Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Nominative-Case"
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Objective: Gain an in-depth understanding of the Nominative case in Polish grammar, including its usage, noun declensions, and relevant rules. | Objective: Gain an in-depth understanding of the Nominative case in Polish grammar, including its usage, noun declensions, and relevant rules. | ||
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<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Polish-Alphabet|Polish Alphabet]] & [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span> | <span link>'''PS:''' Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Polish-Alphabet|Polish Alphabet]] & [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span> | ||
== I. Introduction == | == I. Introduction == | ||
The Nominative case is the basic form of nouns in Polish. It's the form you'll find in dictionaries and is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we'll explore the usage of the Nominative case, noun declensions, and relevant rules. | The Nominative case is the basic form of nouns in Polish. It's the form you'll find in dictionaries and is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we'll explore the usage of the Nominative case, noun declensions, and relevant rules. | ||
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===Masculine Nouns === | ===Masculine Nouns === | ||
a. Animate (refers to living beings | a. Animate (refers to living beings) | ||
- Singular: no specific ending | |||
- Plural: -owie / -i / -y | |||
Example: chłopak (boy) → chłopcy (boys) | |||
b. Inanimate (refers to non-living objects) | |||
- Singular: no specific ending | |||
- Plural: -y / -i | |||
Example: dom (house) → domy (houses) | |||
Exceptions: rok (year) → lata (years), człowiek (man) → ludzie (men) | Exceptions: rok (year) → lata (years), człowiek (man) → ludzie (men) | ||
===Feminine Nouns=== | ===Feminine Nouns=== | ||
* Singular: -a / -i | * Singular: -a / -i | ||
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* Singular: -o / -ę / -um | * Singular: -o / -ę / -um | ||
* Plural: -a / -ęta Example: miasto (city) → miasta (cities) | * Plural: -a / -ęta Example: miasto (city) → miasta (cities) | ||
== IV. Relevant Rules == | == IV. Relevant Rules == | ||
===Adjective Agreement=== | ===Adjective Agreement=== | ||
* Adjectives in the Nominative case must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and animacy. Example: czerwony samochód (red car), czerwona książka (red book) | * Adjectives in the Nominative case must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and animacy. | ||
Example: czerwony samochód (red car), czerwona książka (red book) | |||
===Personal Pronouns=== | ===Personal Pronouns=== | ||
* Personal pronouns in the Nominative case indicate the subject of the sentence. Examples: ja (I), ty (you, singular), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you, plural), oni (they, masculine), one (they, non-masculine) | * Personal pronouns in the Nominative case indicate the subject of the sentence. | ||
Examples: ja (I), ty (you, singular), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you, plural), oni (they, masculine), one (they, non-masculine) | |||
== V. Exercises == | == V. Exercises == | ||
# Identify the Nominative nouns in the following sentences and provide their English translation: a. Pies biega po trawie. b. Dziewczynka czyta książkę. c. Samochód jest nowy. | # Identify the Nominative nouns in the following sentences and provide their English translation: a. Pies biega po trawie. b. Dziewczynka czyta książkę. c. Samochód jest nowy. | ||
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{{Polish-Cases}} | {{Polish-Cases}} | ||
<span links></span> | <span links></span> | ||
==Videos== | |||
===Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns ...=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIGprb7nPYE</youtube> | |||
===Polish for Beginners | Mianownik / Nominative Case | Polish ...=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-TiVmsWQ7A</youtube> | |||
===Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns ...=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxJOlt9szJM</youtube> | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Polish|Definite Articles in Polish]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-Polish|Possessive Case in Polish]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Conditional-Tense|Conditional Tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Imperative-Mood|Imperative Mood]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronunciation-Rules|Pronunciation Rules]] | |||
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Polish|Past Participle in Polish]] |
Latest revision as of 13:33, 18 September 2023
Objective: Gain an in-depth understanding of the Nominative case in Polish grammar, including its usage, noun declensions, and relevant rules.
PS: Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Polish Alphabet & Plurals.
I. Introduction[edit | edit source]
The Nominative case is the basic form of nouns in Polish. It's the form you'll find in dictionaries and is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we'll explore the usage of the Nominative case, noun declensions, and relevant rules.
II. Usage of the Nominative Case[edit | edit source]
Subject of a sentence[edit | edit source]
- The Nominative case is used for the subject or the main noun of a sentence, which usually performs the action of the verb. Example: Kot (cat) śpi (sleeps). "Kot" is in the Nominative case.
Predicate Nominative[edit | edit source]
- The Nominative case is also used for a noun that follows the verb "być" (to be) or "zostać" (to become) in its various forms. Example: Ona jest nauczycielką (She is a teacher). "Nauczycielką" is in the Nominative case.
III. Noun Declensions[edit | edit source]
Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]
a. Animate (refers to living beings)
- Singular: no specific ending
- Plural: -owie / -i / -y
Example: chłopak (boy) → chłopcy (boys)
b. Inanimate (refers to non-living objects)
- Singular: no specific ending
- Plural: -y / -i
Example: dom (house) → domy (houses)
Exceptions: rok (year) → lata (years), człowiek (man) → ludzie (men)
Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]
- Singular: -a / -i
- Plural: -y Example: dziewczyna (girl) → dziewczyny (girls)
Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]
- Singular: -o / -ę / -um
- Plural: -a / -ęta Example: miasto (city) → miasta (cities)
IV. Relevant Rules[edit | edit source]
Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]
- Adjectives in the Nominative case must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and animacy.
Example: czerwony samochód (red car), czerwona książka (red book)
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
- Personal pronouns in the Nominative case indicate the subject of the sentence.
Examples: ja (I), ty (you, singular), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you, plural), oni (they, masculine), one (they, non-masculine)
V. Exercises[edit | edit source]
- Identify the Nominative nouns in the following sentences and provide their English translation: a. Pies biega po trawie. b. Dziewczynka czyta książkę. c. Samochód jest nowy.
- Write the plural form of the following nouns in the Nominative case: a. ptak (bird) b. drzewo (tree) c. rower (bicycle)
- Make sentences using the given words in the Nominative case: a. kobieta, piękna, spacerować (woman, beautiful, to walk) b. chłopiec, zwinny, grać (boy, agile, to play)