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{{Panjabi-Page-Top}}
{{Panjabi-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Panjabi Script → Gurmukhi Alphabet</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Gurmukhi Alphabet</div>


__TOC__
Welcome to this exciting lesson on the '''Gurmukhi Alphabet'''! As a beginner in the Panjabi language, understanding the Gurmukhi script is your first step towards mastering communication in Panjabi. The Gurmukhi alphabet is not just a collection of characters; it is the foundation of the language and a gateway to the rich culture and traditions of Punjab.


== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will explore:


In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Gurmukhi alphabet, the script used to write the Panjabi language. Understanding the Gurmukhi alphabet is essential for anyone who wishes to read, write, and communicate effectively in Panjabi. The Gurmukhi alphabet consists of vowels, consonants, and matra (diacritical marks) that modify the pronunciation of consonants. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in the Gurmukhi alphabet and be able to recognize, pronounce, and write the Panjabi letters with confidence.
* The structure of the Gurmukhi alphabet, including vowels and consonants.


== The Importance of the Gurmukhi Alphabet ==
* The pronunciation of each letter.


The Gurmukhi alphabet holds great significance in Panjabi culture and language. It is not just a means of communication but also a reflection of Panjabi identity and heritage. Gurmukhi, meaning "from the mouth of the Guru," was developed by the second Sikh Guru, Guru Angad Dev Ji, in the 16th century. It became the script of the Sikh scriptures and played a vital role in spreading Sikhism and Panjabi literature.
* Practical examples to help you connect the letters with their sounds and meanings.


Learning the Gurmukhi alphabet allows Panjabi speakers to connect with their cultural roots, read religious texts, and preserve the rich Panjabi literary tradition. Additionally, understanding the Gurmukhi script enables learners to navigate Panjabi media, such as newspapers, books, and websites, and communicate effectively in writing.
Let's embark on this journey together to unlock the beauty of the Panjabi language!


== Lesson Structure ==
__TOC__


This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Panjabi Course" and is designed for complete beginners. We will focus solely on the Gurmukhi alphabet, its vowels, consonants, and their pronunciation. The lesson will be divided into the following sections:
=== Understanding the Gurmukhi Alphabet ===


1. Introduction: Importance of the Gurmukhi Alphabet and Lesson Structure.
The Gurmukhi script consists of 35 letters, which include vowels and consonants. Each letter has a unique sound and is integral in forming words. The beauty of Gurmukhi lies in its simplicity and phonetic nature, which means that words are pronounced as they are written.  
2. Vowels: Learn the vowels of the Gurmukhi alphabet and their pronunciation.
3. Consonants: Explore the consonants of the Gurmukhi alphabet and their pronunciation.
4. Conjunct Consonants: Discover the conjunct consonants formed by combining two or more consonants.
5. Exercises: Apply what you have learned through interactive exercises and practice scenarios.
6. Solutions: Find solutions and explanations for the exercises.
7. Cultural Insights: Gain a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of the Gurmukhi alphabet.


Let's begin our journey into the enchanting world of the Gurmukhi alphabet!
==== Vowels in Gurmukhi ====


== Vowels ==
Vowels are crucial in forming syllables and words. In Gurmukhi, there are '''10 vowels'''. Below, you will see the vowels along with their pronunciation and examples.


The Gurmukhi alphabet consists of ten vowels, which are written as independent letters. Vowels play a crucial role in Panjabi pronunciation and help differentiate words with similar consonant patterns. Let's explore each vowel and its pronunciation:
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ਅ || a || as in "car"
 
| ਅ || /ə/ (a) || a
 
|-
|-
| ਆ || ā || as in "father"
 
| ਆ || /aː/ (aa) || aa
 
|-
|-
| ਇ || i || as in "sit"
 
| ਇ || /ɪ/ (i) || i
 
|-
|-
| ਈ || ī || as in "meet"
 
| ਈ || /iː/ (ee) || ee
 
|-
|-
| ਉ || u || as in "put"
 
| ਉ || /ʊ/ (u) || u
 
|-
|-
| ਊ || ū || as in "roof"
 
| ਊ || /uː/ (oo) || oo
 
|-
|-
| ਏ || ē || as in "hey"
 
| ਏ || /eː/ (e) || e
 
|-
|-
| ਐ || ai || as in "high"
 
| ਐ || /æː/ (ai) || ai
 
|-
|-
| ਓ || ō || as in "go"
 
| ਓ || /oː/ (o) || o
 
|-
|-
| ਔ || au || as in "now"
 
| ਔ || /aʊ/ (au) || au
 
|}
|}


It's important to practice pronouncing each vowel accurately to ensure clear communication in Panjabi. Take your time to listen to the audio recordings and repeat the sounds until you feel comfortable with the pronunciation.
These vowels can be combined with consonants to create various sounds in Panjabi words.


== Consonants ==
==== Consonants in Gurmukhi ====


The Gurmukhi alphabet consists of thirty-five consonants, each representing a distinct sound. These consonants are divided into five groups based on their place of articulation. Let's explore each group and its corresponding consonants:
The Gurmukhi alphabet has '''35 consonants'''. Each consonant represents a specific sound, and they can be combined with vowels to form syllables. Below is a table showcasing some of the key consonants.


=== Group 1: Velar Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"


Velar consonants are produced by raising the back of the tongue against the soft part of the roof of the mouth. The Gurmukhi alphabet has six velar consonants:
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ਕ || k || as in "kick"
 
| ਕ || /kə/ (k) || k
 
|-
|-
| ਖ || kh || aspirated k, as in "khaki"
 
| ਖ || /kʰə/ (kh) || kh
 
|-
|-
| ਗ || g || as in "go"
 
| ਗ || /gə/ (g) || g
 
|-
|-
| ਘ || gh || voiced g, as in "ghost"
 
| ਘ || /gʰə/ (gh) || gh
 
|-
|-
| ਙ || ṅ || as in "sing"
 
| ਚ || /tʃə/ (ch) || ch
 
|-
|-
| ਚ || c || as in "chat"
 
| ਛ || /tʃʰə/ (chh) || chh
 
|-
|-
| ਛ || ch || aspirated c, as in "chance"
 
| ਜ || /dʒə/ (j) || j
 
|-
|-
| ਜ || j || as in "jump"
 
| ਝ || /dʒʰə/ (jh) || jh
 
|-
|-
| ਝ || jh || voiced j, as in "jam"
 
| ਟ || /ʈə/ (t) || t
 
|-
|-
| ਞ || ñ || as in "canyon"
|}


Take your time to practice pronouncing each velar consonant accurately. Pay attention to the aspiration and voicing where applicable.
| ਠ || /ʈʰə/ (th) || th


=== Group 2: Palatal Consonants ===
|-


Palatal consonants are produced by raising the middle of the tongue against the hard part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the alveolar ridge. The Gurmukhi alphabet has six palatal consonants:
| ਡ || /ɖə/ (d) || d


{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ਟ || ṭ || as in "top"
 
| ਢ || /ɖʰə/ (dh) || dh
 
|-
|-
| ਠ || ṭh || aspirated ṭ, as in "thunder"
 
| ਤ || /t̪ə/ (t) || t
 
|-
|-
| ਡ || ḍ || voiced ṭ, as in "dome"
 
| ਥ || /t̪ʰə/ (th) || th
 
|-
|-
| ਢ || ḍh || voiced aspirated ṭ, as in "dharma"
 
| ਦ || /d̪ə/ (d) || d
 
|-
|-
| ਣ || ṇ || as in "turn"
 
| ਧ || /d̪ʰə/ (dh) || dh
 
|-
|-
| ਤ || t || as in "ten"
 
| ਪ || /pə/ (p) || p
 
|-
|-
| ਥ || th || aspirated t, as in "thank"
 
| ਫ || /pʰə/ (ph) || ph
 
|-
|-
| ਦ || d || as in "dog"
 
| ਬ || /bə/ (b) || b
 
|-
|-
| ਧ || dh || voiced d, as in "door"
 
| ਭ || /bʰə/ (bh) || bh
 
|-
|-
| ਨ || n || as in "no"
|}


Practice pronouncing each palatal consonant accurately and focus on the aspiration and voicing where applicable.
| ਮ || /mə/ (m) || m


=== Group 3: Retroflex Consonants ===
|-


Retroflex consonants are produced by curling the tip of the tongue backward and touching the hard part of the roof of the mouth. The Gurmukhi alphabet has six retroflex consonants:
| ਯ || /jə/ (y) || y


{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ਪ || p || as in "pan"
 
| ਰ || /rə/ (r) || r
 
|-
|-
| ਫ || ph || aspirated p, as in "phone"
 
| ਲ || /lə/ (l) || l
 
|-
|-
| ਬ || b || as in "bat"
 
| ਵ || /və/ (v) || v
 
|-
|-
| ਭ || bh || voiced b, as in "bed"
 
| ਸ || /sə/ (s) || s
 
|-
|-
| ਮ || m || as in "man"
 
|-
| ਹ || /hə/ (h) || h
| ਯ || y || as in "yes"
 
|-
| ਰ || r || as in "red"
|-
| ਲ || l || as in "love"
|-
| ਵ || v || as in "vet"
|-
| ਸ || s || as in "sit"
|-
| ਹ || h || as in "hat"
|-
| ਲ਼ || ḷ || as in "milk"
|}
|}


Take your time to practice pronouncing each retroflex consonant accurately. Pay attention to the voicing and aspiration where applicable.
With these letters, you can start forming words and sentences in Panjabi.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have a grasp of the Gurmukhi alphabet, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice what you've learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel ====
 
Match the Gurmukhi vowels with their correct English pronunciation.
 
| Vowels | Match |
 
| --- | --- |
 
| 1. ਅ | A. ee |
 
| 2. ਇ | B. a |
 
| 3. ਆ | C. ai |
 
| 4. ਈ | D. u |
 
| 5. ਉ | E. aː |
 
'''Answer Key:'''
 
1. B
 
2. A
 
3. E
 
4. D
 
5. C
 
==== Exercise 2: Consonant Recognition ====
 
Identify the consonant from the given sound.
 
| Sound | Consonant |
 
| --- | --- |
 
| 1. /kə/ | A. ਖ |
 
| 2. /dʒə/ | B. ਜ |
 
| 3. /pʰə/ | C. ਪ |
 
| 4. /mə/ | D. ਮ |
 
| 5. /sə/ | E. ਸ |
 
'''Answer Key:'''
 
1. A
 
2. B
 
3. C
 
4. D
 
5. E
 
==== Exercise 3: Vowel Combinations ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct vowel to complete the Gurmukhi word.
 
1. ਕ__ਲ (k__l)
 
2. ਮ__ਤ (m__t)
 
3. ਚ__ਕ (ch__k)
 
'''Answer Key:'''
 
1. ਕਾ (kāl)
 
2. ਮੀ (mīt)
 
3. ਚੀ (chīk)
 
==== Exercise 4: Pronunciation Practice ====
 
Practice the following Gurmukhi words and their English meanings.
 
| Gurmukhi | English |
 
| --- | --- |
 
| ਮਾਂ | Mother |
 
| ਪਿਤਾ | Father |
 
| ਭਾਈ | Brother |
 
| ਬਹਿਨ | Sister |
 
| ਦੋਸਤ | Friend |
 
'''Answer Key:'''
 
* Pronounce each word in Gurmukhi as you read its English meaning.
 
==== Exercise 5: Construct Words ====
 
Using the vowels and consonants, create as many words as possible. For example, using ਕ (k) and ਉ (u), you can form the word ਕੁ (ku).
 
'''Answer Key:'''
 
* Possible words: ਕੁ (ku), ਖੁ (khu), ਬੁ (bu), etc.
 
==== Exercise 6: Word Matching ====
 
Match the Gurmukhi words with their English meanings.
 
| Gurmukhi | Match |
 
| --- | --- |
 
| 1. ਸੂਰਜ | A. Moon |
 
| 2. ਚੰਨ | B. Sun |
 
| 3. ਤਾਰਾ | C. Star |


=== Group 4: Dental Consonants ===
| 4. ਅਸਮਾਨ | D. Sky |


Dental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue against or near the upper front teeth. The Gurmukhi alphabet has four dental consonants:
'''Answer Key:'''


{| class="wikitable"
1. B
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ਨ || t || as in "tap"
|-
| ਥ || th || aspirated t, as in "thank"
|-
| ਦ || d || as in "dog"
|-
| ਧ || dh || voiced d, as in "door"
|-
| ਨ || n || as in "no"
|}


Practice pronouncing each dental consonant accurately and focus on the aspiration and voicing where applicable.
2. A


=== Group 5: Labial Consonants ===
3. C


Labial consonants are produced by using the lips. The Gurmukhi alphabet has three labial consonants:
4. D


{| class="wikitable"
==== Exercise 7: Fill in the Gaps ====
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ਪ || p || as in "pan"
|-
| ਫ || ph || aspirated p, as in "phone"
|-
| ਬ || b || as in "bat"
|-
| ਭ || bh || voiced b, as in "bed"
|-
| ਮ || m || as in "man"
|}


Take your time to practice pronouncing each labial consonant accurately. Pay attention to the voicing and aspiration where applicable.
Fill in the blanks with the correct Gurmukhi letters.


== Conjunct Consonants ==
1. __ਮ (m__)


In addition to the independent consonants, the Gurmukhi alphabet also includes conjunct consonants, which are formed by combining two or more consonants. Conjunct consonants are an integral part of the Panjabi script and play a crucial role in writing words accurately. Here are some examples of conjunct consonants:
2. __ਪ (p__)


{| class="wikitable"
3. __ਸ (s__)
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ਕਾ || kā || as in "car"
|-
| ਸਾ || sā || as in "sun"
|-
| ਰਾ || rā || as in "red"
|-
| ਜਾ || jā || as in "jar"
|-
| ਸ੍ਰ || sr || as in "stream"
|-
| ਪ੍ਰ || pr || as in "pray"
|-
| ਭ੍ਰ || br || as in "brown"
|}


Conjunct consonants require practice and familiarity to write accurately. Take your time to study and practice these combinations until you feel comfortable forming them.
'''Answer Key:'''


== Exercises ==
1. ਮ


Now that you have learned the vowels, consonants, and conjunct consonants of the Gurmukhi alphabet, it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned:
2. ਪ


Exercise 1: Write the Panjabi letter corresponding to the given English sound.
3. ਸ


1. Sound: "p"
==== Exercise 8: Create Sentences ====
  Panjabi Letter: ਡ


2. Sound: "chh"
Using the words learned, create simple sentences.
  Panjabi Letter: ਛ


3. Sound: "r"
| Example | Sentence |
  Panjabi Letter: ਰ


4. Sound: "gh"
| --- | --- |
  Panjabi Letter: ਘ


5. Sound: "m"
| 1. ਮਾਂ | My mother |
  Panjabi Letter: ਮ


Exercise 2: Write the English translation of the given Panjabi letters.
| 2. ਪਿਤਾ | My father |


1. Panjabi Letter: ਧ
| 3. ਭਾਈ | My brother |
  English Translation: door


2. Panjabi Letter: ਜ
'''Answer Key:'''
  English Translation: jump


3. Panjabi Letter: ਡ
* Sentences should reflect a simple structure using the vocabulary.
  English Translation: dome


4. Panjabi Letter: ਥ
==== Exercise 9: Identify the Letter ====
  English Translation: thunder


5. Panjabi Letter: ਯ
Identify the following letters in Gurmukhi.
  English Translation: yes


== Solutions ==
| Letter | Identification |


Exercise 1:
| --- | --- |


1. Sound: "p"
| 1. ਕ | A. Kh |
  Panjabi Letter: ਪ


2. Sound: "chh"
| 2. ਗ | B. G |
  Panjabi Letter: ਛ


3. Sound: "r"
| 3. ਚ | C. Ch |
  Panjabi Letter: ਰ


4. Sound: "gh"
'''Answer Key:'''
  Panjabi Letter: ਘ


5. Sound: "m"
1. A
  Panjabi Letter: ਮ


Exercise 2:
2. B


1. Panjabi Letter: ਧ
3. C
  English Translation: door


2. Panjabi Letter: ਜ
==== Exercise 10: Listening Practice ====
  English Translation: jump


3. Panjabi Letter: ਡ
Listen to a native speaker pronounce the following words and try to repeat them.
  English Translation: dome


4. Panjabi Letter: ਥ
| Gurmukhi | English |
  English Translation: thunder


5. Panjabi Letter: ਯ
| --- | --- |
  English Translation: yes


== Cultural Insights ==
| ਸੱਚ | Truth |


The Gurmukhi alphabet holds immense cultural significance in Panjabi society. It is deeply intertwined with Sikhism, as the Sikh scriptures, known as the Guru Granth Sahib, are written in Gurmukhi script. Learning the Gurmukhi alphabet enables individuals to connect with their Sikh heritage, read the Guru Granth Sahib, and participate more fully in Sikh religious and cultural practices.
| ਝਗੜਾ | Fight |


In addition to its religious importance, the Gurmukhi alphabet plays a vital role in Panjabi literature and poetry. Many renowned Panjabi poets and authors have composed their works in Gurmukhi script, contributing to the rich literary tradition of the Panjabi language. By learning the Gurmukhi alphabet, learners gain access to a vast wealth of Panjabi literature and can appreciate the beauty and depth of Panjabi poetry.
| ਸਿਖ | Sikh |


The Gurmukhi script also reflects the resilience and determination of the Panjabi people. Despite the challenges of colonial rule and attempts to undermine Panjabi language and culture, the Gurmukhi script has persevered and continues to thrive. It serves as a symbol of Panjabi identity, unity, and pride.
'''Answer Key:'''


== Conclusion ==
* Focus on mimicking the pronunciation as closely as possible.


Congratulations on completing the introduction to the Gurmukhi alphabet! You have taken the first step towards mastering the Panjabi language and connecting with Panjabi culture and heritage. In this lesson, you learned the vowels, consonants, conjunct consonants, and cultural significance of the Gurmukhi alphabet.
=== Conclusion ===


Continue practicing and reviewing the Gurmukhi alphabet until you feel confident in recognizing, pronouncing, and writing each letter. In the next lesson, we will explore the Gurmukhi Matra, which modifies the pronunciation of consonants and adds further depth to the Panjabi language.
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the Gurmukhi alphabet! Mastering these letters is a significant step towards your journey in learning Panjabi. As you progress through this course, you will find that your understanding of these fundamentals will serve you well in constructing sentences and communicating effectively.


Remember to embrace the beauty and uniqueness of the Gurmukhi script as you continue your Panjabi language journey. ਧੰਨਵਾਦ! (Thank you!)
Keep practicing your pronunciation and writing, and don't hesitate to revisit this material as needed. Remember, learning a new language is a journey, and every step you take adds to your skills and confidence.  


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Latest revision as of 21:52, 1 August 2024

Next Lesson — Gurmukhi Matra ▶️

Punjabi-language-polyglotclub.png
Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Gurmukhi Alphabet

Welcome to this exciting lesson on the Gurmukhi Alphabet! As a beginner in the Panjabi language, understanding the Gurmukhi script is your first step towards mastering communication in Panjabi. The Gurmukhi alphabet is not just a collection of characters; it is the foundation of the language and a gateway to the rich culture and traditions of Punjab.

In this lesson, we will explore:

  • The structure of the Gurmukhi alphabet, including vowels and consonants.
  • The pronunciation of each letter.
  • Practical examples to help you connect the letters with their sounds and meanings.

Let's embark on this journey together to unlock the beauty of the Panjabi language!

Understanding the Gurmukhi Alphabet[edit | edit source]

The Gurmukhi script consists of 35 letters, which include vowels and consonants. Each letter has a unique sound and is integral in forming words. The beauty of Gurmukhi lies in its simplicity and phonetic nature, which means that words are pronounced as they are written.

Vowels in Gurmukhi[edit | edit source]

Vowels are crucial in forming syllables and words. In Gurmukhi, there are 10 vowels. Below, you will see the vowels along with their pronunciation and examples.

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਅ /ə/ (a) a
ਆ /aː/ (aa) aa
ਇ /ɪ/ (i) i
ਈ /iː/ (ee) ee
ਉ /ʊ/ (u) u
ਊ /uː/ (oo) oo
ਏ /eː/ (e) e
ਐ /æː/ (ai) ai
ਓ /oː/ (o) o
ਔ /aʊ/ (au) au

These vowels can be combined with consonants to create various sounds in Panjabi words.

Consonants in Gurmukhi[edit | edit source]

The Gurmukhi alphabet has 35 consonants. Each consonant represents a specific sound, and they can be combined with vowels to form syllables. Below is a table showcasing some of the key consonants.

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਕ /kə/ (k) k
ਖ /kʰə/ (kh) kh
ਗ /gə/ (g) g
ਘ /gʰə/ (gh) gh
ਚ /tʃə/ (ch) ch
ਛ /tʃʰə/ (chh) chh
ਜ /dʒə/ (j) j
ਝ /dʒʰə/ (jh) jh
ਟ /ʈə/ (t) t
ਠ /ʈʰə/ (th) th
ਡ /ɖə/ (d) d
ਢ /ɖʰə/ (dh) dh
ਤ /t̪ə/ (t) t
ਥ /t̪ʰə/ (th) th
ਦ /d̪ə/ (d) d
ਧ /d̪ʰə/ (dh) dh
ਪ /pə/ (p) p
ਫ /pʰə/ (ph) ph
ਬ /bə/ (b) b
ਭ /bʰə/ (bh) bh
ਮ /mə/ (m) m
ਯ /jə/ (y) y
ਰ /rə/ (r) r
ਲ /lə/ (l) l
ਵ /və/ (v) v
ਸ /sə/ (s) s
ਹ /hə/ (h) h

With these letters, you can start forming words and sentences in Panjabi.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a grasp of the Gurmukhi alphabet, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel[edit | edit source]

Match the Gurmukhi vowels with their correct English pronunciation.

| Vowels | Match |

| --- | --- |

| 1. ਅ | A. ee |

| 2. ਇ | B. a |

| 3. ਆ | C. ai |

| 4. ਈ | D. u |

| 5. ਉ | E. aː |

Answer Key:

1. B

2. A

3. E

4. D

5. C

Exercise 2: Consonant Recognition[edit | edit source]

Identify the consonant from the given sound.

| Sound | Consonant |

| --- | --- |

| 1. /kə/ | A. ਖ |

| 2. /dʒə/ | B. ਜ |

| 3. /pʰə/ | C. ਪ |

| 4. /mə/ | D. ਮ |

| 5. /sə/ | E. ਸ |

Answer Key:

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

Exercise 3: Vowel Combinations[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct vowel to complete the Gurmukhi word.

1. ਕ__ਲ (k__l)

2. ਮ__ਤ (m__t)

3. ਚ__ਕ (ch__k)

Answer Key:

1. ਕਾ (kāl)

2. ਮੀ (mīt)

3. ਚੀ (chīk)

Exercise 4: Pronunciation Practice[edit | edit source]

Practice the following Gurmukhi words and their English meanings.

| Gurmukhi | English |

| --- | --- |

| ਮਾਂ | Mother |

| ਪਿਤਾ | Father |

| ਭਾਈ | Brother |

| ਬਹਿਨ | Sister |

| ਦੋਸਤ | Friend |

Answer Key:

  • Pronounce each word in Gurmukhi as you read its English meaning.

Exercise 5: Construct Words[edit | edit source]

Using the vowels and consonants, create as many words as possible. For example, using ਕ (k) and ਉ (u), you can form the word ਕੁ (ku).

Answer Key:

  • Possible words: ਕੁ (ku), ਖੁ (khu), ਬੁ (bu), etc.

Exercise 6: Word Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Gurmukhi words with their English meanings.

| Gurmukhi | Match |

| --- | --- |

| 1. ਸੂਰਜ | A. Moon |

| 2. ਚੰਨ | B. Sun |

| 3. ਤਾਰਾ | C. Star |

| 4. ਅਸਮਾਨ | D. Sky |

Answer Key:

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. D

Exercise 7: Fill in the Gaps[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct Gurmukhi letters.

1. __ਮ (m__)

2. __ਪ (p__)

3. __ਸ (s__)

Answer Key:

1. ਮ

2. ਪ

3. ਸ

Exercise 8: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the words learned, create simple sentences.

| Example | Sentence |

| --- | --- |

| 1. ਮਾਂ | My mother |

| 2. ਪਿਤਾ | My father |

| 3. ਭਾਈ | My brother |

Answer Key:

  • Sentences should reflect a simple structure using the vocabulary.

Exercise 9: Identify the Letter[edit | edit source]

Identify the following letters in Gurmukhi.

| Letter | Identification |

| --- | --- |

| 1. ਕ | A. Kh |

| 2. ਗ | B. G |

| 3. ਚ | C. Ch |

Answer Key:

1. A

2. B

3. C

Exercise 10: Listening Practice[edit | edit source]

Listen to a native speaker pronounce the following words and try to repeat them.

| Gurmukhi | English |

| --- | --- |

| ਸੱਚ | Truth |

| ਝਗੜਾ | Fight |

| ਸਿਖ | Sikh |

Answer Key:

  • Focus on mimicking the pronunciation as closely as possible.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the Gurmukhi alphabet! Mastering these letters is a significant step towards your journey in learning Panjabi. As you progress through this course, you will find that your understanding of these fundamentals will serve you well in constructing sentences and communicating effectively.

Keep practicing your pronunciation and writing, and don't hesitate to revisit this material as needed. Remember, learning a new language is a journey, and every step you take adds to your skills and confidence.

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Panjabi Script


Basic Words and Phrases


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negation


Panjabi Customs and Traditions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Panjabi Literature and Media


Health and Emergencies


Expressing Opinions and Emotions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



Next Lesson — Gurmukhi Matra ▶️

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