prepositions to convey different meanings. Learning these prepositions will allow you to describe the location of objects, express time-related concepts, and indicate directions. Let's explore some of the basic prepositions in Dari along with their usage and examples.
Without the appropriate use of prepositions, your sentences may lack clarity and precision. So, let's dive into some of the most common prepositions in Dari!


=== 1. برای (barāy) - For ===
=== Common Dari Prepositions ===


The preposition "برای" (barāy) is used to express the purpose or reason for an action. It can also be translated as "for" in English. Take a look at the following examples:
Here’s a list of some basic prepositions you will encounter frequently in Dari, along with their meanings:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| من برای تاسو برنامه دارم. || Man barāy tāsū barnāmah dāram. || I have a plan for you.
 
| در || dar || in
 
|-
|-
| این هدیه برای تو است. || Īn hadīye barāy tū ast. || This gift is for you.
|}


=== 2. در (dar) - In, At, On ===
| بر || bar || on
 
|-


The preposition "در" (dar) is a versatile preposition that can be translated as "in," "at," or "on" in English. Its usage depends on the context and the object it refers to. Here are a few examples:
| زیر || zīr || under


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| من در خانه هستم. || Man dar khāneh hastam. || I am at home.
 
| بالای || bālāy || above
 
|-
|-
| کتاب روی میز است. || Ketāb rūy-e mīz ast. || The book is on the table.
 
| نزدیک || nazdīk || near
 
|-
|-
| ما در افغانستان زندگی می‌کنیم. || Mā dar Afghānestān zendegī mīkonim. || We live in Afghanistan.
|}


=== 3. بر (bar) - On, Upon ===
| دور || dūr || far
 
|-


The preposition "بر" (bar) is used to indicate that something is located on or upon something else. It can be translated as "on" or "upon" in English. Let's look at some examples:
| با || bā || with


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| کاغذ بر میز است. || Kāghaz bar mīz ast. || The paper is on the table.
 
| بدون || bedūn || without
 
|-
|-
| ما بر کوه قدم می‌زنیم. || Mā bar kūh qadam mīzanīm. || We walk on the mountain.
|}


=== 4. درباره (darbāre) - About ===
| به || beh || to
 
|-


The preposition "درباره" (darbāre) is used to express the subject or topic of a conversation or discussion. It can be translated as "about" in English. Here are a few examples:
| از || az || from


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ما درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کنیم. || Mā darbāre film sohbat mīkonim. || We are talking about the movie.
 
| قبل از || qabl az || before
 
|-
|-
| او درباره کتاب می‌نویسد. || Ū darbāre ketāb mīnevīsad. || He/she is writing about the book.
|}


=== 5. بین (bīn) - Between, Among ===
| بعد از || ba'd az || after
 
|-


The preposition "بین" (bīn) is used to indicate a position or relationship between two or more objects or people. It can be translated as "between" or "among" in English. Let's see some examples:
| در کنار || dar kanār || beside


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| کتاب بین دو میز است. || Ketāb bīn do mīz ast. || The book is between two tables.
 
| از طرف || az taraf || from the side of
 
|-
|-
| او بین دوستان قرار دارد. || Ū bīn dustān qarār dārad. || He/she is among friends.
|}


=== 6. روی (rūy) - On, Onto ===
| در داخل || dar dākhel || inside
 
|-


The preposition "روی" (rūy) is used to indicate that something is located on or onto something else. It can be translated as "on" or "onto" in English. Let's look at some examples:
| در خارج || dar khārej || outside


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| کاسه روی میز است. || Kāse rūy mīz ast. || The cup is on the table.
 
| به سمت || beh samt || towards
 
|-
|-
| او کتاب را روی میز می‌گذارد. || Ū ketāb rā rūy mīz mīgozārad. || He/she puts the book on the table.
|}


=== 7. برای‌رسانی (barāy-rasānī) - To, Towards ===
| به خاطر || beh khāter || because of
 
|-


The preposition "برای‌رسانی" (barāy-rasānī) is used to indicate movement or direction towards something or someone. It can be translated as "to" or "towards" in English. Here are a few examples:
| برای || barāy || for


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| من به کتابخانه می‌روم. || Man be ketābkhāneh mīrum. || I am going to the library.
 
| در مقابل || dar muqābil || in front of
 
|-
|-
| او به من می‌خندد. || Ū be man mīkhandid. || He/she is smiling at me.
 
| در طی || dar tay || during
 
|}
|}


=== 8. داخل (dākhel) - Inside, Into ===
=== Using Prepositions in Sentences ===
 
Now that we've covered some common prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their context is crucial for effective communication. Below are 20 examples that illustrate the use of these prepositions:
 
1. '''در''' (in)
 
* '''Dari:''' کتاب در میز است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' kitāb dar mīz ast.
 
* '''English:''' The book is on the table.
 
2. '''بر''' (on)
 
* '''Dari:''' گلابی بر درخت است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' golābī bar derakht ast.
 
* '''English:''' The pear is on the tree.
 
3. '''زیر''' (under)
 
* '''Dari:''' گربه زیر میز خوابیده است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' gorbeh zīr mīz khwābīde ast.
 
* '''English:''' The cat is sleeping under the table.
 
4. '''بالای''' (above)
 
* '''Dari:''' پرنده بالای درخت پرواز می‌کند.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' parande bālāy derakht parvāz mikonad.
 
* '''English:''' The bird flies above the tree.
 
5. '''نزدیک''' (near)
 
* '''Dari:''' خانه من نزدیک بازار است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' khāneh man nazdīk bāzār ast.
 
* '''English:''' My house is near the market.
 
6. '''دور''' (far)
 
* '''Dari:''' کتابخانه دور از اینجا است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ketābkhāneh dūr az injā ast.
 
* '''English:''' The library is far from here.
 
7. '''با''' (with)
 
* '''Dari:''' من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man bā dūstān-am beh sīnemā miravām.
 
* '''English:''' I go to the cinema with my friends.
 
8. '''بدون''' (without)
 
* '''Dari:''' او بدون کلاه بیرون نرفت.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū bedūn kolāh bīrūn narift.
 
* '''English:''' He didn't go outside without a hat.
 
9. '''به''' (to)
 
* '''Dari:''' من به مدرسه می‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man beh madrase miravām.
 
* '''English:''' I am going to school.
 
10. '''از''' (from)
 
* '''Dari:''' من از افغانستان هستم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man az Afghānistān hastam.
 
* '''English:''' I am from Afghanistan.
 
11. '''قبل از''' (before)
 
* '''Dari:''' قبل از خواب، کتاب می‌خوانم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' qabl az khwāb, kitāb mīkhānām.
 
* '''English:''' I read a book before sleeping.
 
12. '''بعد از''' (after)
 
* '''Dari:''' بعد از کار، استراحت می‌کنم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ba'd az kār, estirāhat mikonam.
 
* '''English:''' I rest after work.
 
13. '''در کنار''' (beside)
 
* '''Dari:''' او در کنار من نشسته است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū dar kanār man neshastah ast.
 
* '''English:''' He is sitting beside me.
 
14. '''از طرف''' (from the side of)
 
* '''Dari:''' نامه از طرف دوست من است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' nāmeh az taraf dūst-e man ast.
 
* '''English:''' The letter is from my friend.
 
15. '''در داخل''' (inside)
 
* '''Dari:''' بچه‌ها در داخل خانه بازی می‌کنند.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' bachahā dar dākhel khāneh bāzī mikonand.
 
* '''English:''' The children are playing inside the house.
 
16. '''در خارج''' (outside)
 
* '''Dari:''' من در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man dar khārej az keshvar zindagī mikonam.
 
* '''English:''' I live outside the country.
 
17. '''به سمت''' (towards)
 
* '''Dari:''' او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū beh samt darvāze miravad.
 
* '''English:''' He is going towards the gate.
 
18. '''به خاطر''' (because of)
 
* '''Dari:''' من به خاطر باران بیرون نمی‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man beh khāter bārān bīrūn namiravām.
 
* '''English:''' I am not going outside because of the rain.
 
19. '''برای''' (for)
 
* '''Dari:''' این هدیه برای توست.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' in hadīye barāy tōst.
 
* '''English:''' This gift is for you.
 
20. '''در مقابل''' (in front of)
 
* '''Dari:''' ماشین در مقابل خانه پارک است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' māshīn dar muqābil khāneh pārk ast.
 
* '''English:''' The car is parked in front of the house.
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
 
To practice what you've learned, here are 10 exercises for you to complete. After each exercise, you will find the answers and explanations.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition from the list: در, بر, زیر, بالای, نزدیک.
 
1. کتاب ______ میز است.
 
2. گربه ______ درخت خوابیده است.
 
3. پرنده ______ آسمان پرواز می‌کند.
 
4. خانه من ______ بازار است.
 
5. سیب ______ درخت است.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. در (The book is on the table.)
 
2. زیر (The cat is sleeping under the tree.)
 
3. بالای (The bird flies above the sky.)
 
4. نزدیک (My house is near the market.)
 
5. بر (The apple is on the tree.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===


The preposition "داخل" (dākhel) is used to indicate movement or position inside something or somewhere. It can be translated as "inside" or "into" in English. Let's see some examples:
Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the correct prepositions.


{| class="wikitable"
1. I go to school.
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
2. The cat is under the table.
| ما داخل خانه هستیم. || Mā dākhel khāneh hastīm. || We are inside the house.
 
|-
3. My house is far from here.
| او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. || Ū ketāb rā dākhel kīf mīgozārad. || He/she puts the book into the bag.
 
|}
4. The letter is from my friend.
 
5. I read a book before sleeping.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 2 ===
 
1. من به مدرسه می‌روم.
 
2. گربه زیر میز است.
 
3. خانه‌ام دور از اینجا است.
 
4. نامه از طرف دوست من است.
 
5. من قبل از خواب کتاب می‌خوانم.
 
=== Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions ===
 
Match the Dari prepositions on the left with their English translations on the right.
 
| Dari          | English          |
 
|---------------|------------------|
 
| در            | a) with          |
 
| بر            | b) in            |
 
| زیر          | c) on            |
 
| دور          | d) under        |
 
| نزدیک        | e) far          |
 
=== Answers to Exercise 3 ===
 
* در - b) in
 
* بر - c) on
 
* زیر - d) under
 
* دور - e) far
 
* نزدیک - a) with
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Your Sentences ===
 
Using the following prepositions, create your own sentences in Dari.
 
1. با (with)
 
2. بدون (without)
 
3. به (to)
 
4. از (from)
 
5. در کنار (beside)
 
=== Answers to Exercise 4 ===
 
* Example: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم. (I go to the cinema with my friends.)
 
* You can create your sentences as per your understanding.
 
=== Exercise 5: Identify the Preposition ===
 
Read the following sentences and identify the preposition used.
 
1. من در خانه هستم.
 
2. کتاب بر میز است.
 
3. گربه زیر صندلی خوابیده است.
 
4. او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
 
5. این هدیه برای توست.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 5 ===
 
1. در
 
2. بر
 
3. زیر
 
4. به سمت
 
5. برای
 
=== Exercise 6: Sentence Transformation ===
 
Transform the sentences by replacing the preposition with an appropriate one.
 
1. کتاب در میز است. (Change 'در' to 'زیر')
 
2. گلابی بر درخت است. (Change 'بر' to 'زیر')
 
3. من با دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (Change 'با' to 'بدون')
 
=== Answers to Exercise 6 ===
 
1. کتاب زیر میز است. (The book is under the table.)
 
2. گلابی زیر درخت است. (The pear is under the tree.)
 
3. من بدون دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (I study without my friends.)
 
=== Exercise 7: Choose the Correct Preposition ===
 
Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences.
 
1. من ______ خانه هستم. (در / بر)
 
2. پرنده ______ درخت پرواز می‌کند. (زیر / بالای)
 
3. کتابخانه ______ اینجا است. (دور / نزدیک)
 
=== Answers to Exercise 7 ===
 
1. در (I am in the house.)
 
2. بالای (The bird flies above the tree.)
 
3. نزدیک (The library is near here.)
 
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form ===
 
Fill in the correct form of the preposition in the sentences.
 
1. او در ______ (کنار / بالای) من نشسته است.
 
2. این هدیه ______ (برای / بدون) توست.
 
3. من از ______ (طرف / در) دوست خود نامه دارم.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 8 ===
 
1. کنار (He is sitting beside me.)
 
2. برای (This gift is for you.)
 
3. طرف (I have a letter from my friend.)
 
=== Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences ===
 
Rewrite the sentences using the opposite of the preposition given.


=== 9. پشت (posht) - Behind ===
1. گربه زیر میز است. (Use 'بالای')


The preposition "پشت" (posht) is used to indicate the position or location behind something or someone. It can be translated as "behind" in English. Let's look at some examples:
2. او به سمت خانه می‌رود. (Use 'دور از')


{| class="wikitable"
3. من در داخل اتاق هستم. (Use 'در خارج')
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ما پشت در هستیم. || Mā posht dar hastīm. || We are behind the door.
|-
| او پشت کتابخانه است. || Ū posht-e ketābkhāneh ast. || He/she is behind the library.
|}


=== 10. جلو (jelo) - In Front of ===
=== Answers to Exercise 9 ===


The preposition "جلو" (jelo) is used to indicate the position or location in front of something or someone. It can be translated as "in front of" in English. Here are a few examples:
1. گربه بالای میز است. (The cat is above the table.)


{| class="wikitable"
2. او دور از خانه می‌رود. (He is going far from home.)
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتاب جلو میز است. || Ketāb jelo mīz ast. || The book is in front of the table.
|-
| او جلو کلاس قرار دارد. || Ū jelo kelās qarār dārad. || He/she is in front of the class.
|}


== Cultural Insights ==
3. من در خارج اتاق هستم. (I am outside the room.)


Understanding the cultural context of language is essential for effective communication. In Afghanistan, Dari is spoken by a significant portion of the population and carries cultural nuances specific to the region. Here are some cultural insights related to the use of prepositions in Dari:
=== Exercise 10: Complete the Dialogue ===


1. Social Etiquette: When referring to someone older or in a higher position, it is common to add the preposition "در" (dar) before their name as a sign of respect. For example, "در حاجی صاحب" (dar Hājī Sāheb) means "Mr. Hājī" or "Hājī Sir."
Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.


2. Religious References: Dari, being one of the official languages of Afghanistan, carries religious significance as well. Prepositions such as "به" (be) meaning "to" or "towards" are often used to express devotion or reverence towards God or religious figures.
A: تو ______ کجا هستی؟


3. Traditional Practices: In traditional Afghan culture, it is customary to welcome guests with warm hospitality. The preposition "به" (be) is used when inviting someone into your home, as in "به خانه ما خوش آمدید" (be khāne-ye mā khosh āmaded), meaning "Welcome to our home."
B: من ______ خانه هستم.


4. Historical Influences: Afghanistan has a rich history with various cultural influences from neighboring countries. For instance, the preposition "به‌سوی" (be-suī) meaning "towards" is derived from Persian and reflects the historical and cultural connections between the two languages.
=== Answers to Exercise 10 ===


== Practice Exercises ==
A: تو در کجا هستی؟ (Where are you?)


Now that we have explored the basic prepositions in Dari, it's time to practice using them in sentences. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:
B: من در خانه هستم. (I am in the house.)


1. من برای تو __ نامه نوشتم. (barāy)
With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using basic prepositions in Dari. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself using them effortlessly in conversation!
2. کتاب __ روی میز است. (در)
3. ما بین __ میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو)
4. او درباره فیلم __ صحبت می‌کند. (در)
5. کاغذ __ میز است. (بر)
6. من به کتابخانه __ می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی)
7. او کتاب را __ کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل)
8. ما پشت __ در هستیم. (جلو)
9. کتاب __ جلو میز است. (در)
10. او __ کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)


== Solutions ==
{{#seo:


Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:
|title=Basic Prepositions in Dari


1. من برای تو نامه نوشتم. (barāy)
|keywords=Dari, prepositions, basic Dari grammar, learn Dari, Dari language
2. کتاب در روی میز است. (در)
3. ما بین دو میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو)
4. او درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کند. (در)
5. کاغذ بر میز است. (بر)
6. من به کتابخانه می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی)
7. او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل)
8. ما پشت در جلو هستیم. (جلو)
9. کتاب در جلو میز است. (در)
10. او پشت کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)


== Conclusion ==
|description=In this lesson, you will learn common Dari prepositions, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences to express location, time, and direction.


Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on basic prepositions in Dari. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, allowing us to express location, time, and direction. By mastering the usage of prepositions in Dari, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of the Dari language to further enhance your language skills.
}}


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 06:22, 2 August 2024

◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

Dari-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Prepositions

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Basic Prepositions in Dari! Prepositions are essential elements of any language, serving as the glue that holds sentences together. They help us express relationships between words, particularly in terms of location, time, and direction. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly in Dari.

In this lesson, we will explore:

  • The significance of prepositions in Dari
  • A selection of common Dari prepositions
  • Their meanings and uses in sentences
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your learning

By the end of this lesson, you should feel more comfortable using basic prepositions in Dari, which will be a foundational skill as you continue your journey to becoming proficient in the language.

Importance of Prepositions in Dari[edit | edit source]

Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. In Dari, they help you describe:

  • Where something is located (e.g., "on the table")
  • When something happens (e.g., "at noon")
  • How to move from one place to another (e.g., "towards the school")

Without the appropriate use of prepositions, your sentences may lack clarity and precision. So, let's dive into some of the most common prepositions in Dari!

Common Dari Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a list of some basic prepositions you will encounter frequently in Dari, along with their meanings:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
در dar in
بر bar on
زیر zīr under
بالای bālāy above
نزدیک nazdīk near
دور dūr far
با bā with
بدون bedūn without
به beh to
از az from
قبل از qabl az before
بعد از ba'd az after
در کنار dar kanār beside
از طرف az taraf from the side of
در داخل dar dākhel inside
در خارج dar khārej outside
به سمت beh samt towards
به خاطر beh khāter because of
برای barāy for
در مقابل dar muqābil in front of
در طی dar tay during

Using Prepositions in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered some common prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their context is crucial for effective communication. Below are 20 examples that illustrate the use of these prepositions:

1. در (in)

  • Dari: کتاب در میز است.
  • Pronunciation: kitāb dar mīz ast.
  • English: The book is on the table.

2. بر (on)

  • Dari: گلابی بر درخت است.
  • Pronunciation: golābī bar derakht ast.
  • English: The pear is on the tree.

3. زیر (under)

  • Dari: گربه زیر میز خوابیده است.
  • Pronunciation: gorbeh zīr mīz khwābīde ast.
  • English: The cat is sleeping under the table.

4. بالای (above)

  • Dari: پرنده بالای درخت پرواز می‌کند.
  • Pronunciation: parande bālāy derakht parvāz mikonad.
  • English: The bird flies above the tree.

5. نزدیک (near)

  • Dari: خانه من نزدیک بازار است.
  • Pronunciation: khāneh man nazdīk bāzār ast.
  • English: My house is near the market.

6. دور (far)

  • Dari: کتابخانه دور از اینجا است.
  • Pronunciation: ketābkhāneh dūr az injā ast.
  • English: The library is far from here.

7. با (with)

  • Dari: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man bā dūstān-am beh sīnemā miravām.
  • English: I go to the cinema with my friends.

8. بدون (without)

  • Dari: او بدون کلاه بیرون نرفت.
  • Pronunciation: ū bedūn kolāh bīrūn narift.
  • English: He didn't go outside without a hat.

9. به (to)

  • Dari: من به مدرسه می‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man beh madrase miravām.
  • English: I am going to school.

10. از (from)

  • Dari: من از افغانستان هستم.
  • Pronunciation: man az Afghānistān hastam.
  • English: I am from Afghanistan.

11. قبل از (before)

  • Dari: قبل از خواب، کتاب می‌خوانم.
  • Pronunciation: qabl az khwāb, kitāb mīkhānām.
  • English: I read a book before sleeping.

12. بعد از (after)

  • Dari: بعد از کار، استراحت می‌کنم.
  • Pronunciation: ba'd az kār, estirāhat mikonam.
  • English: I rest after work.

13. در کنار (beside)

  • Dari: او در کنار من نشسته است.
  • Pronunciation: ū dar kanār man neshastah ast.
  • English: He is sitting beside me.

14. از طرف (from the side of)

  • Dari: نامه از طرف دوست من است.
  • Pronunciation: nāmeh az taraf dūst-e man ast.
  • English: The letter is from my friend.

15. در داخل (inside)

  • Dari: بچه‌ها در داخل خانه بازی می‌کنند.
  • Pronunciation: bachahā dar dākhel khāneh bāzī mikonand.
  • English: The children are playing inside the house.

16. در خارج (outside)

  • Dari: من در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنم.
  • Pronunciation: man dar khārej az keshvar zindagī mikonam.
  • English: I live outside the country.

17. به سمت (towards)

  • Dari: او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
  • Pronunciation: ū beh samt darvāze miravad.
  • English: He is going towards the gate.

18. به خاطر (because of)

  • Dari: من به خاطر باران بیرون نمی‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man beh khāter bārān bīrūn namiravām.
  • English: I am not going outside because of the rain.

19. برای (for)

  • Dari: این هدیه برای توست.
  • Pronunciation: in hadīye barāy tōst.
  • English: This gift is for you.

20. در مقابل (in front of)

  • Dari: ماشین در مقابل خانه پارک است.
  • Pronunciation: māshīn dar muqābil khāneh pārk ast.
  • English: The car is parked in front of the house.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

To practice what you've learned, here are 10 exercises for you to complete. After each exercise, you will find the answers and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition from the list: در, بر, زیر, بالای, نزدیک.

1. کتاب ______ میز است.

2. گربه ______ درخت خوابیده است.

3. پرنده ______ آسمان پرواز می‌کند.

4. خانه من ______ بازار است.

5. سیب ______ درخت است.

Answers to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. در (The book is on the table.)

2. زیر (The cat is sleeping under the tree.)

3. بالای (The bird flies above the sky.)

4. نزدیک (My house is near the market.)

5. بر (The apple is on the tree.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the correct prepositions.

1. I go to school.

2. The cat is under the table.

3. My house is far from here.

4. The letter is from my friend.

5. I read a book before sleeping.

Answers to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. من به مدرسه می‌روم.

2. گربه زیر میز است.

3. خانه‌ام دور از اینجا است.

4. نامه از طرف دوست من است.

5. من قبل از خواب کتاب می‌خوانم.

Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Match the Dari prepositions on the left with their English translations on the right.

| Dari | English |

|---------------|------------------|

| در | a) with |

| بر | b) in |

| زیر | c) on |

| دور | d) under |

| نزدیک | e) far |

Answers to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

  • در - b) in
  • بر - c) on
  • زیر - d) under
  • دور - e) far
  • نزدیک - a) with

Exercise 4: Create Your Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following prepositions, create your own sentences in Dari.

1. با (with)

2. بدون (without)

3. به (to)

4. از (from)

5. در کنار (beside)

Answers to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

  • Example: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم. (I go to the cinema with my friends.)
  • You can create your sentences as per your understanding.

Exercise 5: Identify the Preposition[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the preposition used.

1. من در خانه هستم.

2. کتاب بر میز است.

3. گربه زیر صندلی خوابیده است.

4. او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.

5. این هدیه برای توست.

Answers to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. در

2. بر

3. زیر

4. به سمت

5. برای

Exercise 6: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the sentences by replacing the preposition with an appropriate one.

1. کتاب در میز است. (Change 'در' to 'زیر')

2. گلابی بر درخت است. (Change 'بر' to 'زیر')

3. من با دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (Change 'با' to 'بدون')

Answers to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب زیر میز است. (The book is under the table.)

2. گلابی زیر درخت است. (The pear is under the tree.)

3. من بدون دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (I study without my friends.)

Exercise 7: Choose the Correct Preposition[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences.

1. من ______ خانه هستم. (در / بر)

2. پرنده ______ درخت پرواز می‌کند. (زیر / بالای)

3. کتابخانه ______ اینجا است. (دور / نزدیک)

Answers to Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. در (I am in the house.)

2. بالای (The bird flies above the tree.)

3. نزدیک (The library is near here.)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the correct form of the preposition in the sentences.

1. او در ______ (کنار / بالای) من نشسته است.

2. این هدیه ______ (برای / بدون) توست.

3. من از ______ (طرف / در) دوست خود نامه دارم.

Answers to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. کنار (He is sitting beside me.)

2. برای (This gift is for you.)

3. طرف (I have a letter from my friend.)

Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences using the opposite of the preposition given.

1. گربه زیر میز است. (Use 'بالای')

2. او به سمت خانه می‌رود. (Use 'دور از')

3. من در داخل اتاق هستم. (Use 'در خارج')

Answers to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. گربه بالای میز است. (The cat is above the table.)

2. او دور از خانه می‌رود. (He is going far from home.)

3. من در خارج اتاق هستم. (I am outside the room.)

Exercise 10: Complete the Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

A: تو ______ کجا هستی؟

B: من ______ خانه هستم.

Answers to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

A: تو در کجا هستی؟ (Where are you?)

B: من در خانه هستم. (I am in the house.)

With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using basic prepositions in Dari. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself using them effortlessly in conversation!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




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