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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Possessive-pronouns|◀️ Possessive pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Standard-arabic-Page-Top}}
{{Standard-arabic-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-arabic|Standard Arabic]]  → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic prepositions</div>
In the journey of mastering Standard Arabic, understanding '''prepositions''' is essential. Prepositions serve as the glue that holds sentences together, providing clarity and context to the relationships between words. They can indicate direction, place, time, and other relationships. In Arabic, prepositions often carry nuanced meanings that reflect the richness of the language and its culture.
In this lesson, we will explore some of the most common '''basic prepositions''' in Arabic, their applications, and how they can transform your sentences.
'''Outline of the Lesson:'''
* Introduction to Basic Prepositions
* Common Prepositions in Arabic
* Examples of Usage
* Exercises to Practice


<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Arabic Grammar → Prepositions in Arabic → Basic prepositions</div>
* Conclusion and Cultural Insights


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a beginner in Standard Arabic, learning prepositions is essential to be able to form simple sentences. Prepositions are connecting words that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. They link them to show a relationship between two or more elements in the sentence such as time, location, or direction.
=== Introduction to Basic Prepositions ===


In this lesson, we will learn some basic prepositions in Arabic and their usage.  
Prepositions in Arabic, just like in English, help to establish connections between different elements in a sentence. They can tell us where something is located, when an event occurs, or how things are related. Understanding these small words can significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Arabic.


== Basic Prepositions ==
In Arabic, prepositions are typically followed by nouns or pronouns. They do not change form based on the gender or number of the noun that follows them, which simplifies their usage slightly compared to English.


Prepositions are usually before a noun or a pronoun in the sentence. Here are the basic prepositions in Arabic:
=== Common Prepositions in Arabic ===
 
Let's delve into some of the most frequently used '''basic prepositions''' in Arabic:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| في || fī || in
 
|-
 
| على || ʿalā || on
 
|-
 
| تحت || taḥt || under
 
|-
 
| فوق || fawq || above
 
|-
 
| مع || maʿa || with
 
|-
 
| بدون || bidūn || without
 
|-
 
| إلى || ilā || to
 
|-
 
| من || min || from
 
|-
 
| أمام || amām || in front of
 
|-
 
| خلف || khalf || behind
 
|-
 
| بين || bayna || between
 
|-
 
| خلال || khilāl || during
 
|-
 
| نحو || naḥw || towards
 
|-
 
| منذ || mundhu || since
 
|-
 
| بعد || baʿd || after
 
|-
|-
| في  || "fee" or "fii" || In, on, at, to, by
 
| قبل || qabla || before
 
|-
 
| ضد || ḍidd || against
 
|-
|-
| مع  || "ma'a"  || With
 
| عبر || ʿabra || across
 
|-
|-
| عند || "ind" || At, near, beside
 
| نحو || naḥw || towards
 
|-
|-
| على || "ala" || On, upon, about, over
 
| معًا || maʿan || together
 
|-
|-
| مِن || "min" || From, of, out of
 
| فوق ذلك || fawqa dhālik || above that
 
|-
|-
| إلى || "ila" || To, towards
 
| بجانب || bijānib || next to
 
|}
|}


*Note: Pronunciation may vary by region
=== Examples of Usage ===
 
Now that we have our list of basic prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their application will help solidify your grasp on how to use them effectively.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| الكتاب في الحقيبة. || al-kitāb fī al-ḥaqībah. || The book is in the bag.
 
|-
 
| القلم على الطاولة. || al-qalam ʿalā al-ṭāwilah. || The pen is on the table.
 
|-
 
| الكرة تحت السرير. || al-kurah taḥt al-sarīr. || The ball is under the bed.
 
|-
 
| الطائرة فوق السحاب. || al-ṭā'irah fawq al-sahāb. || The plane is above the clouds.
 
|-
 
| أنا مع أصدقائي. || anā maʿa aṣdiqā'ī. || I am with my friends.
 
|-
 
| هو يعيش بدون قلق. || huwa yaʿīsh bidūn qalaq. || He lives without worry.
 
|-
 
| أذهب إلى المدرسة. || adhhab ilā al-madrasa. || I go to school.
 
|-
 
| أنا من مصر. || anā min miṣr. || I am from Egypt.
 
|-
 
| السيارة أمام المنزل. || al-sayyārah amām al-manzil. || The car is in front of the house.
 
|-


Here are some examples:
| الكتاب خلف الكمبيوتر. || al-kitāb khalf al-kumbyūtar. || The book is behind the computer.


* I am in the house --> أنا في البيت (ana fee-l bayt)
|-
* He is with his friends --> هو مع أصدقائه (huwa ma'a asdiqaa'ih)
* The cat is on the table --> القطة على الطاولة (al-qittah 'ala at-tawilah)
* She is from Lebanon --> هي من لبنان (hiya min lubnan)
* We are going to the park --> نحن ذاهبون إلى الحديقة (nahnu dhaahiboon ila al-hadeeqah)


== Tips for Learning Prepositions ==
| الجسر بين المدينتين. || al-jisr bayna al-madīnatayn. || The bridge is between the two cities.


Learning prepositions can be challenging, but with practice, it can become easier. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
|-


1. Practice: Use prepositions in different sentences to learn how they are used.  
| ذهبت إلى السوق خلال العطلة. || dhahabt ilā al-sūq khilāl al-ʿuṭlah. || I went to the market during the holiday.


2. Listen and watch: Listen to Arabic conversations, music and watch videos to learn how prepositions are used in context.
|-


3. Use flashcards: Create flashcards with the prepositions on one side and the meaning on the other to memorize them quickly.  
| هو يسير نحو المنزل. || huwa yasīr naḥw al-manzil. || He is walking towards the house.


4. Read: Read books, articles, and blogs in Arabic to learn how prepositions are used in writing.
|-


With practice, mastering prepositions will become easier, and you can start forming more complex sentences in Arabic.  
| منذ عامين كنت هنا. || mundhu ʿāmayn kunt hunā. || I have been here since two years.


== Sources ==
|-
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar Arabic grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_prepositions Arabic prepositions]


| بعد العشاء نذهب للتمشي. || baʿd al-ʿashā' naذهب lil-tamshī. || After dinner, we go for a walk.
|-
| قبل الفجر، كان الجو هادئًا. || qabla al-fajr, kāna al-jaww hādī'an. || Before dawn, the weather was calm.
|-
| هو ضد هذا القرار. || huwa ḍidd hādhā al-qarār. || He is against this decision.
|-
| عبر النهر، هناك حديقة جميلة. || ʿabra al-nahr, hunāka ḥadīqah jamīlah. || Across the river, there is a beautiful park.
|-
| نحن معًا في نفس الفريق. || naḥnu maʿan fī nafs al-farīq. || We are together in the same team.
|-
| فوق ذلك، يجب أن نكون مستعدين. || fawqa dhālik, yajibu an nakūn mustaʿiddīn. || Above that, we must be prepared.
|-
| بجانب المنزل، يوجد شجرة كبيرة. || bijānib al-manzil, yūjad shajarah kabīrah. || Next to the house, there is a big tree.
|}
=== Exercises to Practice ===
It's time to put what you've learned into practice! Below are exercises designed to reinforce your understanding of basic prepositions in Arabic.
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition:'''
* الكتاب ___ الطاولة.
* السيارة ___ الحديقة.
* هو يعيش ___ أصدقائه.
2. '''Translate the following sentences into Arabic:'''
* The cat is under the table.
* We go to the beach after lunch.
* She is with her sister.
3. '''Choose the correct preposition from the options given:'''
* الجسر ___ (بين/خلف) المدينتين.
* هو يسير ___ (مع/بدون) حذاء.
* الكتاب ___ (فوق/تحت) السرير.
4. '''Match the English sentences with their Arabic translations:'''
* The dog is in front of the house. 
* He is from Saudi Arabia. 
* The children are playing in the garden. 
5. '''Rearrange the words to form correct sentences:'''
* (الكرة / تحت / السرير / هي) 
* (يذهب / إلى / هو / السوق) 
* (الكتاب / على / الطاولة / في)
6. '''Write sentences using the following prepositions:'''
* مع (with)
* ضد (against)
* فوق (above)
7. '''Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:'''
* القلم تحت الطاولة.
* أنا من أمريكا.
* نحن في الحديقة.
8. '''Complete the sentences using the correct prepositions:'''
* نحن نعيش ___ المدينة.
* الكتاب ___ الطاولة.
* هو يعمل ___ الصباح.
9. '''Translate the following phrases into Arabic:'''
* After dinner
* Across the street
* During the summer
10. '''Create a short paragraph using at least five different prepositions.'''
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
1.
* الكتاب '''على''' الطاولة.
* السيارة '''في''' الحديقة.
* هو يعيش '''مع''' أصدقائه.
2.
* القطة '''تحت''' الطاولة.
* نذهب إلى الشاطئ بعد الغداء.
* هي مع أختها.
3.
* الجسر '''بين''' المدينتين.
* هو يسير '''بدون''' حذاء.
* الكتاب '''تحت''' السرير.
4.
* The dog is in front of the house. → الكلب أمام المنزل.
* He is from Saudi Arabia. → هو من السعودية.
* The children are playing in the garden. → الأطفال يلعبون في الحديقة.
5.
* هي الكرة تحت السرير.
* هو يذهب إلى السوق.
* الكتاب على الطاولة.
6.
* أنا مع أصدقائي في الحديقة.
* هو ضد هذا القرار.
* الطائرة فوق السحاب.
7.
* القلم '''على''' الطاولة. (Corrected from "تحت")
* أنا من '''كندا'''. (Assuming a correction to a country)
* نحن '''في''' الحديقة. (Corrected from “في”)
8.
* نحن نعيش '''في''' المدينة.
* الكتاب '''على''' الطاولة.
* هو يعمل '''في''' الصباح.
9.
* بعد العشاء → '''بعد العشاء'''
* عبر الشارع → '''عبر الشارع'''
* خلال الصيف → '''خلال الصيف'''
10.
* In this creative exercise, students can write sentences like: "أنا أعيش في المدينة مع أصدقائي. نحن نذهب إلى السوق بعد المدرسة. هناك حديقة جميلة أمام المنزل."
=== Conclusion and Cultural Insights ===
Understanding prepositions is not just about grammar; it's about connecting with the Arabic language and its rich cultural context. Prepositions in Arabic reflect social relationships and spatial dynamics that can vary widely across cultures. They are used in everyday conversation, literature, and poetry, enhancing the expressive power of the language.
As you continue your journey towards fluency in Arabic, remember that practice makes perfect. Engage with native speakers, watch Arabic media, and immerse yourself in the culture. This will not only help you remember the prepositions you've learned but also give you a deeper appreciation of the language.
Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself not just learning Arabic, but thinking and dreaming in it!


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==Related Lessons==
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Past-tense-conjugation|Past tense conjugation]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Past-tense-conjugation|Past tense conjugation]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/THE-CASES-OR-DECLENSION-OF-NOUNS-(Subjet,-Direct-and-Indirec-objects)|THE CASES OR DECLENSION OF NOUNS (Subjet, Direct and Indirec objects)]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/THE-CASES-OR-DECLENSION-OF-NOUNS-(Subjet,-Direct-and-Indirec-objects)|THE CASES OR DECLENSION OF NOUNS (Subjet, Direct and Indirec objects)]]
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* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/The-definite-and-indefinite-articles|The definite and indefinite articles]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/The-definite-and-indefinite-articles|The definite and indefinite articles]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Formation-and-placement|Formation and placement]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Formation-and-placement|Formation and placement]]


{{Standard-arabic-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-arabic-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Possessive-pronouns|◀️ Possessive pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Prepositions-of-time-and-place|Next Lesson — Prepositions of time and place ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 22:22, 29 July 2024

◀️ Possessive pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions of time and place ▶️

Arabic-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Standard Arabic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic prepositions

In the journey of mastering Standard Arabic, understanding prepositions is essential. Prepositions serve as the glue that holds sentences together, providing clarity and context to the relationships between words. They can indicate direction, place, time, and other relationships. In Arabic, prepositions often carry nuanced meanings that reflect the richness of the language and its culture.

In this lesson, we will explore some of the most common basic prepositions in Arabic, their applications, and how they can transform your sentences.

Outline of the Lesson:

  • Introduction to Basic Prepositions
  • Common Prepositions in Arabic
  • Examples of Usage
  • Exercises to Practice
  • Conclusion and Cultural Insights

Introduction to Basic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions in Arabic, just like in English, help to establish connections between different elements in a sentence. They can tell us where something is located, when an event occurs, or how things are related. Understanding these small words can significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Arabic.

In Arabic, prepositions are typically followed by nouns or pronouns. They do not change form based on the gender or number of the noun that follows them, which simplifies their usage slightly compared to English.

Common Prepositions in Arabic[edit | edit source]

Let's delve into some of the most frequently used basic prepositions in Arabic:

Standard Arabic Pronunciation English Translation
في fī in
على ʿalā on
تحت taḥt under
فوق fawq above
مع maʿa with
بدون bidūn without
إلى ilā to
من min from
أمام amām in front of
خلف khalf behind
بين bayna between
خلال khilāl during
نحو naḥw towards
منذ mundhu since
بعد baʿd after
قبل qabla before
ضد ḍidd against
عبر ʿabra across
نحو naḥw towards
معًا maʿan together
فوق ذلك fawqa dhālik above that
بجانب bijānib next to

Examples of Usage[edit | edit source]

Now that we have our list of basic prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their application will help solidify your grasp on how to use them effectively.

Standard Arabic Pronunciation English Translation
الكتاب في الحقيبة. al-kitāb fī al-ḥaqībah. The book is in the bag.
القلم على الطاولة. al-qalam ʿalā al-ṭāwilah. The pen is on the table.
الكرة تحت السرير. al-kurah taḥt al-sarīr. The ball is under the bed.
الطائرة فوق السحاب. al-ṭā'irah fawq al-sahāb. The plane is above the clouds.
أنا مع أصدقائي. anā maʿa aṣdiqā'ī. I am with my friends.
هو يعيش بدون قلق. huwa yaʿīsh bidūn qalaq. He lives without worry.
أذهب إلى المدرسة. adhhab ilā al-madrasa. I go to school.
أنا من مصر. anā min miṣr. I am from Egypt.
السيارة أمام المنزل. al-sayyārah amām al-manzil. The car is in front of the house.
الكتاب خلف الكمبيوتر. al-kitāb khalf al-kumbyūtar. The book is behind the computer.
الجسر بين المدينتين. al-jisr bayna al-madīnatayn. The bridge is between the two cities.
ذهبت إلى السوق خلال العطلة. dhahabt ilā al-sūq khilāl al-ʿuṭlah. I went to the market during the holiday.
هو يسير نحو المنزل. huwa yasīr naḥw al-manzil. He is walking towards the house.
منذ عامين كنت هنا. mundhu ʿāmayn kunt hunā. I have been here since two years.
بعد العشاء نذهب للتمشي. baʿd al-ʿashā' naذهب lil-tamshī. After dinner, we go for a walk.
قبل الفجر، كان الجو هادئًا. qabla al-fajr, kāna al-jaww hādī'an. Before dawn, the weather was calm.
هو ضد هذا القرار. huwa ḍidd hādhā al-qarār. He is against this decision.
عبر النهر، هناك حديقة جميلة. ʿabra al-nahr, hunāka ḥadīqah jamīlah. Across the river, there is a beautiful park.
نحن معًا في نفس الفريق. naḥnu maʿan fī nafs al-farīq. We are together in the same team.
فوق ذلك، يجب أن نكون مستعدين. fawqa dhālik, yajibu an nakūn mustaʿiddīn. Above that, we must be prepared.
بجانب المنزل، يوجد شجرة كبيرة. bijānib al-manzil, yūjad shajarah kabīrah. Next to the house, there is a big tree.

Exercises to Practice[edit | edit source]

It's time to put what you've learned into practice! Below are exercises designed to reinforce your understanding of basic prepositions in Arabic.

1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition:

  • الكتاب ___ الطاولة.
  • السيارة ___ الحديقة.
  • هو يعيش ___ أصدقائه.

2. Translate the following sentences into Arabic:

  • The cat is under the table.
  • We go to the beach after lunch.
  • She is with her sister.

3. Choose the correct preposition from the options given:

  • الجسر ___ (بين/خلف) المدينتين.
  • هو يسير ___ (مع/بدون) حذاء.
  • الكتاب ___ (فوق/تحت) السرير.

4. Match the English sentences with their Arabic translations:

  • The dog is in front of the house.
  • He is from Saudi Arabia.
  • The children are playing in the garden.

5. Rearrange the words to form correct sentences:

  • (الكرة / تحت / السرير / هي)
  • (يذهب / إلى / هو / السوق)
  • (الكتاب / على / الطاولة / في)

6. Write sentences using the following prepositions:

  • مع (with)
  • ضد (against)
  • فوق (above)

7. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

  • القلم تحت الطاولة.
  • أنا من أمريكا.
  • نحن في الحديقة.

8. Complete the sentences using the correct prepositions:

  • نحن نعيش ___ المدينة.
  • الكتاب ___ الطاولة.
  • هو يعمل ___ الصباح.

9. Translate the following phrases into Arabic:

  • After dinner
  • Across the street
  • During the summer

10. Create a short paragraph using at least five different prepositions.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

1.

  • الكتاب على الطاولة.
  • السيارة في الحديقة.
  • هو يعيش مع أصدقائه.

2.

  • القطة تحت الطاولة.
  • نذهب إلى الشاطئ بعد الغداء.
  • هي مع أختها.

3.

  • الجسر بين المدينتين.
  • هو يسير بدون حذاء.
  • الكتاب تحت السرير.

4.

  • The dog is in front of the house. → الكلب أمام المنزل.
  • He is from Saudi Arabia. → هو من السعودية.
  • The children are playing in the garden. → الأطفال يلعبون في الحديقة.

5.

  • هي الكرة تحت السرير.
  • هو يذهب إلى السوق.
  • الكتاب على الطاولة.

6.

  • أنا مع أصدقائي في الحديقة.
  • هو ضد هذا القرار.
  • الطائرة فوق السحاب.

7.

  • القلم على الطاولة. (Corrected from "تحت")
  • أنا من كندا. (Assuming a correction to a country)
  • نحن في الحديقة. (Corrected from “في”)

8.

  • نحن نعيش في المدينة.
  • الكتاب على الطاولة.
  • هو يعمل في الصباح.

9.

  • بعد العشاء → بعد العشاء
  • عبر الشارع → عبر الشارع
  • خلال الصيف → خلال الصيف

10.

  • In this creative exercise, students can write sentences like: "أنا أعيش في المدينة مع أصدقائي. نحن نذهب إلى السوق بعد المدرسة. هناك حديقة جميلة أمام المنزل."

Conclusion and Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Understanding prepositions is not just about grammar; it's about connecting with the Arabic language and its rich cultural context. Prepositions in Arabic reflect social relationships and spatial dynamics that can vary widely across cultures. They are used in everyday conversation, literature, and poetry, enhancing the expressive power of the language.

As you continue your journey towards fluency in Arabic, remember that practice makes perfect. Engage with native speakers, watch Arabic media, and immerse yourself in the culture. This will not only help you remember the prepositions you've learned but also give you a deeper appreciation of the language.

Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself not just learning Arabic, but thinking and dreaming in it!

Table of Contents - Standard Arabic Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Arabic script


Nouns and gender in Arabic


Verbs and conjugation in Arabic


Numbers and counting in Arabic


Everyday Arabic vocabulary


Food and drink vocabulary


Arabic customs and traditions


Arabic music and entertainment


Adjectives in Arabic


Pronouns in Arabic


Prepositions in Arabic


Interrogatives in Arabic


Adverbs in Arabic


Transportation vocabulary


Shopping and money vocabulary


Arabic literature and poetry


Arabic calligraphy and art


Weather vocabulary


Conditional sentences in Arabic


Passive voice in Arabic


Relative clauses in Arabic


Arabic adjectives and nouns


Arabic cinema and TV


Arabic fashion and beauty


Sports and leisure vocabulary


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Possessive pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions of time and place ▶️

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