Language/Polish/Grammar/Nominative-Case

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PolishGrammarCases → Nominative Case
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Objective: Gain an in-depth understanding of the Nominative case in Polish grammar, including its usage, noun declensions, and relevant rules.

PS: Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Polish Alphabet & Plurals.

I. Introduction[edit | edit source]

The Nominative case is the basic form of nouns in Polish. It's the form you'll find in dictionaries and is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we'll explore the usage of the Nominative case, noun declensions, and relevant rules.

II. Usage of the Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

Subject of a sentence[edit | edit source]

  • The Nominative case is used for the subject or the main noun of a sentence, which usually performs the action of the verb. Example: Kot (cat) śpi (sleeps). "Kot" is in the Nominative case.

Predicate Nominative[edit | edit source]

  • The Nominative case is also used for a noun that follows the verb "być" (to be) or "zostać" (to become) in its various forms. Example: Ona jest nauczycielką (She is a teacher). "Nauczycielką" is in the Nominative case.

III. Noun Declensions[edit | edit source]

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

a. Animate (refers to living beings)

- Singular: no specific ending

- Plural: -owie / -i / -y

Example: chłopak (boy) → chłopcy (boys)

b. Inanimate (refers to non-living objects)

- Singular: no specific ending

- Plural: -y / -i

Example: dom (house) → domy (houses)

Exceptions: rok (year) → lata (years), człowiek (man) → ludzie (men)

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -a / -i
  • Plural: -y Example: dziewczyna (girl) → dziewczyny (girls)

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -o / -ę / -um
  • Plural: -a / -ęta Example: miasto (city) → miasta (cities)

IV. Relevant Rules[edit | edit source]

Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

  • Adjectives in the Nominative case must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and animacy.

Example: czerwony samochód (red car), czerwona książka (red book)

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Personal pronouns in the Nominative case indicate the subject of the sentence.

Examples: ja (I), ty (you, singular), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you, plural), oni (they, masculine), one (they, non-masculine)

V. Exercises[edit | edit source]

  1. Identify the Nominative nouns in the following sentences and provide their English translation: a. Pies biega po trawie. b. Dziewczynka czyta książkę. c. Samochód jest nowy.
  2. Write the plural form of the following nouns in the Nominative case: a. ptak (bird) b. drzewo (tree) c. rower (bicycle)
  3. Make sentences using the given words in the Nominative case: a. kobieta, piękna, spacerować (woman, beautiful, to walk) b. chłopiec, zwinny, grać (boy, agile, to play)

The 7 Polish Cases[edit source]

  1. nominative (mianownik)
  2. genitive (dopełniacz)
  3. dative (celownik)
  4. accusative (biernik)
  5. instrumental (narzędnik)
  6. locative (miejscownik)
  7. vocative (wołacz)

Videos[edit | edit source]

Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns ...[edit | edit source]

Polish for Beginners | Mianownik / Nominative Case | Polish ...[edit | edit source]

Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns ...[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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