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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Genitive Case</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Genitive Case</div>
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Kazakh Genitive Case'''! As you begin your journey in learning Kazakh, understanding the various grammatical cases will be crucial for your fluency and comprehension. The genitive case, in particular, plays a vital role in expressing possession and relationships between nouns, making it an essential part of the language.
 
In this lesson, we'll cover the following key points:
 
* The definition and importance of the genitive case
 
* How the genitive case is formed for nouns
 
* Usage of the genitive case with adjectives
 
* Practical examples to illustrate the concepts
 
* Exercises to practice what you've learned
 
By the end of this lesson, you'll feel more confident in using the genitive case, and you'll be equipped with the tools to express ownership and relationships in Kazakh.


__TOC__
__TOC__


The genitive case is one of the six cases in the Kazakh language. In this lesson, we will learn what the genitive case is, how it is formed, and how it is used with nouns and adjectives.
=== What is the Genitive Case? ===
 
The genitive case is used to indicate possession, often translated to English as "of" or "belonging to." For example, in English, we say "the book of the teacher," where "of the teacher" indicates possession. In Kazakh, the genitive case helps us articulate such relationships more clearly.
 
=== Formation of the Genitive Case for Nouns ===
 
In Kazakh, the genitive case is generally formed by adding specific suffixes to the noun. Here’s a breakdown of how to form the genitive case for different types of nouns:
 
==== Singular Nouns ====
 
1. '''Masculine nouns''': The genitive ending is usually '''-ның''' or '''-нің'''.
 
2. '''Feminine nouns''': The genitive ending is generally '''-ның''' or '''-нің'''.
 
3. '''Neuter nouns''': The same endings apply.
 
For example:


== What is the Genitive Case? ==
* '''Kitap''' (book) becomes '''Kitapтың''' (of the book).


The genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun.
* '''Qyz''' (girl) becomes '''Qyzдың''' (of the girl).


== How to Form the Genitive Case ==
==== Plural Nouns ====


In Kazakh, to form the genitive case, we usually add the suffix "-ның" (-nıñ) to the end of the noun. However, if a noun ends with a vowel, we add "-ның" (-nıñ) after an apostrophe (') to prevent vowel harmony. If the noun ends with the vowel "-ы" (-ı) or "-у" (-u), we add the suffix "-ңыз" (-ñız) instead.  
For plural nouns, the genitive case is formed by adding '''-лардың''' or '''-дердің''' depending on the vowel harmony.
 
For example:
 
* '''Kitaplar''' (books) becomes '''Kitapların''' (of the books).
 
* '''Balalar''' (children) becomes '''Balaların''' (of the children).
 
Here’s a summary in table format:


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| бала (child) || bala || child
 
| Kitapтың  || kitaptyŋ || of the book
 
|-
 
| Qyzдың  || qyzdıŋ || of the girl
 
|-
 
| Kitapлардың || kitaplarıŋ || of the books
 
|-
 
| Balалардың || balalarıŋ || of the children
 
|}
 
=== Usage of the Genitive Case with Adjectives ===
 
When using the genitive case with adjectives, the adjective must also agree with the noun in possession. This means that the adjective will take the same genitive ending as the noun it describes.
 
For example:
 
* '''Köpek''' (dog) becomes '''Köpeктің''' (of the dog).
 
* '''Küchik''' (small) + '''Köpek''' becomes '''Küchik köpeктің''' (of the small dog).
 
Here’s another example in table format:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| баланың (child's) || bala-nıñ || child's
 
| Küchik köpeктің || kühchik köpektiŋ || of the small dog
 
|-
|-
| кітап (book) || kitap || book
 
| Qara kitapтың || qara kitabtyŋ || of the black book  
 
|}
 
=== Practical Examples ===
 
To solidify your understanding, here are 20 practical examples illustrating the use of the genitive case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| кітаптың (book's) || kitap-tıñ || book's
 
| Ananın үйі || ananıŋ üi || the house of the mother
 
|-
|-
| ой (moon) || oy || moon
 
| Oquşının дәптері || oquşınyŋ dapteri || the notebook of the student
 
|-
|-
| ойдың (moon's) || oy-dıñ || moon's
 
| Kitapтың беті || kitaptyŋ beti || the page of the book
 
|-
|-
| қыз (girl) || qız || girl
 
| Qyzдың оюы || qyzdıŋ oyui || the drawing of the girl  
 
|-
|-
| қыздың (girl's) || qız-dıñ || girl's
 
| Adamның жұмысы || adamnyŋ jumısy || the work of the person
 
|-
 
| Ağaның көлігі || ağaŋnyŋ köligi || the car of the brother
 
|-
 
| Ayşаның досы || aşınyŋ dosı || the friend of Aisha
 
|-
 
| Balanын суреті || balanıŋ sureti || the picture of the child
 
|-
 
| Qara мысықтың дауысы || qara mysyqtyŋ dauysy || the voice of the black cat
 
|-
 
| Künнің жарығы || künniŋ jaryǵy || the light of the sun
 
|-
 
| Şeberдің туы || şeberdiŋ tuyı || the flag of the craftsman
 
|-
 
| Kökшетаудың табиғаты || kökşetaudyŋ tabıǵaty || the nature of Kökşetau
 
|-
 
| Oqıtuшының сабағы || oqıtuşynyŋ sabagı || the lesson of the teacher
 
|-
 
| Kitiптерінің саны || kitipteriniŋ sanı || the number of the books
 
|-
 
| Qara шұлықтар || qara şulıqtardyŋ || of the black socks
 
|-
 
| Kişінің арманы || kişiniŋ armany || the dream of the person
 
|-
 
| Şarшылардың ойындары || şarşılarǵyŋ oıındarı || the games of the players
 
|-
 
| Qalamның ұшы || qalamnıŋ usı || the tip of the pen
 
|-
 
| Tünyoқтың шеті || tünyoǵtyŋ şeti || the edge of the blanket
 
|-
 
| Biyekдердің биігі || biyekderdiŋ biıǵı || the height of the mountains
 
|}
|}


== How to Use the Genitive Case with Nouns ==
=== Exercises ===
 
Now it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned! Here are 10 exercises for you to complete. Try to form the genitive case for the following nouns and phrases.
 
1. The book of the teacher
 
2. The house of the father
 
3. The car of the friend


1. Possession
4. The drawing of the boy


To show that something belongs to someone or something, we use the genitive case with the possessor noun. The possessor noun is followed by the noun in the genitive case.
5. The work of the doctor


Examples:
6. The picture of the dog
* менің қаламым (my pen)
* сабаққа мұғалімның кітабы (the teacher's book for the lesson)
* Ақбота апарылы тілектерімен қолдануда (to use Akbota's carried luggage)
* тез оңдаған жігіттің айнасы (the mirror of the quick moving boy)


2. Quantity
7. The song of the singer


To show how much of something there is, we use the genitive case with numbers or words indicating quantity.
8. The garden of the city


Examples:
9. The notebook of the student
* екі кітаптың бірі (one of the two books)
* сәуірдің алты есімі (the sixth name of April)
* ең аса шаштықтардың бірі (one of the cheapest watches)
* стаильдердің басқа-басқа да басылдысы (the different printings of styles)


3. Material
10. The glasses of the child


To describe what something is made of, we use the genitive case with the material noun.
=== Solutions ===


Examples:
Here are the solutions to the exercises above for your reference:
* жүйрікке құқтар мен жұлдыздардың көбісі кібір жерлерінде маңызды (the majority of stones on some planets are made of rock and stars)
* жемделіс қуатты материалдардың бірі (one of the powerful materials in electricity)
* бүркін жаялғанжақтың самық онығы (the gossamer web of a densely overcast fence)
* көмірқұммен бөледі (it is broken into coal dust)


4. Origin
1. Мұғалімнің кітабы (Mūǵalımnıŋ kitapı)


To show where something comes from, we use the genitive case with the origin or source noun.
2. Әкенің үйі (Äkenıŋ üi)


Examples:
3. Достың көлігі (Dostıŋ köligi)
* Ақжайық көзінде оңайған мұнаралардың бірі (one of the stunning minarets seen in Akzhaiyk)
* Әулетінің қай бағанадан тандап алдыңыз? (Where did you choose the fur from?)
* Ақбайға қайтыс қойылған күн (the shining day when they leave the seaside)
* Асқарларды қаржы берсін деп, соқтыр бар жолы (The frozen road on which they drive Askars to give them the money)


== How to Use the Genitive Case with Adjectives ==
4. Ұлдың оюы (Uldıŋ oyui)


In Kazakh grammar, an adjective may appear in the genitive form when it refers to a noun or pronoun that is also in the genitive form. The genitive adjective agrees with the gender and number of the noun or pronoun it modifies.  
5. Дәрігердің жұмысы (Därigerdiŋ jumısy)


Examples:
6. Иттің суреті (Ittıŋ sureti)
* Ақботаштық үнемін (her melancholic song)
* ең кішкене ақаптың бірінен (one of the smallest lakes)
* Марияның гүлзары (Maria's rose garden)
* жию ойыншылардың ең алады (the best of the living players)


== Summary ==
7. Әншінің әні (Änşınıŋ äni)


In this lesson, we learned that the genitive case is used to show possession or ownership, and to describe the quantity, material, or origin of a noun. We also learned how to form the genitive case, and how to use it with nouns and adjectives.
8. Қаланың бағы (Qalanyŋ baǵy)


== Sources ==
9. Студенттің дәптері (Stüdenttiŋ dapteri)


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language]
10. Баланың көзілдірігі (Balanyŋ közildirigi)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_grammar Kazakh grammar]
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the genitive case! Understanding how to express possession in Kazakh is a significant step in your language journey. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to review these concepts as they will come in handy during your conversations.
 
As you continue learning Kazakh, remember that mastering the grammatical cases will enhance your ability to communicate effectively and express your thoughts clearly.
 
Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Genitive Case
 
|keywords=Kazakh, Genitive Case, Nouns, Adjectives, Possession, Quantity, Material, Origin, Grammar
|title=Kazakh Grammar: Understanding the Genitive Case
|description=Become familiar with the Kazakh genitive case and its usage with nouns and adjectives in this lesson from the Complete 0 to A1 Kazakh Course.
 
|keywords=Kazakh language, genitive case, grammar, language learning, Kazakh nouns, Kazakh adjectives
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the Kazakh genitive case, including its formation, usage, and practical examples to enhance your understanding of possession in the language.
 
}}
}}


{{Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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==Sources==
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kazakh.html Kazakh]
* [https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Kazakh%20Grammar%20with%20Affix%20List%20%28Krippes%29%20%281%29.pdf Kazakh Grammar - with Affix List]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Accusative-Case|Accusative Case]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Past-Tense-(ӨТКЕН-ШАҚ)|Past Tense (ӨТКЕН ШАҚ)]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Nominative-Case|Nominative Case]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Dative-Case|Dative Case]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Stress-and-Intonation|Stress and Intonation]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Temporal-Adverbs|Temporal Adverbs]]


{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Accusative-Case|◀️ Accusative Case — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Dative-Case|Next Lesson — Dative Case ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 05:59, 1 August 2024

◀️ Accusative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Dative Case ▶️

Kazakh-language-lesson-polyglot-club.jpg
Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Genitive Case

Welcome to our lesson on the Kazakh Genitive Case! As you begin your journey in learning Kazakh, understanding the various grammatical cases will be crucial for your fluency and comprehension. The genitive case, in particular, plays a vital role in expressing possession and relationships between nouns, making it an essential part of the language.

In this lesson, we'll cover the following key points:

  • The definition and importance of the genitive case
  • How the genitive case is formed for nouns
  • Usage of the genitive case with adjectives
  • Practical examples to illustrate the concepts
  • Exercises to practice what you've learned

By the end of this lesson, you'll feel more confident in using the genitive case, and you'll be equipped with the tools to express ownership and relationships in Kazakh.

What is the Genitive Case?[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to indicate possession, often translated to English as "of" or "belonging to." For example, in English, we say "the book of the teacher," where "of the teacher" indicates possession. In Kazakh, the genitive case helps us articulate such relationships more clearly.

Formation of the Genitive Case for Nouns[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, the genitive case is generally formed by adding specific suffixes to the noun. Here’s a breakdown of how to form the genitive case for different types of nouns:

Singular Nouns[edit | edit source]

1. Masculine nouns: The genitive ending is usually -ның or -нің.

2. Feminine nouns: The genitive ending is generally -ның or -нің.

3. Neuter nouns: The same endings apply.

For example:

  • Kitap (book) becomes Kitapтың (of the book).
  • Qyz (girl) becomes Qyzдың (of the girl).

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

For plural nouns, the genitive case is formed by adding -лардың or -дердің depending on the vowel harmony.

For example:

  • Kitaplar (books) becomes Kitapların (of the books).
  • Balalar (children) becomes Balaların (of the children).

Here’s a summary in table format:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Kitapтың kitaptyŋ of the book
Qyzдың qyzdıŋ of the girl
Kitapлардың kitaplarıŋ of the books
Balалардың balalarıŋ of the children

Usage of the Genitive Case with Adjectives[edit | edit source]

When using the genitive case with adjectives, the adjective must also agree with the noun in possession. This means that the adjective will take the same genitive ending as the noun it describes.

For example:

  • Köpek (dog) becomes Köpeктің (of the dog).
  • Küchik (small) + Köpek becomes Küchik köpeктің (of the small dog).

Here’s another example in table format:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Küchik köpeктің kühchik köpektiŋ of the small dog
Qara kitapтың qara kitabtyŋ of the black book

Practical Examples[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding, here are 20 practical examples illustrating the use of the genitive case:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Ananın үйі ananıŋ üi the house of the mother
Oquşının дәптері oquşınyŋ dapteri the notebook of the student
Kitapтың беті kitaptyŋ beti the page of the book
Qyzдың оюы qyzdıŋ oyui the drawing of the girl
Adamның жұмысы adamnyŋ jumısy the work of the person
Ağaның көлігі ağaŋnyŋ köligi the car of the brother
Ayşаның досы aşınyŋ dosı the friend of Aisha
Balanын суреті balanıŋ sureti the picture of the child
Qara мысықтың дауысы qara mysyqtyŋ dauysy the voice of the black cat
Künнің жарығы künniŋ jaryǵy the light of the sun
Şeberдің туы şeberdiŋ tuyı the flag of the craftsman
Kökшетаудың табиғаты kökşetaudyŋ tabıǵaty the nature of Kökşetau
Oqıtuшының сабағы oqıtuşynyŋ sabagı the lesson of the teacher
Kitiптерінің саны kitipteriniŋ sanı the number of the books
Qara шұлықтар qara şulıqtardyŋ of the black socks
Kişінің арманы kişiniŋ armany the dream of the person
Şarшылардың ойындары şarşılarǵyŋ oıındarı the games of the players
Qalamның ұшы qalamnıŋ usı the tip of the pen
Tünyoқтың шеті tünyoǵtyŋ şeti the edge of the blanket
Biyekдердің биігі biyekderdiŋ biıǵı the height of the mountains

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned! Here are 10 exercises for you to complete. Try to form the genitive case for the following nouns and phrases.

1. The book of the teacher

2. The house of the father

3. The car of the friend

4. The drawing of the boy

5. The work of the doctor

6. The picture of the dog

7. The song of the singer

8. The garden of the city

9. The notebook of the student

10. The glasses of the child

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises above for your reference:

1. Мұғалімнің кітабы (Mūǵalımnıŋ kitapı)

2. Әкенің үйі (Äkenıŋ üi)

3. Достың көлігі (Dostıŋ köligi)

4. Ұлдың оюы (Uldıŋ oyui)

5. Дәрігердің жұмысы (Därigerdiŋ jumısy)

6. Иттің суреті (Ittıŋ sureti)

7. Әншінің әні (Änşınıŋ äni)

8. Қаланың бағы (Qalanyŋ baǵy)

9. Студенттің дәптері (Stüdenttiŋ dapteri)

10. Баланың көзілдірігі (Balanyŋ közildirigi)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the genitive case! Understanding how to express possession in Kazakh is a significant step in your language journey. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to review these concepts as they will come in handy during your conversations.

As you continue learning Kazakh, remember that mastering the grammatical cases will enhance your ability to communicate effectively and express your thoughts clearly.

Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson!

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Accusative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Dative Case ▶️

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